Obsessive-compulsive symptoms and negative affect during tobacco withdrawal in a non-clinical sample of African American smokers

Introduction and aimsBoth anxiety sensitivity (AS) and negative affect (NA) are significant general predictors of anxiety disorders, including the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; Taylor, 1999). Recently, our group reported preliminary findings suggesting that disgust sensitivity was able to predict OCD symptoms, particularly contamination obsessions and washing compulsions, when controlling for AS and NA (Sandín et al., 2008). The present study examines whether disgust domains of the Cuestionario de Sensibilidad al Asco (CSA) [Disgust Sensitivity Questionnaire] predict obsessive-compulsive symptoms above and beyond AS and NA.MethodA sample of undergraduates completed the CSA (see Valiente et al.), the Padua Inventory-Whasington State University Revision (Burns et al., 1996), the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (Taylor et al., 2007; Sandín et al., 2007), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Watson et al., 1988, Sandín et al., 1999).ResultsHierarchic regression analysis revealed that CSA was a better predictor of contamination obsessions and washing compulsions than anxiety sensitivity and negative affect. Also, CSA domains predicted differentially each obsessive-compulsive dimension.ConclusionsContamination-based OCD symptoms appears to be particularly associated to disgust sensitivity, specially with the CSA dimension of hygiene (it includes items such as “Seeing someone spit”, Touching the clothes of a beggar or homeless”). Assuming that contamination-based OCD is a very prevalent type of OCD, future studies on implication of this dimension in its development and/or maintenance is warranted.

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Hoarding Behaviour in an Italian Non-Clinical Sample

Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1017/s1352465812001105 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 297-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Francesco Bulli ◽

Gabriele Melli ◽

Claudia Carraresi ◽

Eleonora Stopani ◽

Alberto Pertusa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Sample ◽

Compulsive Buying ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Clinical Population ◽

Compulsive Hoarding ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Significant Impairment ◽

Education And Employment

Background: Hoarding is associated with significant impairment. Although traditionally considered as a symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), some authors have proposed that pathological hoarding could be considered as a stand alone condition. The prevalence of pathological hoarding behaviour has been shown to be high in some countries, but little is known about the prevalence and correlates of hoarding in the non-clinical population in Italy. Method: We studied the prevalence of self-reported hoarding behaviour using the Italian version of the Saving Inventory-Revised, as well as the association between hoarding and various clinical correlates, including obsessive-compulsive symptoms, compulsive buying, anxiety, and depression. Results: The prevalence of pathological hoarding behaviour in two studies was between 3.7 and 6.0%. No differences were found between hoarding and non-hoarding participants with regard to gender, age, marital status, level of education, and employment status. Significant correlations were found between compulsive hoarding and obsessive-compulsive symptoms and also between hoarding and a measure of compulsive buying, even after controlling for anxiety and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: These results indicate that pathological hoarding may also be prevalent in Italy and highlight the need for further epidemiological studies using validated instruments to assess hoarding disorder.

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Choice Blindness, Confabulatory Introspection, and Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms: Investigation in a Clinical Sample

Cognitive Therapy and Research ◽

10.1007/s10608-019-10066-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 376-385

Author(s):

Shiu F. Wong ◽

Frederick Aardema ◽

Martha Giraldo-O’Meara ◽

Lars Hall ◽

Petter Johansson

Keyword(s):

Clinical Sample ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽

Choice Blindness

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OC symptoms in African American young adults: The associations between racial discrimination, racial identity, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jocrd.2018.09.002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 105-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Henry A. Willis ◽

Enrique W. Neblett

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

African American ◽

Racial Identity ◽

Racial Discrimination ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽

American Young Adults

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Gender Differences in Negative Affect During Acute Tobacco Abstinence Differ Between African American and White Adult Cigarette Smokers

Nicotine & Tobacco Research ◽

10.1093/ntr/nty122 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 1072-1078 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Raina D Pang ◽

