Mechanical pretreatment of cellulose pulp to produce cellulose nanofibrils using a dry grinding method

AbstractIn this work, we present an approach to cross-link cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with various metallic cations (Fe3+, Al3+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) to produce inks suitable for three-dimensional (3D) printing application. The printability of each hydrogel ink was evaluated, and several parameters such as the optimal ratio of Mn+:TOCNF:H2O were discussed. CNF suspensions were produced by mechanical disintegration of cellulose pulp with a microfluidizer and then oxidized with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO). Finally, metal cations were introduced to the deprotonated TEMPO-oxidized CNF (TOCNF) suspension to cross-link the nanofibrils and form the corresponding hydrogels. The performances of each gel-ink were evaluated by rheological measurements and 3D printing. Only the gels incorporated with divalent cations Ca2+ and Mg2+ were suitable for 3D printing. The 3D printed structures were freeze-dried and characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The better interaction of the TOCNFs with the divalent metallic cations in terms of printability, the viscoelastic properties of the inks, and the variation trends owing to various metal cations and ratios are discussed.

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Experimental Study on the Applicability of Minimum Quantity Lubricant Grinding

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1378 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 139-141 ◽

pp. 1378-1383 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guang Yao Meng ◽

Ji Wen Tan ◽

Yi Cui

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Green Manufacturing ◽

Gas Barrier ◽

Minimum Quantity ◽

Mql Grinding ◽

Grinding Method ◽

Grinding Fluid ◽

Dry Grinding ◽

Fluid Supply ◽

Minimum Quantity Lubricant

Grinding is often to use the grinding fluid because of the high temperature in the grinding area. During the process of grinding, which is used traditional way of grinding fluid supply, gas barrier layer which around high-speed rotary wheel impeded effective grinding fluid into grinding zone, so it creates huge waste and pollution. Minimum quantity lubricant (MQL) grinding as a way of Green Manufacturing is proposed in recent years. So far, the problem of MQL can be applied in grinding has not been confirmed. In this paper, the applicability of MQL in grinding is studied by comparing the experiment of traditional grinding fluid supply method, minimum quantity lubricant grinding method and dry grinding method, and this study is based on theoretical analysis of minimum quantity lubricant grinding.

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Research and Analysis of Dry Crushed Waste Tire Processing

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.109.228 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 109 ◽

pp. 228-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jia Yang ◽

Song Ge Yang ◽

Li Jun Qiu

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Powder Particle Size ◽

Main Mode ◽

Waste Tires ◽

Waste Tire ◽

Powder Production ◽

Wet Grinding ◽

Grinding Method ◽

Cryogenic Grinding ◽

Dry Grinding

For the treatment of waste tires and waste tire reuse has become an important task in today's society. Waste tire processing methods are: restructuring the use of the prototype. Energy use of waste tires as fuel will use high-temperature heating with thermal decomposition of waste tires, to promote its decomposition into oil, combustible gas, carbon. Scrap tire retreading. Powder production and other means. By mechanical means will be used after the tire tread and some other parts of the split will be obtained after crushing the powder material is powder. Currently the main mode of production has powder dry grinding, cryogenic grinding and wet grinding method. Different methods produce different particle size range of powder, powder surface morphology is also different. Dry grinding, wet grinding and cryogenic grinding of the legal system into a powder particle size in the range of 0.3 mm ~ 1.5 mm, 0.075 mm ~ 0.3 mm and 0.075 mm or less. Dry grinding method because of his production and processing simple process has been widely used in powder production process. For dry grinding process and mechanical work made for the research and analysis.

