P4-440: WESTERN DIET MAY ATTENUATE THE BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF MODERATE ADHERENCE OF MEDITERRANEAN DIET ON COGNITIVE DECLINE

Abstract Very few data are available regarding the association of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MeDi) with Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) evolution over time. A cohort of 939 cognitively normal individuals reporting self-experienced, persistent cognitive decline not attributed to neurological, psychiatric or medical disorders from the Hellenic Epidemiological Longitudinal Investigation of Aging and Diet (HELIAD study) was followed-up for a mean period of 3.10 years. We defined our SCD score as the number of reported SCD domains (memory, language, visuoperceptual and executive), ranging from 0 to 4. Dietary intake at baseline was assessed through a food frequency questionnaire; adherence to the MeDi pattern was evaluated through the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) that ranged from 0 to 55, with higher values indicating greater adherence to the MeDi. The mean SCD score in our cohort increased by 0.20 cognitive domains during follow-up. After adjustment for multiple potential confounders, we showed that an MDS higher by 10 points was associated with a 7% reduction in the progression of SCD within one year. In terms of food groups, every additional vegetable serving consumption per day was associated with a 2.3% reduction in SCD progression per year. Our results provide support to the notion that MeDi may have a protective role against the whole continuum of cognitive decline, starting at the first subjective complaints. This finding may strengthen the role of the MeDi as a population-wide, cost-effective preventive strategy targeting the modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline.

Download Full-text

From the Table to the Tumor: The Role of Mediterranean and Western Dietary Patterns in Shifting Microbial-Mediated Signaling to Impact Breast Cancer Risk

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11112565 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2565 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Tiffany M. Newman ◽

Mara Z. Vitolins ◽

Katherine L. Cook

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Cancer Risk ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Western Diet ◽

Diet Pattern ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

The Impact

Diet is a modifiable component of lifestyle that could influence breast cancer development. The Mediterranean dietary pattern is considered one of the healthiest of all dietary patterns. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet protects against diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Reported consumption of a Mediterranean diet pattern was associated with lower breast cancer risk for women with all subtypes of breast cancer, and a Western diet pattern was associated with greater risk. In this review, we contrast the available epidemiological breast cancer data, comparing the impact of consuming a Mediterranean diet to the Western diet. Furthermore, we will review the preclinical data highlighting the anticancer molecular mechanism of Mediterranean diet consumption in both cancer prevention and therapeutic outcomes. Diet composition is a major constituent shaping the gut microbiome. Distinct patterns of gut microbiota composition are associated with the habitual consumption of animal fats, high-fiber diets, and vegetable-based diets. We will review the impact of Mediterranean diet on the gut microbiome and inflammation. Outside of the gut, we recently demonstrated that Mediterranean diet consumption led to distinct microbiota shifts in the mammary gland tissue, suggesting possible anticancer effects by diet on breast-specific microbiome. Taken together, these data support the anti-breast-cancer impact of Mediterranean diet consumption.

Download Full-text

Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Respiration Is Elevated in Female Cynomolgus Macaques Fed a Western Compared with a Mediterranean Diet

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxz092 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 149 (9) ◽

pp. 1493-1502 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jenny L Gonzalez-Armenta ◽

Zhengrong Gao ◽

Susan E Appt ◽

Mara Z Vitolins ◽

Kristofer T Michalson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Mitochondrial Respiration ◽

Complex I ◽

Western Diet ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Mitochondrial Bioenergetics ◽

Macronutrient Composition ◽

Cynomolgus Macaques

ABSTRACT Background Western diets are associated with increased incidences of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia, whereas Mediterranean diets, richer in polyphenols, monounsaturated fats, fruits, vegetables, poultry, and fish, appear to have cardiometabolic health benefits. Previous work has included population-based studies with limited evidence for causation or animal studies focused on single macro- or micronutrients; therefore, primate animal models provide an opportunity to determine potential mechanisms underlying the effects of dietary patterns on health and disease. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effects of whole dietary patterns, either a Western or Mediterranean diet, on skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics in cynomolgus macaques. Methods In this study, 22 adult female cynomolgus macaques (∼11–14 y by dentition) were fed either a Western or Mediterranean diet for 30 mo. The Western diet was designed to mimic the diet of a middle-aged American woman and the Mediterranean diet included key aspects of Mediterranean diets studied in humans, such as plant-based proteins and fat, complex carbohydrates, and fiber. Diets were matched on macronutrient composition (16% protein, 54% carbohydrate, and 31% fat) and cholesterol content. Skeletal muscle was collected for high-resolution respirometry, citrate synthase activity, and western blot measurements. Pearson correlation analysis between respirometry measures and measures of carbohydrate metabolism was also performed. Results We found that consumption of a Western diet resulted in significantly higher mitochondrial respiration with fatty acid oxidation (FAO) (53%), FAO + complex I (52%), complex I + II (31%), max electron transport system (ETS) (31%), and ETS rotenone sensitive (31%) than did consumption of a Mediterranean diet. In addition, measures of respiration in response to fatty acids were significantly and positively correlated with both insulin resistance and plasma insulin concentrations. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of dietary composition in mitochondrial bioenergetics and that diet can influence skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration independently of other factors such as macronutrient composition.

Download Full-text

P430 THE BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF MEDITERRANEAN DIET ON METABOLIC SYNDROME: A META-ANALYSIS OF 49 STUDIES AND 175,529 INDIVIDUALS

Atherosclerosis Supplements ◽

10.1016/s1567-5688(10)70497-9 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

C.-M. Kastorini ◽

H. Milionis ◽

K. Esposito ◽

D. Giugliano ◽

J. Goudevenos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Beneficial Effect ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Meta Analysis

Download Full-text

A MEDITERRANEAN DIET INTERVENTION ALTERS AGE-ASSOCIATED PHYSIOLOGY IN A NOVEL NON-HUMAN PRIMATE MODEL

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.264 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S68-S68

Author(s):

Noah Snyder-Mackler ◽

Carol Shively ◽

Corbin Johnson ◽

Kristopfer Michalson ◽

Susan Appt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Acute Stress ◽

Western Diet ◽

Autonomic Response ◽

Biological Aging ◽

Physiological Measures ◽

Primate Model ◽

Biological Similarity ◽

Associated Function

Abstract Diet modifications are some of the most well-established aging interventions. For decades we have known that caloric restriction can dramatically increase lifespan and healthspan in organisms ranging from yeast to primates. More recently, other dietary modifications, including varying nutrient composition, have been experimentally shown to alter healthspan and lifespan. However, limitations inherent in human trials, such as diet adherence and heterogeneity of other lifestyle factors, mitigate our ability to identify the mechanisms through which diet alters healthspan and lifespan. Here, we conducted a randomized, long-term, whole-diet manipulation in a nonhuman primate, where cynomolgus macaques consumed either a Mediterranean or Western diet for 15 months. We hypothesized that individuals fed a Western diet would exhibit accelerated rates of cellular and physiological aging relative to their Mediterranean-fed counterparts. Indeed, we found that Western diet-fed animals exhibited increases in physiological measures that also increase with age, including body weight, fasting insulin, and triglycerides. Animals eating a Mediterranean diet, on the other hand, had a more sensitive and tuned autonomic response, and reduced HPA responses to an acute stress challenge. Probing further, we found that diet strongly affected monocyte function, altering the expression of 40% of expressed genes, leading to a more proinflammatory monocyte phenotype in Western diet fed animals. Experiments are underway to explore effects of diet on other markers of biological aging. Together, these data provide the first controlled evidence that Western and Mediterranean diets can alter aging-associated function in a species with clear biological similarity and relevance to humans.

Download Full-text