Quaternary alkaloid, pseudocoptisine isolated from tubers of Corydalis turtschaninovi inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide, PGE2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines production via the down-regulation of NF-κB in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells

Persistent inflammatory reactions promote mucosal damage and cause dysfunction, such as pain, swelling, seizures, and fever. Therefore, in this study, in order to explore the anti-inflammatory effect of 6-methylcoumarin (6-MC) and suggest its availability, macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to conduct an in vitro experiment. The effects of 6-MC on the production and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) and inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were examined. The results showed that 6-MC reduced the levels of NO and PGE2 without being cytotoxic. In addition, it was demonstrated that the increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines caused by LPS stimulation, was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner with 6-MC treatment. Moreover, Western blot results showed that the protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which increased with LPS treatment, were decreased by 6-MC treatment. Mechanistic studies revealed that 6-MC reduced the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family and IκBα in the MAPK and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, respectively. These results suggest that 6-MC is a potential therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases that inhibits inflammation via the MAPK and NF-κB pathways.

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Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Constituents in Sang Yod Rice Extracts, γ-Oryzanol, Vitamins E, B1, B2 and B3, Using Inhibitory Effects on Nitric Oxide (NO) Production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Activated RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophage Cells

Medicinal & Aromatic Plants ◽

10.4172/2167-0412.1000244 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 05 (03) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Itharat A ◽

Uttama S

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

No Production ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Murine Macrophage ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Macrophage Cells ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Enhanced immune response by vacuoles isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in RAW 264.7 macrophages

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1042/bsr20211158 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Su-Min Lee ◽

Wooil Choi ◽

Woo-Ri Shin ◽

Yang-Hoon Kim ◽

Jiho Min

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Immune Response ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Membrane Vesicles ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

No Production ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Vacuoles are membrane vesicles in eukaryotic cells, the digestive system of cells that break down substances absorbed outside the cell and digest the useless components of the cell itself. Researches on anticancer and intractable diseases using vacuoles are being actively conducted. The practical application of the present study to animals requires the determination of the biocompatibility of vacuole. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of vacuoles isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in RAW 264.7 cells. This showed a significant increase in the production of nitric oxide (NO) produced by macrophage activity. Using Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) assay, we identified that ROS is increased in a manner dependent on vacuole concentration. Western blot analysis showed that vacuole concentration-dependently increased protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Therefore, iNOS expression was stimulated to induce NO production. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines levels promoted, such as interleukin (IL) 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α (TNF-α). In summary, vacuoles activate the immune response of macrophages by promoting the production of immune-mediated transporters NO, ROS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

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7-Acetoxycoumarin Inhibits LPS-Induced Inflammatory Cytokine Synthesis by IκBα Degradation and MAPK Activation in Macrophage Cells

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25143124 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (14) ◽

pp. 3124 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Taejin Park ◽

Jin-Soo Park ◽

Ji Han Sim ◽

Seung-Young Kim

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Macrophage Cells ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Acetylation involves the chemical introduction of an acetyl group in place of an active hydrogen group into a compound. In this study, we synthesized 7-acetoxycoumarin (7AC) from acetylation of umbelliferone (UMB). We examined the anti-inflammatory properties of 7AC in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The anti-inflammatory activity of 7AC on viability of treated cells was assessed by measuring the level of expression of NO, PGE2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in 7AC-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The 7AC was nontoxic to cells and inhibited the production of cytokines in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, its treatment suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner and concomitantly decreased the protein and mRNA expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Moreover, the levels of the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family proteins such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were reduced by 7AC. In conclusion, we generated an anti-inflammatory compound through acetylation and demonstrated its efficacy in cell-based in vitro assays.

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Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Constituents from Cassia occidentalis Roots

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1400900519 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1934578X1400900

Author(s):

Neeraj K Patel ◽

Sravani Pulipaka ◽

Shashi P. Dubey ◽

Kamlesh K Bhutani

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Cassia Occidentalis ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

The anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of thirty-six extracts of nine Indian medicinal plants were determined by measuring the inhibition of production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Their cytotoxic activity against macrophages was determined by MTT assay. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of Cassia occidentalis L. (roots) (IC50= 21.3 to 43.1 μg/mL) and Mimosa pudica (whole plant) (IC50 = 31.7 to 47.2 μg/mL) and the dichloromethane (DCM) extract of Leucas cephalotes (whole plant) (IC50= 46.8 to 49.3 μg/mL) exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity by in vitro inhibition of the production of TNF-α, IL-1β and NO in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, the five compounds isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Cassia occidentalis roots were found to suppress LPS-induced IL-1β, TNF-α and NO production in a concentration-dependent manner in these cells at IC50 values ranging from 22.5 to 97.4 μM. Emodin and chrysophanol were also found active in inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines in vivo. These findings justify an ethnopharmacological use of C occidentalis roots as an effective herbal remedy for the treatment and prevention of inflammation and associated ailments.

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5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Mitigates Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Inflammation via Suppression of MAPK, NF-κB and mTOR Activation in RAW 264.7 Cells

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24020275 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 275 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Fanhui Kong ◽

Bae Lee ◽

Kun Wei

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is found in many food products including honey, dried fruits, coffee and black garlic extracts. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of 5-HMF and its underlying mechanisms in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. 5-HMF pretreatment ranging from 31.5 to 126.0 μg/mL reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in a concentration-dependent manner in LPS-stimulated cells. Moreover, 5-HMF-pretreated cells significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of two major inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as compared with the only LPS-stimulated cells. 5-HMF suppressed the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), IκBα, NF-κB p65, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and protein kinase B (Akt). Besides, 5-HMF was proved to inhibit NF-κB p65 translocation into nucleus to activate inflammatory gene transcription. These results suggest that 5-HMF could exert the anti-inflammatory activity in the LPS-induced inflammatory response by inhibiting the MAPK, NF-κB and Akt/mTOR pathways. Thus, 5-HMF could be considered as a therapeutic ingredient in functional foods.

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