Development of the Dietary Habits and Colon Cancer Beliefs Survey (DHCCBS): An Instrument Assessing Health Beliefs Related to Red Meat and Green Leafy Vegetable Consumption

Dietary patterns characterized by higher red meat (RM) consumption are associated with increased colon cancer (CC) risk. Preclinical and epidemiological evidence suggest higher green leafy vegetable (GLV) consumption may mitigate these risks. Determining the relationship between dietary habits and expected health outcomes is needed. Methods. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to assess perceived CC susceptibility and severity, and related dietary benefits, barriers, and motivators. RM and GLV consumption were quantified using select DHQII items (n=15) capturing the previous 30 days’ intake. A 34-item Qualtrics survey was provided to a convenience sample of 1,075 adults residing throughout the US Confirmatory factor analysis measured fitness with HBM, and Cronbach’s alpha assessed subscale reliability. A subsample (n=47) completed a 2-week follow-up for test-retest reliability. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare RM and GLV intake and DHCCBS responses between genders. Individual barrier questions and RM and GLV consumption were compared using ANOVA for each gender; post hoc analyses between barrier question responses were assessed with Bonferroni correction. Results were considered significant with a p value of less than 0.05. Results. 990 US adults (52.7% female, 79.1% white, 50.8% aged 35+ years) completed valid surveys. Factor analysis with varimax rotation validated the construct of HBM subscales; only one question had a loading less than 0.745. Subscale Cronbach’s alphas ranged within 0.478-0.845. Overall test-retest reliability was acceptable (r=0.697, p=5.22x10−8). Participant BMI was (mean±SD) 26.7±6.6 kg/m2. Participants consumed (median, IQR) 2.3, 0.9-4.7 cooked cup equivalents GLV/week and 12.2, 5.8-21.5 ounces RM/week. Over half of respondents agreed or strongly agreed with the statement “I can’t imagine never eating red meat,” while less than one eighth of respondents agreed or strongly agreed with the statement “I don’t like the taste of green leafy vegetables.” Conclusion. The DHCCBS is a valid instrument for measuring health beliefs related to red meat, green leafy vegetables, and perceived colon cancer risk. Additionally, these findings suggest increasing GLV may be more feasible than reducing RM for CC risk reduction in meat eaters.

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Characterizing Demographic and Geographical Differences in Health Beliefs and Dietary Habits Related to Colon Cancer Risk in US Adults

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2020.568643 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Megan N. Schaberg ◽

Kristen S. Smith ◽

Michael W. Greene ◽

Andrew D. Frugé

Keyword(s):

Colon Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Health Beliefs ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Geographical Differences ◽

Colon Cancer Risk

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Green leafy vegetable and lutein intake and multiple health outcomes

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130145 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 130145

Author(s):

MD. Ni Li ◽

MD. Xiaoting Wu ◽

MD. Wen Zhuang ◽

MD. Lin Xia ◽

MD. Yi Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Outcomes ◽

Leafy Vegetable ◽

Green Leafy Vegetable ◽

Multiple Health

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Red meat and colon cancer: Should we become vegetarians, or can we make meat safer?

Meat Science ◽

10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.04.009 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 310-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 146

Author(s):

Denis E. Corpet

Keyword(s):

Colon Cancer ◽

Red Meat

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Nutrition and Dietary Habits Associated with Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the Population of Omsk region: Case-Control Study

Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention ◽

10.31631/2073-3046-2019-18-1-67-73 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 67-73

Author(s):

N. G. Shirlina ◽

V. L. Stasenko ◽

D. V. Turchaninov ◽

I. A. Sohoshko

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Food Habits ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Case Control ◽

Red Meat ◽

Biological Factor ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Malignant Neoplasms

