scholarly journals Physical, chemical and isotopic characteristics of groundwater and surface water in the Lake Chilwa Basin, Malawi

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 103737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Missi ◽  
Eliot A. Atekwana
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Lake Chilwa

scholarly journals CARACTERISTICAS FISICO-QUIMICAS DE LA BAHIA DE SANTA MARTA (AGOSTO 1980 - JULIO 1981)

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Ramírez T.
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Water Column Stability ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Chemical Conditions

Physical-chemical conditions have been studied in the Bay of Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean, from August 1980 to July 1981. The results obtained at nine stations indicate that the surface water is rather homogeneous and of mainly oceanic character. In the period from december to april water temperatures were lowest (<25®C), salinity highest (>36°/oo) and undersaturation with oxigen occured (<91%) these factors together with pH, alcalinity and the variation of water column stability are indicating an upwelling phenomenon in this period and allow the stablishment of an approximated model for the annual cycle the bay.

OSTRACODE ASSEMBLAGES FROM SPRINGS IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES: IMPLICATIONS FOR PALEOHYDROLOGY

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (S155) ◽  
pp. 181-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Forester
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Volume Discharge ◽  
Physical Chemical

AbstractOstracodes are a diverse group of marine and continental crustaceans that have radiated into virtually all oxygenated aquatic environments that persist for more than about a month. Continental ostracodes live in both surface water and groundwater.Ostracodes living in springs and seeps have typically been the subject of systematic rather than ecologic studies. These taxa may or may not occur in other surface-water bodies. Similarly, lacustrine taxa may or may not be found in springs. Spring taxa occurring in other surface waters are often found in ponds, marshes, streams, or on the edges of lakes where groundwater discharge is important. Groundwater discharge, unlike lake water, shows limited and predictable variability in chemistry and temperature during the year. That level of variability relative to lake water may define particular ostracode environmental gradients. The gradients would range from stable, high-volume discharge springs occupied principally by spring species to high variability lakes occupied largely by lacustrine species.Ostracode occurrences may also be described by parameters such as temperature, solute (dissolved ion) composition, solute concentration (salinity, conductivity, ionic strength), and calcite saturation indices. A plot of these parameters associated with the presence of a taxon illustrates its physiologic response to the environment, a field. Three general fields bounded by chemical parameters are delineated by existing data. Those fields are as follows: (1) a restricted range and (2) a full range of fresh water, and (3) both fresh and saline water. Fields bounded by temperature and chemistry are also recognized. The fields also offer a way of describing ostracode occurrences in terms of hydrogeology and climate.If ostracode occurrences are limited by major chemical and physical properties of the aquatic environment, then their habitat may be defined by certain physical–chemical principles. The same physical–chemical principles must apply to the past. The ecology of extinct taxa may, therefore, be defined in the same environmental terms as those for extant taxa.

scholarly journals Effects of Hydrochemistry of Urban Runoff in Surface Water Quality in Enugu Urban Area, Enugu State, South-East Nigeria.

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Obuka E.N. ◽  
Okwu-delunzu V.U. ◽  
Chukwu K.
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Physical Chemical

Bacterial contamination of water and its associated human health problems are of concern to most people because surface water diseases have troubled human populations for centuries. The aim of this research is to determine the effects of hydrochemistry of urban runoff on surface water quality in Enugu urban area. The water samples were collected from six major rivers in the study area (Ekulu, Asata, Aria, Idaw, Ayo and Ogbete river) with 13 stations of runoff measurement in Enugu urban area. Physico-chemical data was collected by dividing the basin into 13 sub-catchments areas and these were confined mainly within the existing layout. The water samples collected from various strategic points from the study area were analyzed through laboratory tests. The first layer consists of Physical, chemical, and microbiological parameter. These were summarized and imported for statistical analysis and data processing. The result shows that rivers in the study area were highly polluted. The average quantity of Faecal Coliform in Enugu urban River was 17066.67cfu, and average Total Coliform pollution 25400 cfu. These changes were as a result of human and animal excreta flushed into surface water via runoff. The study noted that the physical, chemical and microbiological parameter of the basin, as well as geographical dispositions, combined with anthropogenic factors, are strong causative factors of runoff which causes pollution in surface water quality in the study area. Physio-chemical characteristic shows the hydrochemistry properties of runoff and the extent of pollution in surface water in the study area. The work recommends that there should be effective enforcement of legislation and improve in construction of modernize drainage channel which will collect discharge instead of channelling waste to rivers.

