Tuning Three-dimensional (3D) Shapes of Polymeric Microparticles by Geometry-driven Control of Mold Swelling and Capillarity in Micromolds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reya Ganguly ◽  
Yoon Choi ◽  
Chang-Soo Lee ◽  
Chang-Hyung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polymeric Microparticles ◽  
3D Shapes

Geometric Accuracy Prediction for Additive Manufacturing Through Machine Learning of Triangular Mesh Data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Decker ◽  
Qiang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Triangular Mesh ◽  
Geometric Accuracy ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
3D Shapes ◽  
Complex Parts

Abstract While additive manufacturing has seen tremendous growth in recent years, a number of challenges remain, including the presence of substantial geometric differences between a three dimensional (3D) printed part, and the shape that was intended. There are a number of approaches for addressing this issue, including statistical models that seek to account for errors caused by the geometry of the object being printed. Currently, these models are largely unable to account for errors generated in freeform 3D shapes. This paper proposes a new approach using machine learning with a set of predictors based on the geometric properties of the triangular mesh file used for printing. A direct advantage of this method is the simplicity with which it can describe important properties of a 3D shape and allow for predictive modeling of dimensional inaccuracies for complex parts. To evaluate the efficacy of this approach, a sample dataset of 3D printed objects and their corresponding deviations was generated. This dataset was used to train a random forest machine learning model and generate predictions of deviation for a new object. These predicted deviations were found to compare favorably to the actual deviations, demonstrating the potential of this approach for applications in error prediction and compensation.

Programmable and reversible assembly of soft capillary multipoles

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhye Bae ◽  
Nakul P. Bende ◽  
Arthur A. Evans ◽  
Jun-Hee Na ◽  
Christian D. Santangelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hydrogel Particles ◽  
Stimulus Responsive ◽  
3D Shapes

The capillary assembly of stimulus-responsive hydrogel particles with programmed multipolar interactions defined by their prescribed three-dimensional (3D) shapes is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Additive lattice kirigami

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. e1601258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toen Castle ◽  
Daniel M. Sussman ◽  
Michael Tanis ◽  
Randall D. Kamien
Keyword(s):  
Gaussian Curvature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
3D Structures ◽  
Flat Sheet ◽  
Simple Rules ◽  
New Material ◽  
3D Shapes ◽  
Huge Variety

Kirigami uses bending, folding, cutting, and pasting to create complex three-dimensional (3D) structures from a flat sheet. In the case of lattice kirigami, this cutting and rejoining introduces defects into an underlying 2D lattice in the form of points of nonzero Gaussian curvature. A set of simple rules was previously used to generate a wide variety of stepped structures; we now pare back these rules to their minimum. This allows us to describe a set of techniques that unify a wide variety of cut-and-paste actions under the rubric of lattice kirigami, including adding new material and rejoining material across arbitrary cuts in the sheet. We also explore the use of more complex lattices and the different structures that consequently arise. Regardless of the choice of lattice, creating complex structures may require multiple overlapping kirigami cuts, where subsequent cuts are not performed on a locally flat lattice. Our additive kirigami method describes such cuts, providing a simple methodology and a set of techniques to build a huge variety of complex 3D shapes.

Conceptual Three-Dimensional Modeling Using Intuitive Gesture-Based Midair Three-Dimensional Sketching Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinmiao Huang ◽  
Rahul Rai
Keyword(s):  
User Study ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Interaction Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Novice Users ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
3D Shapes

We introduce an intuitive gesture-based interaction technique for creating and manipulating simple three-dimensional (3D) shapes. Specifically, the developed interface utilizes low-cost depth camera to capture user's hand gesture as the input, maps different gestures to system commands and generates 3D models from midair 3D sketches (as opposed to traditional two-dimensional (2D) sketches). Our primary contribution is in the development of an intuitive gesture-based interface that enables novice users to rapidly construct conceptual 3D models. Our development extends current works by proposing both design and technical solutions to the challenges of the gestural modeling interface for conceptual 3D shapes. The preliminary user study results suggest that the developed framework is intuitive to use and able to create a variety of 3D conceptual models.