Relevance.Nutrition is the most important biological factor on which the functioning of the human body depends. The link between the development of colorectal cancer and nutrition and eating habits is well known: excessive consumption of red meat, fats, alcohol, lack of dietary fiber, obesity. Objective: To assess the prevalence and significance of factors related to nutrition and food habits in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the population of the Omsk region.Materials and methods.An epidemiological analytical study (case-control) was conducted, in which 609 people took part - residents of the Omsk Region aged 30 to 85 years (average age 51.2 years; 95% CI 48.1 – 54.3). The study examined 23 factors characterizing the diet and eating habits of study participants.Result and discussion.Of the 23 risk factors for CRC associated with nutrition and food habits, only six confirmed their importance to the residents of the Omsk region: a body mass index of more than 25, alcohol consumption more than twice a month with a predominance of strong, the frequency of red meat consumed more than 10 times a month, the amount of fresh fruit consumed is less than 100 grams at a time, the preference for fatty foods.Findings.The implementation of preventive measures, taking into account the prevalence of risk factors for CRC, including factors related to nutrition and eating habits, reduces the population and individual risk of this pathology in the population of the region, as well as health losses due to malignant neoplasms of the colon and colon.

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Effect of high nitrate vegetable juice supplementation on plasma nitrate and blood pressure in healthy adults: a pilot randomized crossover intervention in healthy volunteers

10.21203/rs.3.rs-258007/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nour Elsahoryi ◽

Christopher Cardwell ◽

Sarah Gilchrist ◽

Jayne Woodside

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Leafy Vegetable ◽

Nitrate Content ◽

Beetroot Juice ◽

Green Leafy Vegetable ◽

Vegetable Juice ◽

Plasma Nitrate ◽

Nitrate And Nitrite

Abstract Background: Beetroot juice has been demonstrated to decrease blood pressure due to the high inorganic nitrate content, but few studies have tested the effect of other high nitrate vegetable juices on blood pressure. Methods: This pilot randomized crossover trial aimed to investigate the effect of two different high nitrate vegetable juices on plasma nitrate concentrations and blood pressure in healthy adults. Eighteen healthy volunteers were randomized to receive 115 ml of beetroot juice or 250 ml of green leafy vegetable juice for seven days. Blood samples were collected, and clinic blood pressure measured at baseline and at the end of each juice consumption. Daily home blood pressure assessment was conducted two hours after juice consumption. Nitrate and nitrite concentrations were analysed using a commercially available kit on a Triturus automated ELISA analyser. Hills and Armitage analysis was used for the two- period crossover design and paired sample t- tests were performed to compare within-group changes. Results: Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentration significantly increased and there was significant reduction in clinic and home SBP mean during the beetroot juice period (P-values 0.004 and 0.002, respectively). Home DBP reduced significantly during green leafy vegetable juice consumption week (P-value 0.03). The difference between groups did not reach statistical significance during the formal crossover analysis adjusted for period effects. Conclusion: Beetroot juice and green leafy vegetable juice may reduce systolic or diastolic blood pressure but there was no statistically significant difference between the two juices, although this was only a pilot study.

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Abstract P530: Health Beliefs Shaped by Experiences of Socioeconomic Deprivation and Psychosocial Distress is Critical to Maintaining Lifestyle Choices for Reducing Stroke Risk: A Mixed Methods Analysis

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.p530 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Shwetha A George ◽

Rita V Krishnamurthi ◽

Suzanne Barker-Collo ◽

Valery L Feigin

Keyword(s):

Health Beliefs ◽

Food Choice ◽

Role Model ◽

Stroke Risk ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Psychosocial Distress ◽