scholarly journals CARTAGO CASE STUDY: WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS OF COSTA RICA

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
SILVIA M. SOTO-CÓRDOBA ◽  
LILLIANA GAVIRIA-MONTOYA ◽  
MACARIO PINO-GOMEZ
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Management ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Waste Water Management

Abstract This article provides information on the management of the grey and toilet water collected in rural areas of the province of Cartago, from the years 2014 to 2016. For this research, information was gathered from a survey applied to 614 households located in rural areas. Information was also obtained through field visits and a physical-chemical and microbiological analysis of surface and residual waters. It was found that 100% of greywater from houses in rural areas are thrown into their surrounding rivers and 87% of wastewaters are treated in septic tank systems. Pollution is observed in the surface water sources due to the increase of population density in rural areas and discharge without greywater treatment.

scholarly journals Qualidade física, química e biológica sazonal das águas superficiais da bacia hidrográfica do córrego Moeda em Três Lagoas/MS

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Denivaldo Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Luzilene De Oliveira Souza da Silva ◽  
André Luiz Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Health And Well Being

A Poluição da água é qualquer alteração das propriedades físicas, químicas e biológicas que possa causar prejuízo à saúde, bem-estar das populações e, ainda, comprometer a sua utilização para fins agrícolas, industriais, comerciais, recreativos e, especialmente, a existência da fauna aquática. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi mensurar os parâmetros físicos, químicos e biológicos, totalizando 20 variáveis em um período sazonal de 4 coletas (inverno 2011, primavera 2011, verão 2012 e outono 2012) da água superficial da bacia hidrográfica do córrego Moeda, em Três Lagoas/MS, e com isso, enquadrar sua qualidade embasado na resolução do CONAMA 357/2005. A área da bacia, aproximadamente 268,39 Km², encontra-se em forte mudança ocupacional, alterando seu principal uso de pastagem para monocultura de eucalipto, que em 2012, ocupava mais de 52% da área total da bacia. Partindo disso, os resultados ilustraram o enquadramento médio restritivo do uso da água foi na classe 3, que preconiza a limitação de suas águas para “abastecimento doméstico, após tratamento convencional; irrigação de culturas arbóreas e forrageiras; dessedentação animal”. Os parâmetros químicos ferro e alumínio e o parâmetro físico cor, foram os que provocaram maiores implicações na qualidade da água. Assim, recomenda-se que o monitoramento da qualidade seja usado para futuros planejamentos e ações para evitar aumento da contaminação das águas superficiais na bacia do córrego Moeda. Seasonal physical, chemical and biological quality of surface waters of the Moeda stream watershed in Três Lagoas/MS A B S T R A C TWater pollution is any change in the physical, chemical and biological properties that may cause harm to the health and well-being of the populations and also jeopardize their use for agricultural, industrial, commercial and recreational purposes and, in particular, the existence of aquatic fauna. Thus, the objective of this work was to measure the physical, chemical and biological parameters, totaling 20 variables in a seasonal period of 4 collections (winter 2011, spring 2011, summer 2012 and autumn 2012) of the surface water of the watershed of the stream Moeda, in Três Lagoas/MS, and with that, to frame its quality based on the resolution of CONAMA 357/2005. The area of the watershed, approximately 268.39 km², is undergoing a strong occupational change, changing its main pasture use to eucalyptus monoculture, which in 2012 occupied more than 52% of the total area of the watershed. From this, the results illustrated the restrictive average framework of water use was in class 3, which advocates the limitation of its waters to "domestic supply, after conventional treatment; irrigation of tree and forage crops; animal welfare ". The chemical parameters iron and aluminum and the physical parameter color were the ones that caused the greatest implications in water quality. Thus, it is recommended that quality monitoring be used for future planning and actions to avoid increased surface water contamination in the watershed of the stream Moeda.Keywords: Multiparameter, Bathing, Framework, CONAMA.