scholarly journals V4PCS: Volumetric 4PCS Algorithm for Global Registration

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jida Huang ◽  
Tsz-Ho Kwok ◽  
Chi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Mass Customization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Rigid Transformation ◽  
Shape Registration ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Global Registration ◽  
Information Reuse ◽  
3D Shapes

With the advances in three-dimensional (3D) scanning and sensing technologies, massive human-related data are now available and create many applications in data-driven design. Similarity identification is one of the basic problems in data-driven design and can facilitate many engineering applications and product paradigm such as quality control and mass customization. Therefore, reusing information can create unprecedented opportunities in advancing the theory, method, and practice of product design. To enable information reuse, different models must be aligned so that their similarity can be identified. This alignment is commonly known as the global registration that finds an optimal rigid transformation to align two 3D shapes (scene and model) without any assumptions on their initial positions. The Super 4-Points Congruent Sets (S4PCS) is a popular algorithm used for this shape registration. While S4PCS performs the registration using a set of four coplanar points, we find that incorporating the volumetric information of the models can improve the robustness and the efficiency of the algorithm, which are particularly important for mass customization. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm, Volumetric 4PCS (V4PCS), to extend the four coplanar points to noncoplanar ones for global registration, and theoretically demonstrate the computational complexity is significantly reduced. Experimental tests are conducted on several models such as tooth aligner and hearing aid to compare with S4PCS. The experimental results show that the proposed V4PCS can achieve a maximum of 20 times speedup and can successfully compute the valid transformation with very limited number of sample points. An application of the proposed method in mass customization is also investigated.

scholarly journals 3D Cell Neighbour Dynamics in Growing Pseudostratified Epithelia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold F. Gómez ◽  
Mathilde S. Dumont ◽  
Leonie Hodel ◽  
Roman Vetter ◽  
Dagmar Iber
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
Cell Segmentation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Light Sheet Microscopy ◽  
Cell Organization ◽  
Epithelial Sheets ◽  
Epithelial Layers ◽  
3D Shapes ◽  
Lateral Cell

ABSTRACTDuring morphogenesis, epithelial sheets remodel into complex geometries. How cells dynamically organize their contact with neighbouring cells in these tightly packed tissues is poorly understood. We have used light-sheet microscopy of growing mouse embryonic lung explants, three-dimensional cell segmentation, and physical theory to unravel the principles behind 3D cell organization in growing pseudostratified epithelia. We find that cells have highly irregular 3D shapes and exhibit numerous neighbour intercalations along the apical-basal axis as well as over time. Despite the fluidic nature, the cell packing configurations follow fundamental relationships previously described for apical epithelial layers, i.e., Euler’s formula, Lewis’ law, and Aboav-Weaire’s law, at all times and across the entire tissue thickness. This arrangement minimizes the lateral cell-cell surface energy for a given cross-sectional area variability, generated primarily by the distribution and movement of nuclei. We conclude that the complex 3D cell organization in growing epithelia emerges from simple physical principles.

Three-Dimensional Characterization of Morphology and Crystallography of a Gold Nanoisland Film

2021 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 1778-1783
Author(s):  
Wan Guan Zhu ◽  
Gui Lin Wu ◽  
Tian Lin Huang ◽  
Soeren Schmidt ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Orientation Mapping ◽  
Crystallographic Characteristics ◽  
3D Shapes ◽  
Nanoisland Film ◽  
Crystallographic Orientations

The morphological and crystallographic characteristics of noble metal nanoisland films play an important role in determining their properties, performance, and reliability. In this work we have applied a rapid three-dimensional orientation mapping technique in the transmission electron microscope (3D-OMiTEM) in the characterization of a gold nanoisland film. A volume of 200×1024×1024 nm3 has been analyzed, generating a 3D orientation map composed of more than 500 nanoislands and 7000 grains constituting the islands. The 3D shapes and sizes of individual islands and grains have been analyzed, revealing their true 3D morphological features and the correlation between the number of grains within individual islands and the size of the islands. The crystallographic orientations of the grains and the misorientations across the grain boundaries have been quantified, revealing a weak texture but a preferential presence of Σ3 and Σ9 grain boundaries in the gold nanoisland film.