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Highly Dispersible Cellulose Nanofibrils Produced via Mechanical Pretreatment and TEMPO-mediated Oxidation

Fibers and Polymers ◽

10.1007/s12221-018-8565-5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (11) ◽

pp. 2237-2244 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Liang Jiao ◽

Huiyang Bian ◽

Ying Gao ◽

Xuliang Lin ◽

Wenyuan Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽

Mechanical Pretreatment ◽

Mediated Oxidation

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The Effects of Dry and Wet Grinding Processes on The Salt Quality

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202132807011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 328 ◽

pp. 07011

Author(s):

Nizar Amir ◽

Makhfud Efendy ◽

Rachmad Hidayat ◽

Misri Gozan

Keyword(s):

Salt Ponds ◽

High Quality ◽

Processing Industry ◽

Solar Salt ◽

Salt Particle ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Wet Grinding ◽

Grinding Method ◽

Dry Grinding ◽

Product Output

Studies were conducted on the salt quality, such as NaCl percent and whiteness achieved by dry and wet grinding methods. Crude solar salt is carefully collected from traditional solar salt ponds to ensure the uniformity of the sample. Several salt processing methods were applied in this research, such as washing, grinding, and dewatering by centrifuge hydro extractor and drying. The effect of reducing salt particle size to 0.6 and 0.25 mm was also studied. The dry grinding method is conducted before the washing stage, while the wet grinding method is applied after the washing stage. Both dry and wet grinding methods provide high-quality salt products, indicating high NaCl percent and whiteness. The dry grinding method produces higher NaCl percent and whiteness than the wet grinding method. However, the wet grinding method was better in water management and equipment durability with loss of salt losses during the washing stage. Finally, both grinding methods have advantages and disadvantages, so for developing the salt processing industry, both methods should be correctly chosen and match product output requirements.

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3D Printing of a Bio-Based Ink Made of Cross-Linked Cellulose Nanoﬁbrils With Various Metal Cations

10.21203/rs.3.rs-122100/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jakob Mietner ◽

Xuehe Jiang ◽

Ulrica Edlund ◽

Bodo Saake ◽

Julien Navarro

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Divalent Cations ◽

Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Metal Cations ◽

Cross Link ◽

Cellulose Pulp ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

3D Printed ◽

Metallic Cations

Abstract In this work, we present an approach to cross-link cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with various metallic cations (Fe3+, Al3+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) to produce inks suitable for three-dimensional (3D) printing application. The printability of each hydrogel ink was evaluated, and several parameters such as the optimal ratio of Mn+:TOCNF:H2O were discussed. CNF suspensions were produced by mechanical disintegration of cellulose pulp with a microfluidizer and then oxidized with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO). Finally, metal cations were introduced to the deprotonated TEMPO-oxidized CNF (TOCNF) suspension to cross-link the nanofibrils and form the corresponding hydrogels. The performances of each gel-ink were evaluated by rheological measurements and 3D printing. Only the gels incorporated with divalent cations Ca2+ and Mg2+ were suitable for 3D printing. The 3D printed structures were freeze-dried and characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The better interaction of the TOCNFs with the divalent metallic cations in terms of printability, the viscoelastic properties of the inks, and the variation trends owing to various metal cations and ratios are discussed.

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THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE DISPOSAL OF WOOD FIBER WASTE IN AERODYNAMIC MEDIA

chemistry of plant raw material ◽

10.14258/jcprm.2020048188 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 475-484

Author(s):

Natal'ya Geral'dovna Chistova ◽

Venera Nurullovna Matygulina

Keyword(s):

Specific Surface ◽

Technological Process ◽

Wood Fiber ◽

Mechanical Effect ◽

Chemical Additives ◽

Grinding Method ◽

Dry Grinding ◽

Secondary Wood ◽

Environmental Feasibility ◽

Physical Phenomena

The paper discusses the results of a study on the use of fundamentally new equipment (rotary knife mill) for the preparation of secondary fiber waste in the air and the possibility of their full use in finished products for various purposes. In order to justify the effectiveness of the preparation and the feasibility of using secondary wood fiber semi-finished products by a dry grinding method, the physical phenomena and regularities of the mechanism for the preparation of secondary wood fiber semi-finished products by the proposed method are determined and investigated, which characterize the technological process of preparation in air and their possible future use as semi-finished products or in the manufacture of finished products products. The process of dissolution of wood fiber waste was studied, the mechanical effect on wood fiber waste due to face-cross cutting (cutting, crushing, flattening, breaking) and aerodynamic phenomena (breaking, collision, dissolution, fibrillation), contributing to the formation of external and internal fibrillation of the secondary wood fiber, is described. increase in specific surface in the absence of high temperatures and pressure, without the addition of chemical additives, without the use of water and steam. The performed studies allow us to propose a new method and system for the preparation of wood fiber waste by dry grinding, justifying their economic and environmental feasibility.

