Effect of hydrogen on compression-ignition (CI) engine fueled with vegetable oil/biodiesel from various feedstocks: A review

Vegetable oil is considered as one among the promising alternatives for diesel fuel as it holds properties very close to diesel fuel. However, straight usage of vegetable oil in compression ignition (CI) engine resulted in inferior performance and emission behavior. This can be improved by modifying the straight vegetable oil into its esters, emulsion, and using them as a fuel in CI engine showcased an improved engine behavior. Waste cooking oil (WCO) is one such kind of vegetable oil gained a lot of attraction globally as it is generated in a large quantity locally. The present investigation aims at analyzing various parameters of single cylinder four stroke CI engine fueled with waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCOB), waste cooking oil biodiesel water emulsion (WCOBE) while the engine is operated with a constant speed of 1500 rpm. Furthermore, an attempt is made to study the impact of nanofluids in the behavior of the engine fueled with WCOB blended with nanofluids (WCOBN50). This work also explored a novel method of producing nanofluids using one-step chemical synthesis method. Copper oxide (CuO) nanofluids were prepared by the above mentioned method and blended with waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCOBN50) using ethylene glycol as a suitable emulsifier. Results revealed that brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of WCOBN50 are significantly improved when compared to WCOB and WCOBE. Furthermore, a higher reduction in oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and smoke emissions were observed with WCOBN50 on comparison with all other tested fuels at different power outputs. It is also identified that one-step chemical synthesis method is a promising technique for preparing nanofluids with a high range of stability.

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Complete Vegetable Oil Fueled Dual Fuel Compression Ignition Engine

10.4271/2001-28-0067 ◽

2001 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

M. Senthil Kumar ◽

A. Ramesh ◽

B. Nagalingam

Keyword(s):

Vegetable Oil ◽

Dual Fuel ◽

Compression Ignition ◽

Compression Ignition Engine

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USE OF MACRO-EMULSION OF VEGETABLE OIL IN COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE

10.4271/2004-28-0040 ◽

2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Naveen Kumar ◽

Umang Khare

Keyword(s):

Vegetable Oil ◽

Compression Ignition ◽

Compression Ignition Engine

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Guide Vane Swirl and Tumble Device to Improve in-cylinder Air Flow of CI Engine Using Vegetable Oil

Procedia Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.872 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 90 ◽

pp. 425-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Idris Saad ◽

Saiful Bari

Keyword(s):

Vegetable Oil ◽

Guide Vane ◽

Air Flow ◽

Ci Engine

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Influence of blends of diesel and renewable fuels on CI engine emissions over transient engine conditions.

10.31224/osf.io/m5x6t ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Adriaan Smuts Van Niekerk ◽

Benjamin Drew ◽

Neil Larsen ◽

Peter Kay

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Nox Emissions ◽

Compression Ignition ◽

Engine Emissions ◽

Drive Cycle ◽

Fuel Blend ◽

High Oxygen Content ◽

Fuel Blends ◽

Ci Engine

To reduce the amount of carbon dioxide released from transportation the EU has implemented legislation to mandate the renewable content of petrol and diesel fuels. However, due to the complexity of the combustion process the addition of renewable content, such as biodiesel and ethanol, can have a detrimental effect on other engine emissions. In particular the engine load can have a significant impact on the emissions. Most research that have studied this issue are based on steady state tests, that are unrealistic of real world driving and will not capture the difference between full and part loads. This study aims to address this by investigating the effect of renewable fuel blends of diesel, biodiesel and ethanol on the emissions of a compression ignition engine tested over the World Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP). Diesel, biodiesel and ethanol were blended to form binary and ternary blends, the ratios were determined by Design of Experiments (DoE). The total amount of emissions for CO, CO2 and NOx as well as the fuel consumption, were measured from a 2.4 liter compression ignition (CI) engine running over the WLTP drive cycle. The results depicted that percentages smaller than 10 % of ethanol in the fuel blend can reduce CO emissions, CO2 emissions as well as NOx emissions, but increases fuel consumption with increasing percentage of ethanol in the fuel blend. Blends with biodiesel resulted in minor increases in CO emissions due to the engine being operated in the low and medium load regions over the WLTP. CO2 emissions as well as NOx emissions increased as a result of the high oxygen content in biodiesel which promoted better combustion. Fuel consumption increased for blends with biodiesel as a result from biodiesel's lower heating value. All the statistical models describing the engine responses were significant and this demonstrated that a mixture DoE is suitable to quantify the effect of fuel blends on an engine's emissions response. An optimised ternary blend of B2E9 was found to be suitable as a 'drop in' fuel that will reduce harmful emissions of CO emissions by approximately 34 %, NOx emissions by 10 % and CO2 emissions by 21 % for transient engine operating scenarios such as the WLTP drive cycle.

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1D–3D Coupling Algorithm of Gas Flow for the Valve System in a Compression Ignition Engine

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse9101061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1061

Author(s):

Kyeong-Ju Kong

Keyword(s):

Gas Flow ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Emission Control ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Compression Ignition ◽

Valve System ◽

Ci Engine ◽

Control Devices ◽

Coupling Algorithm

Emission control devices such as selective catalytic reduction (SCR), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and scrubbers were installed in the compression ignition (CI) engine, and flow analysis of intake air and exhaust gas was required to predict the performance of the CI engine and emission control devices. In order to analyze such gas flow, it was inefficient to comprehensively analyze the engine’s cylinder and intake/exhaust systems because it takes a lot of computation time. Therefore, there is a need for a method that can quickly calculate the gas flow of the CI engine in order to shorten the development process of emission control devices. It can be efficient and quickly calculated if only the parts that require detailed observation among the intake/exhaust gas flow of the CI engine are analyzed in a 3D approach and the rest are analyzed in a 1D approach. In this study, an algorithm for gas flow analysis was developed by coupling 1D and 3D in the valve systems and comparing with experimental results for validation. Analyzing the intake/exhaust gas flow of the CI engine in a 3D approach took about 7 days for computation, but using the developed 1D–3D coupling algorithm, it could be computed within 30 min. Compared with the experimental results, the exhaust pipe pressure occurred an error within 1.80%, confirming the accuracy and it was possible to observe the detailed flow by showing the contour results for the part analyzed in the 3D zone. As a result, it was possible to accurately and quickly calculate the gas flow of the CI engine using the 1D–3D coupling algorithm applied to the valve system, and it was expected that it can be used to shorten the process for analyzing emission control devices, including predicting the performance of the CI engine.

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