3D PRINTERS - REALITY AND FUTURE. ASPECTS OF INFORMATION SECURITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 525-534
Author(s):  
Петр Юрьевич Филяк ◽  
Денис Алексеевич Пажинцев ◽  
Илья Алексеевич Тырин ◽  
Александр Григорьевич Остапенко ◽  
Юрий Юрьевич Громов
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Peripheral Device ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
3D Shapes ◽  
Very High

На сегодняшний день на современном уровне развития технического прогресса человечество разработало множество устройств и способов создания трехмерных тел (объемных тел), каждый из которых имеет как свои преимущества, так и недостатки. Среди этого перечня особого внимания заслуживают устройства, которые имеют целый ряд неоспоримых преимуществ. Во-первых, они позволяют тиражировать трехмерные тела практически в неограниченных количествах. Во-вторых, точность построения объемных фигур очень высока. В-третьих, они позволяют работать с любыми материалами, в зависимости от применения которых, могут получаться различные трехмерные объекты - от реальных строительных объектов - до реальных тканей и органов растительных и живых организмов. Причем объектов, как макроскопических размеров - десятки метров, так и микроскопических, вплоть до нано уровня. Эти устройства вошли в обиход под названием «3D - принтеры». 3D-принтер - это периферийное устройство для создания физического объекта путем послойного формирования его по его цифровой 3D-модели. Данное устройство тесно связано с нашей жизнью. С каждым днем человек находит новое применение для 3D-принтеров, эти устройства уже являются незаменимыми помощниками во многих сферах нашей жизнедеятельности. Создание 3D-принтера, несомненно, является технологическим прорывом. To date, at the current level of technological progress, humanity has developed many devices and ways to create three-dimensional bodies (volume bodies), each of which has both its advantages and disadvantages.khmer body almost unlimited quantities. Secondly, the accuracy of building 3D shapes is very high. Thirdly, they allow you to work with any materials, depending on the use of which, can be obtained a variety of three-dimensional objects - from real construction sites - to real tissues and organs of plant and living organisms. And objects, both macroscopic sizes - tens of meters, and microscopic, up to the nano level. These devices came into use under the name "3D printers." 3D-printer is a peripheral device for creating a physical object by layering it on its digital 3D-model.

Polymer origami: programming the folding with shape

e-Polymers ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid Ionov
Keyword(s):  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Paper Folding ◽  
Japanese Art ◽  
Challenging Research ◽  
Polymer Bilayers ◽  
3D Shapes

AbstractThe design of three-dimensional (3D) microstructures is an interesting, fascinating and highly challenging research topic. One of the very promising approaches for 3D microstructuring, inspired by the Japanese art of paper folding – origami, is based on self-folding films. Such films consist of two kinds of materials with different volume expansion properties and are able to form different structures ranging from simple tubes to highly complex 3D shapes. In this review, our recent progress in the design of polymer bilayers and understanding of their folding is summarized.

scholarly journals Forming three-dimensional closed shapes from two-dimensional soft ribbons by controlled buckling

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 171962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michio Aoki ◽  
Jia-Yang Juang
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Quantitative Agreement ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Hollow Structures ◽  
Strategic Design ◽  
Post Buckling ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
New Applications ◽  
3D Shapes

Conventional manufacturing techniques—moulding, machining and casting—exist to produce three-dimensional (3D) shapes. However, these industrial processes are typically geared for mass production and are not directly applicable to residential settings, where inexpensive and versatile tools are desirable. Moreover, those techniques are, in general, not adequate to process soft elastic materials. Here, we introduce a new concept of forming 3D closed hollow shapes from two-dimensional (2D) elastic ribbons by controlled buckling. We numerically and experimentally characterize how the profile and thickness of the ribbon determine its buckled shape. We find a 2D master profile with which various elliptical 3D shapes can be formed. More complex natural and artificial hollow shapes, such as strawberry, hourglass and wheel, can also be achieved via strategic design and pattern engraving on the ribbons. The nonlinear response of the post-buckling regime is rationalized through finite-element analysis, which shows good quantitative agreement with experiments. This robust fabrication should complement conventional techniques and provide a rich arena for future studies on the mechanics and new applications of elastic hollow structures.

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