scholarly journals Are carbon water filters safe for private wells? Evaluating the occurrence of microbial indicator organisms in private well water treated by point-of-use activated carbon block filters

2021 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 113852
Author(s):  
Riley Mulhern ◽  
Megan Stallard ◽  
Hania Zanib ◽  
Jill Stewart ◽  
Emanuele Sozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Carbon Block ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Water Filters ◽  
Private Wells

scholarly journals Under-Sink Activated Carbon Water Filters Effectively Remove Lead from Private Well Water for over Six Months

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3584
Author(s):  
Riley Mulhern ◽  
Jacqueline MacDonald Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
The United States ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Minimal Data ◽  
Water Filters ◽  
Private Wells

Children who rely on private well water in the United States have been shown to be at greater risk of having elevated blood lead levels. Evidence-based solutions are needed to prevent drinking water lead exposure among private well users, but minimal data are available regarding the real-world effectiveness of available interventions like point-of-use water treatment for well water. In this study, under-sink activated carbon block water filters were tested for lead and other heavy metals removal in an eight-month longitudinal study in 17 homes relying on private wells. The device removed 98% of all influent lead for the entirety of the study, with all effluent lead levels less than 1 µg/L. Profile sampling in a subset of homes showed that the faucet fixture is a significant source of lead leaching where well water is corrosive. Flushing alone was not capable of reducing first-draw lead to levels below 1 µg/L, but the under-sink filter was found to increase the safety and effectiveness of faucet flushing. The results of this study can be used by individual well users and policymakers alike to improve decision-making around the use of under-sink point-of-use devices to prevent disproportionate lead exposures among private well users.

scholarly journals The microbial colonization of activated carbon block point-of-use (PoU) filters with and without chlorinated phenol disinfection by-products

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 830-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Chen Wu ◽  
Sudeshna Ghosh ◽  
Kelly J. Martin ◽  
Ameet J. Pinto ◽  
Vincent J. Denef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Absolute Abundance ◽  
Carbon Block ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Water Filters ◽  
By Products

Activated carbon based point-of-use drinking water filters change the bacterial community structure and increase the absolute abundance of genera, including those associated with opportunistic pathogens.

scholarly journals Factors impacting adoption of point-of-use activated carbon faucet mount water filters

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne Katner ◽  
Aubrey Gilliland ◽  
Jeannie Purchase ◽  
Susanne Straif Bourgeois ◽  
Victoria Peluso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Water Filters

scholarly journals Bacterial transmission and colonization in activated carbon block (ACB) point-of-use (PoU) filters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Chen Wu ◽  
Nancy G. Love ◽  
Terese M. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Block ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Bacterial Transmission

Identifying the breakthrough pattern of drinking water bacteria through faucet-mounted activated carbon block filters at the point of use using abiotic microspheres and biotic surrogates, fluorescent-tagged E. coli and P. aeruginosa.

Impact of activated carbon block point‐of‐use filters on chloraminated water quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Alfredo ◽  
Jie Lin ◽  
Anjuman Islam ◽  
Zhi‐Wu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Block ◽  
Point Of Use

Virus removal efficiency of ceramic water filters: effects of bentonite turbidity

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Farrow ◽  
Edward McBean ◽  
Hamidreza Salsali
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Virus Removal ◽  
Ceramic Water Filters ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Cake Layer ◽  
Human Enteric Viruses ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Water Filters

Ceramic water filters (CWFs) are utilized in many developing countries as point-of-use (POU) water treatment devices, to reduce waterborne pathogens in potable water. Virus removal efficiencies of several CWFs are investigated under various influent conditions using MS2 (ATCC: 15597-B1) as a surrogate phage for human enteric viruses. The addition of bentonite turbidity (6–8 NTU) in the influent source water showed increased viral removal efficiency of CWFs by 0.1–0.2 log compared to tests involving clear (<1 NTU) influents. Trials employing an applied clay cake layer, formed using highly turbid influent source water (100 NTU) and no cleaning regime between trials, resulted in viral removal efficiency values of 1.5–2.5 log, compared to 0.2–0.5 log during non-obstructed trials.

Activated Carbon from Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Bagasse for Removal Ca2+ and Mg2+ Ion from Well Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Ira Tyas Kurniasari ◽  
Cucun Alep Riyanto ◽  
Yohanes Martono
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Stirring Time

Humans need water with good quality to fulfill their needs. Water with high hardness content will have a bad impact if consumed continuously, so the adsorption method is carried out to reduce the concentration of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. The adsorption process uses sugarcane bagasse activated carbon (SBAC) and the tested water sample is well water in District Jati, Kudus. Synthesis of  SBAC was conducted with H3PO4 30% as an activator at an impregnation ratio of 1:5 (w/w) at temperature 700°C. The FTIR result showed that SBAC contains O-H, C-H, C=C, C≡C, and C-O as functional groups. Analysis result with the XRD instrument showed that the microstructure of SBAC that is formed is turbostatic structure and amorphous. Modeling isotherm suitable for SBAC adsorption on Ca2+ ions is Langmuir isotherm where the R2 value is 0.9134 which shows that the adsorption process occurs chemically and monolayer. Modeling isotherm suitable for SBAC adsorption on Mg2+ ions is Elovich isotherm where the R2 value is 0.8638 which means that the adsorption process is multilayer and adsorption in non-ideal conditions. Modeling kinetics suitable for SBAC adsorption on  Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions is Pseudo Orde 2 where the R2 value is 0.9395 and 0.7274. Percent efficiency value of sugarcane activated carbon adsorption of Ca2+ dan Mg2+ ions on District Jati, Kudus well water is 14.44% and 8.94% and 40 minutes stirring time.

Sustainable Water Filters for the Developing World: A Focus on Cholera

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Krentz ◽  
Ryan Magowan ◽  
Liane Millington
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Human Waste ◽  
Geological Materials ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Filtration Unit ◽  
Water Filters ◽  
Filtration Device ◽  
Water Borne

The goal of this project is to design a point-of-use water filtration device constructed from locally available geological materials, which is capable of filtering out Vibrio cholerae bacteria. Vibrio cholerae occurs naturally in tropical seawater, as well as in human waste. It is a water-borne pathogen, and thus human populations are especially vulnerable during and after natural crises such as floods, tsunamis and earthquakes. The basic filtration unit uses readily available supplies including pop bottles, fabric (such as that from a T-shirt), and a geologic material, such as sand, clay or zeolites. Tests utilizing yeast as a surrogate for Vibrio cholerae are currently ongoing.

Participant responses to a water treatment intervention in rural Guatemala

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 792-809
Author(s):  
Lissette M Piedra ◽  
Lenore E Matthew ◽  
Chi-Fang Wu
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Water Remediation ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Service Barriers ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Water Filters

Each year, 1.1 billion people suffer from disease, dehydration, and malnutrition fueled by waterborne pathogens. Although point-of-use water filters are a viable solution, effectiveness requires consistent use. As collaborators in international development projects, social workers are poised to address service barriers through their focus on multilevel practice and a relentless emphasis on culturally competent practice. This article describes an illustrative case of a water remediation project in rural Guatemala where social work researchers collaborated with engineers to understand how users appraised the project. We present a content analysis of interviews conducted in 20 households in the Boca Costa and Highland regions of rural Guatemala that received bio-sand water filters, which revealed a diverse group of filter users, with varying motivations and constancy patterns. Our study demonstrates how talking to people is essential to understanding their use of technology and how other objective measures—such as the wetness of the sand—can be helpful in interpreting results. It also shows that within the developing context, people vary in their need for additional supports as they adopt new health-promoting activities.

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