A Visual Physical-Chemical Parameters Analysis Approach for Evaluating the Influence of Port Facilities in Surface Water Quality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthya Leticia Teles de Oliveira ◽  
Cleyton Luiz Ramos Barbosa ◽  
Hugo Brito Lima ◽  
Jefferson Magalhaes de Morais ◽  
Carlos Gustavo Resque dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Port Facilities ◽  
Parameters Analysis

Large-scale study on groundwater dissolved organic matter reveals strong heterogeneity and a complex microbial footprint

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Harjung ◽  
Johannes Schweichhart ◽  
Grit Rasch ◽  
Christian Griebler
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Large Scale Study ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Porous Aquifers

&lt;p&gt;Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in fresh groundwater is generally low in concentration compared to other fresh waters. However, the overall amount of groundwater DOM is huge, as there is 100 times more fresh groundwater than fresh surface water. To date, research on groundwater DOM has merely focused on specific threats to humans such as e.g. DOM and heavy metal complexations and DOM from hydrocarbon contamination. Only few studies targeted to understand DOM as energy source of groundwater food webs and the role of groundwater DOM in the global carbon cycle. While research on these two subjects in surface waters flourish, a comprehensive, large-scale study of groundwater is still missing. Since a major fraction of Earth&amp;#8217;s microbial biomass is found in the subsurface, mainly in aquifers, this represents a major knowledge gap. Moreover, researchers found that groundwater DOM concentrations worldwide increase alarmingly. Here, for the first time, we examine DOM properties and heterogeneity in a large-scale approach with regards to aquifer characteristics and physical-chemical as well as microbial features. We hypothesize that groundwater DOM quality shows high diversity and plays an important, yet complex role in these ecosystems, where bioavailability is influenced by intrinsic molecular properties, as well as environmental conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We analyzed 1000 water samples from 100 groundwater bodies all over Austria with regards to their DOM quantity, quality and bacterial abundance (BA). From fluorescence excitation-emission-matrices (EEMs) we derived indices and components to describe DOM quality. Next, we explored this data with principal component analysis, where we used convex-hull areas to estimate the heterogeneity of DOM composition within the groundwater bodies. In parallel, the similarity of DOM quality was evaluated with self-organizing maps on EEMs to test if we captured the heterogeneity of the data set sufficiently with the previous analysis. DOM quantity and quality was then related to BA and physical-chemical parameters.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our results show that water from fractured and karstic aquifers exhibit significantly higher terrestrial DOM origin and less degraded DOM than porous aquifers. This result can be explained by abiotic factors such as adsorption of large, aromatic compounds, as well as biological factors, specifically, larger surface areas for biofilm development in porous aquifers. The latter is supported by our observation that porous aquifers showed higher BA values. Remarkably, we found that BA was related to different DOM quality in each aquifer type: In porous aquifers BA was related to large, aromatic DOM molecules indicating that these are important for bacterial growth, while in fractured and karstic aquifers BA was related to fulvics and highly degraded humic compounds. Bacterial growth and degradation of complex DOM might be limited by low retention times in some of these aquifers. &amp;#160;Also, we found that groundwater bodies located in river valleys display high heterogeneity in DOM quality spanning across the whole DOM compositional diversity found in this study. This finding could either be explained by surface water infiltration in some parts and younger groundwater or the fact that river valleys are main settlement areas.&lt;/p&gt;

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