Mariel S Bello ◽

Madalyn M Liautaud ◽

Andrea H Weinberger ◽

Adam M Leventhal

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

African American ◽

Negative Affect ◽

African American Women ◽

White Women ◽

African American Men ◽

Self Report ◽

Women Smokers ◽

Tobacco Withdrawal ◽

Hispanic White

Abstract Introduction Prior studies have found heightened negative affect following tobacco abstinence in women compared to men. However, experimental work addressing whether these findings generalize across racial groups is scarce. This study investigated whether race (non-Hispanic White vs. non-Hispanic African American) moderated gender differences in abstinence-induced negative affect and smoking behavior. Methods Data were collected from 2010 to 2017 from two separate laboratory studies investigating experimentally manipulated tobacco abstinence. Following a baseline session, adult daily smokers (≥10 cigarettes/day; women: n = 297, 83.8% non-Hispanic African American; men: n = 492, 86.2% non-Hispanic African American) attended two counterbalanced lab sessions (16 hours abstinent vs. non-abstinent) and completed self-report measures of negative affect followed by a laboratory analogue smoking reinstatement task. Results We found a gender × race interaction for several negative affect states and composite negative affect (βs = −.12 to −.16, Ps < .05). Analyses stratified by race showed that non-Hispanic White women compared to non-Hispanic White men exhibited greater abstinence-induced increases in anger, anxiety, and composite negative affect (βs = −.20 to −.29, Ps < .05). No significant gender differences in abstinence-induced negative affect were found for non-Hispanic African American smokers (βs = .00 to − .04, Ps > .05). Conclusion These findings suggest that negative affect during acute tobacco abstinence may be a clinically important and intervenable factor that can inform cessation interventions specifically for non-Hispanic White women smokers. Further empirical exploration of mechanisms underlying interactions of gender and race in tobacco addiction may benefit smoking cessation efforts in non-Hispanic African American women smokers. Implications This study contributes to a scant body of research examining the intersectional influence of race and gender on abstinence-induced negative affect—a central, motivationally prepotent feature of tobacco withdrawal. Using a laboratory-based design to experimentally manipulate abstinence, we provide evidence of a gender × race interaction on negative affect–related withdrawal. Our findings suggest that gender differences in abstinence-induced negative affect observed among non-Hispanic White smokers may not generalize to non-Hispanic African American smokers, highlighting the need for future work to address potential mechanisms underlying the racially discrepant impact of gender on affective tobacco withdrawal.

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Latent class analysis of obsessive–compulsive symptoms in a clinical sample

Comprehensive Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.08.029 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 604-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Abdullah Atli ◽

Murat Boysan ◽

Nuralay Çetinkaya ◽

Mahmut Bulut ◽

Yasin Bez

Keyword(s):

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Latent Class ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms

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The Relative Importance of Mindfulness Facets in Chronic Pain: Relations to the General Negative Affect, Depression, Anxiety, and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms

10.1101/2021.06.04.21258338 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zahra Azizi ◽

Gholamreza Jandaghi ◽

Manijeh Firoozi ◽

Ali Zia-Tohidi ◽

Shahrokh Ebnerasouli

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Musculoskeletal Pain ◽

Latent Variable ◽

Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Relative Importance ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽

Acting With Awareness ◽

Mindfulness Facets

Objectives: This study had three objectives: first, to investigate the relative importance of the five mindfulness facets to negative affect (NA) among patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain; second, to test the hypothesis that observing is associated with lower NA only if occurs in an accepting manner; and third, to investigate the relation between mindfulness and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS). Methods: One hundred and nineteen patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain filled the Five-Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS), and the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R). A latent variable was constructed to represent NA. Multiple regression analysis was conducted, and several indices of relative importance were calculated. Results: Except for Observing, all mindfulness facets had significant bivariate and unique relation with NA. Acting with Awareness was the most important predictor, followed by Nonjudging and Describing. The contribution of Nonreactivity was small. Regarding the second objective, the Observing x Nonjudging and Observing x Nonreactivity interactions were not significant. Finally, the five facets of mindfulness explained about one-half of the variance in obsession and one-fifth of the variance in compulsion. After excluding the shared variance between obsession and compulsion, mindfulness was only related to obsession. Conclusion: Except for Observing, all mindfulness facets seem to have unique contributions to psychological symptoms; among them, Acting with Awareness seems most important. Current evidence is inconsistent in supporting the dependency of the effect of observing on acceptance. Finally, regarding the relation between mindfulness and OCS, it seems that mindfulness is more related to obsession than compulsion.

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