Socioeconomic Deprivation ◽

Risk Behaviours ◽

Stroke Incidence

Introduction: 9 out of 10 stroke events are attributable to modifiable (including lifestyle) risk factors. Therefore, long-term preventative health behaviour changes (PHBCs) is critical for reducing stroke incidence. However, current, New Zealand (NZ) education-based behavioral interventions report a high participant non-response rate or relapse into risk-behaviours within 6 months. In this regard, this study is the first to explore influences of psychosocial distress, socioeconomic deprivation and health beliefs influences on motivation for initiating/maintaining PHBC in the NZ population. Methods: (1) Qualitative interviews were conducted with 40 NZ participants recruited from the Reducing the International Burden of Stroke Using Mobile Technology E-health research program. Participants' perceived stroke susceptibility, barriers to/benefits of PHBCs and managing psychosocial distress were explored. Recorded and transcribed interviews were then thematically analysed. (2) Quantitative: 200 participants completed questionnaires on dietary habits and food choice motivations. Hierarchical regression modelling was performed to evaluate influences of socioeconomic deprivation on food choices. Results: (1) Participants acknowledged the beneficial effects of PHBCs in reducing stroke risk. Notwithstanding, performing PHBC during chronic stress/anxiety was challenging due to the instant, short-term relief gained through risk behaviours. Interactions with peers who actively engaged in risk behaviours and inadequate support systems limited self-efficacy in sustaining PHBCs. Mitigating future health risks and being a positive role model were some of the perceived benefits of maintaining PHBCs. (2) The degree of individual deprivation significantly predicted consumption of risk reducing foods (e.g., fruits) (F(4,168)=11.24, R 2 =0.20, p<0.000). After adjusting for demographic variables, individual and community deprivation was found to significantly predict food choice motivations based on familiarity (F(4,168)=2.97, R 2 =0.07, p<0.05; F(5,164)=2.27, R 2 =0.07, p<0.05), price (F(4,168)=13.36, R 2 =0.24, p<0.001; F(5,164)=10.29, R 2 =0.24, p<0.001), natural content (F(4,168)=4.28, R 2 =0.10, p<0.01; F(5,164)=3.97, R 2 =0.11, p<0.01), ethical acceptability (F(4,168)=2.80, R 2 =0.06, p<0.05; F(5,164)=2.66, R 2 =0.08, p<0.05) and convenience (F(4,168)=3.92, R 2 =0.09, p<0.01; F(5,164)=3.09, R 2 =0.09, p<0.05). Nutritional knowledge was also significantly predicted by individual (F(4,168)=4.08, R 2 =0.09, p<0.01) and community (F(5,164)=3.25, R 2 =0.09, p<0.01) deprivation. Conclusions: Motivation for sustaining PHBCs can be impeded by socioeconomic deprivation and psychosocial distress. Long-term PHBC maintenance may then be optimised by client-centred strategies as opposed to conventional, education-based prevention paradigms.

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Apiaceous and Cruciferous Vegetables Fed During the Post-Initiation Stage Reduce Colon Cancer Risk Markers in Rats

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxy257 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 149 (2) ◽

pp. 249-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sangyub Kim ◽

Sabrina P Trudo ◽

Daniel D Gallaher

Keyword(s):

Colon Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Aberrant Crypt Foci ◽

Stem Cell Marker ◽

Cruciferous Vegetables ◽

Colon Cancer Risk ◽

Basal Group ◽

Marker Expression ◽

Initiation Stage

ABSTRACT Background Vegetable consumption reduces colon cancer risk when fed in the initiation stage of carcinogenesis; however, the effect of vegetable consumption during the post-initiation stage has rarely been examined. Objective We investigated the chemopreventive effects of feeding apiaceous and cruciferous vegetables on colon cancer risk in the post-initiation stage. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats (∼5 wk, 92 g) were subcutaneously injected with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine 1 time/wk for 2 wk. One week after the last dose, rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: the basal diet, an apiaceous vegetable-containing diet (API; 21% fresh wt/wt), or a cruciferous vegetable-containing diet (CRU; 21% fresh wt/wt). All diets contained ∼20% protein, 7% fat, and 63% digestible carbohydrate. Experimental diets were fed for 10 wk, after which colons were harvested. Results CRU reduced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) number compared to the basal group (P = 0.014) and API (P = 0.013), whereas API decreased the proportion of dysplastic ACF relative to the basal group (P < 0.05). Both CRU and API reduced doublecortin-like kinase 1-positive marker expression relative to basal by 57.9% (P = 0.009) and 51.4% (P < 0.02). The numbers of CD44-positive ACF did not differ between the groups. We identified 14 differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs). Of these, expression of 6 miRNAs were greater or tended to be greater (P ≤ 0.10) in one or both vegetable-containing groups compared to the basal group. Bioinformatic analysis of these expression changes in miRNA predicted a change in WNT/β-catenin signaling, indicating downregulation of β-catenin in the vegetable-fed groups. Consistent with this bioinformatics analysis, β-catenin-accumulated ACF were decreased in CRU (93.1%, P = 0.012), but not in API (54.4%, P = 0.125), compared to the basal group. Conclusion Both apiaceous and cruciferous vegetables, fed post-initiation, reduce colonic preneoplastic lesions as well as cancer stem cell marker expression in rats, possibly by suppressing oncogenic signaling through changes in miRNA expression.

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