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COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES OF CELLULOSE NANOMATERIALS OBTAINED FROM SUNFLOWER STALKS

Cellulose Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2021.55.63 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 (7-8) ◽

pp. 755-770

Author(s):

EKREM DURMAZ ◽

SAIM ATES

Keyword(s):

Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽

Crystallinity Index ◽

Raw Material ◽

Chemical Bonds ◽

Ftir Analysis ◽

Average Width ◽

Grinding Method ◽

Sunflower Stalks ◽

Higher Temperature ◽

Cellulose Nanomaterials

This study aimed to investigate the usability of sunflower stalks, which is one of the most significant agricultural residues in Turkey, in the production of cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs). Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were produced by using a grinding method and acid hydrolysis, respectively. The average width and length of CNCs were found as 13.91 ± 3.09 nm and 60.44 ± 21.06 nm, respectively. Besides, the average width of CNFs was determined as 15.03 ± 3.68 nm. The crystallinity index of CNFs and CNCs was determined as 82.64% and 83.09%, respectively. Although the main thermal degradation stage of CNCs started at higher temperature than that of CNFs, the latter were more stable than CNCs at high temperatures. Furthermore, the chemical bonds in the raw material, bleached fiber, CNCs and CNFs were investigated with FTIR analysis. Consequently, it was seen that sunflower stalks can be a suitable raw material for the production of CNMs.

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Facile preparation of nanofiller-paper using mixed office paper without deinking

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj14.3.167 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 167-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

QIANQIAN WANG ◽

J.Y. ZHU

Keyword(s):

Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽

Ash Content ◽

Raw Material ◽

Mechanical Grinding ◽

Microscope Imaging ◽

Facile Preparation ◽

Electron Microscope Imaging ◽

Thermal Stability Of ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Office Paper

Mixed office paper (MOP) pulp without deinking with an ash content of 18.1 ± 1.5% was used as raw material to produce nanofiller-paper. The MOP pulp with filler was mechanically fibrillated using a laboratory stone grinder. Scanning electron microscope imaging revealed that the ground filler particles were wrapped by cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), which substantially improved the incorporation of filler into the CNF matrix. Sheets made of this CNF matrix were densified due to improved bonding. Specific tensile strength and modulus of the nanofiller-paper with 60-min grinding reached 48.4 kN·m/kg and 8.1 MN·m/kg, respectively, approximately 250% and 200% of the respective values of the paper made of unground MOP pulp. Mechanical grinding duration did not affect the thermal stability of the nanofiller-paper.

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An effective method for determining the retention and distribution of cellulose nanofibrils in paper handsheets by dye labeling

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj17.03.157 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (03) ◽

pp. 157-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shengdan Wang ◽

Wenhua Gao ◽

Kefu Chen ◽

Jinsong Zeng ◽

Jun Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Congo Red ◽

Kraft Pulp ◽

Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽

Standard Curve ◽

Congo Red Dye ◽

Mechanical Disintegration ◽

Softwood Kraft Pulp ◽

White Water ◽

Red Dye

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were prepared by cellulase in conjunction with mechanical disintegration from the bleached softwood kraft pulp and labelled by Congo red dye. The labelled CNF were used to investigate the retention and distribution of CNF in paper handsheets. The retention of the labelled CNF was obtained by measuring the absorbance of white water using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. The results showed that this method for measuring the retention was rapid, feasible, and sensitive, owing to the high correlation coefficient R2 (0.9993) of the standard curve. The labelled CNF showed even distribution in paper handsheets. The colorimetric values of paper handsheets were explored with a residual ink analyzer.

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