3D PRINTERS - REALITY AND FUTURE. ASPECTS OF INFORMATION SECURITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 525-534
Author(s):  
Петр Юрьевич Филяк ◽  
Денис Алексеевич Пажинцев ◽  
Илья Алексеевич Тырин ◽  
Александр Григорьевич Остапенко ◽  
Юрий Юрьевич Громов
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Peripheral Device ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
3D Shapes ◽  
Very High

На сегодняшний день на современном уровне развития технического прогресса человечество разработало множество устройств и способов создания трехмерных тел (объемных тел), каждый из которых имеет как свои преимущества, так и недостатки. Среди этого перечня особого внимания заслуживают устройства, которые имеют целый ряд неоспоримых преимуществ. Во-первых, они позволяют тиражировать трехмерные тела практически в неограниченных количествах. Во-вторых, точность построения объемных фигур очень высока. В-третьих, они позволяют работать с любыми материалами, в зависимости от применения которых, могут получаться различные трехмерные объекты - от реальных строительных объектов - до реальных тканей и органов растительных и живых организмов. Причем объектов, как макроскопических размеров - десятки метров, так и микроскопических, вплоть до нано уровня. Эти устройства вошли в обиход под названием «3D - принтеры». 3D-принтер - это периферийное устройство для создания физического объекта путем послойного формирования его по его цифровой 3D-модели. Данное устройство тесно связано с нашей жизнью. С каждым днем человек находит новое применение для 3D-принтеров, эти устройства уже являются незаменимыми помощниками во многих сферах нашей жизнедеятельности. Создание 3D-принтера, несомненно, является технологическим прорывом. To date, at the current level of technological progress, humanity has developed many devices and ways to create three-dimensional bodies (volume bodies), each of which has both its advantages and disadvantages.khmer body almost unlimited quantities. Secondly, the accuracy of building 3D shapes is very high. Thirdly, they allow you to work with any materials, depending on the use of which, can be obtained a variety of three-dimensional objects - from real construction sites - to real tissues and organs of plant and living organisms. And objects, both macroscopic sizes - tens of meters, and microscopic, up to the nano level. These devices came into use under the name "3D printers." 3D-printer is a peripheral device for creating a physical object by layering it on its digital 3D-model.

scholarly journals Formation of practical skills modeling and printing of three-dimensional objects in the process of professional training of IT specialists

2020 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 10016
Author(s):  
Ihor Hevko ◽  
Olha Potapchuk ◽  
Taras Sіtkar ◽  
Iryna Lutsyk ◽  
Pavlo Koliasa
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Professional Competencies ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Modeling ◽  
3D Printers

The article discusses the current technology of three-dimensional modeling and prospects for its implementation in the structure of the modern system of professional training of IT specialists according to the concepts of sustainable development. The problems have been actualized and the methodology for three-dimensional modeling and printing has been proposed by using modern software, in particular, the features of using the basic core of geometric design and software preparation of the model for printing have been presented. An algorithm for the formation of practical skills of students in hardware preparation and calibration of 3D printers, the adjustment of the main technological parameters of work, preparation for the manufacture of a spatial model has been proposed. The developed algorithm promotes to the formation of practical skills of modeling and printing three-dimensional objects in future IT-specialists of vocational education, contributes to the formation of their professional competencies. In turn, this contributes to the formation of professional competencies among future IT specialists and creates the need for systematic improvement of knowledge and their creative implementation in practice with a more efficient use of IT technologies, which is the basis in solving the problems of sustainable development of society.

scholarly journals Study of the possibilities of 3D printing in ship modeling using the example of manufacturing a model of a small vessel for hydrodynamic testing in an experimental pool

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Vladimirovich Dektyarev ◽  
Pavel Gennadievich Zobov ◽  
Pavel Romanovich Grishin ◽  
Vladimir Nikolaevich Morozov
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Scanning ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Geometric Shapes ◽  
Adhesive Compound ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Test Pool ◽  
Hydrodynamic Testing

Abstract The relevance of the work is determined by a fundamentally new direction of 3D printing in the manufacture of ship models for hydrodynamic testing. In this paper, we study the towing drag of a model of a small boat manufactured using additive three-dimensional printing technologies. Based on the dimensions of the 3D printers used and the technological parameters of working with them, as well as the design features of the test pool, small-sized vessels of a series of kayaks, kayaks and canoes, which are of sufficient length, but not too wide and high, were investigated as a prototype of the future model, which is ideal under the methods of additive manufacturing. A base of prototypes of vessels of this class has been compiled and a rationale has been given for the choice of the prototype vessel itself for research, including an analysis of the design of the vessels presented, the availability of design and technological documentation, as well as technological schemes for manufacturing the model. A 3D model of the vessel was developed, its optimization for 3D printing and analysis of geometric shapes for deviations from ITTC requirements. The study of deviations of the geometric shapes of the ship model from shrinkage deformations was carried out using 3D scanning with the development of a technological scheme for describing this process. When developing a 3D model, in the process of 3D printing, as well as processing the results of 3D scanning, modern software tools — FreeShip, Autodesk Inventor, Cloud Compare, and others — were used in the work. In the manufacture of the model, the new DPA adhesive compound formula was used, able to provide durable joints for PLA plastic products. It was found that the measurements prove the possibility of using 3D printing for the production of ship models for hydrodynamic testing, subject to all the nuances of the technology.

scholarly journals Modeling in AUTOCAD for bachelors

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Л.В. Карпюк ◽  
Н.О. Давіденко
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Model Space ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Graphic Editor

