The impact of the thermal treatment during ink preparation on the ionomer-supported catalyst interactions in the catalyst layers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bamato Jonathan Itota ◽  
Mahabubur Chowdhury ◽  
Olivia Barron ◽  
Jessica Chamier
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Supported Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Layers ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals A multilevel investigation supported by multivariate analysis for tomato product formulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Boukid ◽  
Elena Curti ◽  
Agoura Diantom ◽  
Eleonora Carini ◽  
Elena Vittadini
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Mobile Populations ◽  
Product Formulation ◽  
Tomato Product ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIndustrial processing of tomato includes its cutting and mincing, thermal treatments, and the addition of ingredients, which might induce changes in physicochemical properties of the final products. In this frame, the impact of texturing/thickening [xanthan gum (X) or potato fiber (F)] on the macroscopic, mesoscopic and molecular properties of tomato double concentrate (TDC) was investigated to determine if F can efficiently substitute X, in association with small solutes (sugar and salt) and thermal treatment (cold and hot). At a macroscopic level, multivariate statistics (MANOVA) underlined that color change (ΔE) was increased by X and F addition contrary to heating and the addition of salt and sugar. MANOVA revealed that texture was greatly enhanced through the use of F over X. 1H NMR molecular mobility changes were more controlled by texturing agents (F and X) than thermal treatment and small solutes. Particularly F increased the more rigid population indicating stronger interaction with water molecules resulting in shear-thinning flow. However, adding X contributed into the increase of the dynamic and mobile populations. Therefore, F can be a valid “clean label” substitute of X in modulating tomato products properties.

scholarly journals Problems of Analyzing Microstructure Images in Assessing the Impact of Technological Parameters of Combined Strain Wave Hardening on the Quality of the Surface Layer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Андрей Киричек ◽  
Andrey Kirichek ◽  
Дмитрий Соловьев ◽  
Dmitriy Solovyev ◽  
Александр Хандожко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Strain Wave ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Steel Microstructure ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Metallographic Images ◽  
Surface Layer Quality ◽  
The Impact

The problems of analyzing metallographic images and the method of their solution using modern software for the analysis of metallographic images are described. There is given an analysis of microstructure images as the main indicator of the surface layer quality by the example of studying the research results of strain wave hardening combinations and chemical-thermal treatment, in particular the influence of previous strain wave hardening and subsequent thermal and chemical- thermal treatment on the alloy steel microstructure or previous thermal and chemical- thermal treatment and subsequent strain wave hardening. On the basis of the analysis the effectiveness of strain wave hardening and chemical and thermal treatment is established.

Effect of thermal treatment on the impact strength of polycarbonate

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 2678-2682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee E. Hornberger ◽  
Gloria Fan ◽  
K. L. DeVries
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
The Impact

Thermal decomposition of solder flux activators under simulated wave soldering conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Piotrowska ◽  
Morten Stendahl Jellesen ◽  
Rajan Ambat
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Copper Surface ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Soldering Process ◽  
Wave Soldering ◽  
Solder Flux ◽  
Solder Mask ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The aim of this work is to investigate the decomposition behaviour of the activator species commonly used in the wave solder no-clean flux systems and to estimate the residue amount left after subjecting the samples to simulated wave soldering conditions. Design/methodology/approach Changes in the chemical structure of the activators were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique and were correlated to the exposure temperatures within the range of wave soldering process. The amount of residue left on the surface was estimated using standardized acid-base titration method as a function of temperature, time of exposure and the substrate material used. Findings The study shows that there is a possibility of anhydride-like species formation during the thermal treatment of fluxes containing weak organic acids (WOAs) as activators (succinic and DL-malic). The decomposition patterns of solder flux activators depend on their chemical nature, time of heat exposure and substrate materials. Evaporation of the residue from the surface of different materials (laminate with solder mask, copper surface or glass surface) was found to be more pronounced for succinic-based solutions at highest test temperatures than for adipic acid. Less left residue was found on the laminate surface with solder mask (∼5-20 per cent of initial amount at 350°C) and poorest acid evaporation was noted for glass substrates (∼15-90 per cent). Practical implications The findings are attributed to the chemistry of WOAs typically used as solder flux activators. The results show the importance WOA type in relation to its melting/boiling points and the impact on the residual amount of contamination left after soldering process. Originality/value The results show that the evaporation of the flux residues takes place only at significantly high temperatures and longer exposure times are needed compared to the temperature range used for the wave soldering process. The extended time of thermal treatment and careful choice of fluxing technology would ensure obtaining more climatically reliable product.

scholarly journals The impact of thermal treatment on the performance of benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran-based organic solar cells

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (65) ◽  
pp. 39916-39921
Author(s):  
Bo Liu ◽  
Xiaobo Wang ◽  
Lang Li ◽  
Gang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Stille Coupling ◽  
Low Bandgap ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Coupling Polymerization

The new low bandgap benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran (BDF)-based organic small molecule, namely B1, was synthesized by Stille coupling polymerization reactions.

scholarly journals EFFECT RESEARCH OF SURFACE DEFORMATION IMPACT AND THERMAL TREATMENT AT MULTI-LAYER WELD DEPOSITION UPON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND POROSITY OF ALUMINUM ALLOY 1580

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (6) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Maksim Kartashev ◽  
Dmitriy Panov ◽  
Maksim Mindibaev ◽  
Gleb Permyakov ◽  
Dmitriy Trushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Mode Selection ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Deformation Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Layer Deformation

The experimental research of mechanical properties and porosity of samples made of experimental high-strength magnesium-scandium aluminum alloy 1580 obtained through the method of multi-layer weld deposition including the application of deformation strengthening and also the further thermal treatment is carried out. There is investigated the impact of layer-by-layer deformation strengthening with the further thermal treatment upon mechanical properties and porosity of the samples of experimental high-strength aluminum alloy 1580 having magnesium-scandium during multi-layer weld deposition. There are shown the values of mechanical properties and porosity of samples subject to modes of deformation strengthening and thermal treatment. A possibility of the impact of deformation effect and thermal treatment upon porosity and mechanical properties of products made of aluminum alloys containing magnesium-scandium obtained during multi-layer SMT weld deposition is checked up. According to the results of the investigation there are drawn conclusions: it is determined that for porosity decrease in metal deposited there are required higher values of efforts of the deformation impact and a weld deposition mode selection excluding product over-heating influencing porosity of metal deposited; thermal treatment impact upon porosity of the metal deposited is not defined; the samples obtained with the use of deformation impact and long annealing with the duration more than six hours have higher mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Impact of thermal treatment modes upon hardening stresses and properties of D16 alloy

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Suan May ◽  
Yuriy Puchkov ◽  
Andrey Plokhikh ◽  
Iliyas Benarieb
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Artificial Aging ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Hardened Alloy ◽  
The Impact

The investigation results of the impact of thermal treatment including water hardening, ascending hardening (hardened alloy cooling in liquid nitrogen, aging and heating in hot coal oil), and also natural or artificial aging upon properties of the bars of D16 deformed aluminum alloy are shown. Through the method of hole drilling there is defined a mode impact of this thermal treatment upon residual stresses.

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