The article discusses the methods of using the AutoCad graphic editor for creating three-dimensional objects. The possibilities of three-dimensional modeling in the AutoCad graphic editor for optimizing the educational process of bachelors of technical specialties are also considered. The article analyzes the best ways to create mechanical engineering drawings.The most developed software tool for the production of design documentation is AutoCAD - a universal graphic design system. Creating models of any complexity in space by using this graphic editor, the user will be able to see their relative position, estimate the distance between them. The model can be freely moved in space, viewing many options. The ability to control the point of view allows to conveniently select the view of the 3D model that is being developed. Zooming, panning in real time with the ability to freely rotate the camera around the model provide the ability to quickly view objects from any point of view. The article provides examples of choosing the most optimal option for creating a three-dimensional model. The traditional way to create a 3D model drawing is to make 2D views of the model. When creating a flat drawing, there is a possibility of error when making projections, since they are created independently from each other and consist of several images. It is rather difficult to represent an object in space from a flat drawing. At present, modern software graphic editors are aimed at creating three-dimensional models that allow to create realistic models and, on their basis, get two-dimensional projections. Graphic editor AutoCad allows to create three-dimensional objects based on standard commands, in the form of a cylinder, cone, box, torus, etc., when editing which you can get the desired shapes. After creating a three-dimensional model, the user can get its two-dimensional projections not only on the main planes, but also on any plane at will. The 3D modeling method allows you to create a complex drawing with any number of images based on a 3D model. There are ways to create 2D plane drawings from a 3D model and the ability to edit ready-made designs that can be inserted from model space into paper space. Editing takes place by changing the parameters of a 3D object in model space, and these changes are automatically reflected in paper space. This method allows us to use the tools to quickly create a system of 3-4 linked views for a 3D AutoCad model.

3D Printing: Basic Concepts Mathematics and Technologies

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Alexander Rompas ◽  
Charalampos Tsirmpas ◽  
Ianos Papatheodorou ◽  
Georgia Koutsouri ◽  
Dimitris Koutsouris
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Stl File ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Object Layer

3D printing is about being able to print any object layer by layer. But if one questions this proposition, can one find any three-dimensional objects that can't be printed layer by layer? To banish any disbeliefs the authors walked together through the mathematics that prove 3d printing is feasible for any real life object. 3d printers create three-dimensional objects by building them up layer by layer. The current generation of 3d printers typically requires input from a CAD program in the form of an STL file, which defines a shape by a list of triangle vertices. The vast majority of 3d printers use two techniques, FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) and PBP (Powder Binder Printing). One advanced form of 3d printing that has been an area of increasing scientific interest the recent years is bioprinting. Cell printers utilizing techniques similar to FDM were developed for bioprinting. These printers give us the ability to place cells in positions that mimic their respective positions in organs. Finally, through a series of case studies the authors show that 3d printers have made a massive breakthrough in medicine lately.

Three-dimensional fault geometry and kinematics of the 2008 M 7.1 Yutian earthquake revealed by very-high resolution satellite stereo imagery

2019 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 111300
Author(s):  
Xiaogang Song ◽  
Nana Han ◽  
Xinjian Shan ◽  
Chisheng Wang ◽  
Yingfeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fault Geometry ◽  
Stereo Imagery ◽  
Very High ◽  
Geometry And Kinematics

scholarly journals Fast Overlap Detection between Hard-Core Colloidal Cuboids and Spheres. The OCSI Algorithm

Algorithms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Luca Tonti ◽  
Alessandro Patti
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hard Core ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Aggregation Behaviour ◽  
Sphere Radius ◽  
User Friendly

Collision between rigid three-dimensional objects is a very common modelling problem in a wide spectrum of scientific disciplines, including Computer Science and Physics. It spans from realistic animation of polyhedral shapes for computer vision to the description of thermodynamic and dynamic properties in simple and complex fluids. For instance, colloidal particles of especially exotic shapes are commonly modelled as hard-core objects, whose collision test is key to correctly determine their phase and aggregation behaviour. In this work, we propose the Oriented Cuboid Sphere Intersection (OCSI) algorithm to detect collisions between prolate or oblate cuboids and spheres. We investigate OCSI’s performance by bench-marking it against a number of algorithms commonly employed in computer graphics and colloidal science: Quick Rejection First (QRI), Quick Rejection Intertwined (QRF) and a vectorized version of the OBB-sphere collision detection algorithm that explicitly uses SIMD Streaming Extension (SSE) intrinsics, here referred to as SSE-intr. We observed that QRI and QRF significantly depend on the specific cuboid anisotropy and sphere radius, while SSE-intr and OCSI maintain their speed independently of the objects’ geometry. While OCSI and SSE-intr, both based on SIMD parallelization, show excellent and very similar performance, the former provides a more accessible coding and user-friendly implementation as it exploits OpenMP directives for automatic vectorization.

scholarly journals Direct 3D model extraction method for color volume images

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Shujun Liu ◽  
Guanning Shang ◽  
Yanjie Chen ◽  
Qifeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laplacian Matrix ◽  
Segmentation Method ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Model Segmentation ◽  
Treatment Objective ◽  
Organ Models ◽  
Different Parts

BACKGROUND: There is a great demand for the extraction of organ models from three-dimensional (3D) medical images in clinical medicine diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to aid doctors in seeing the real shape of human organs more clearly and vividly. METHODS: The method uses the minimum eigenvectors of Laplacian matrix to automatically calculate a group of basic matting components that can properly define the volume image. These matting components can then be used to build foreground images with the help of a few user marks. RESULTS: We propose a direct 3D model segmentation method for volume images. This is a process of extracting foreground objects from volume images and estimating the opacity of the voxels covered by the objects. CONCLUSIONS: The results of segmentation experiments on different parts of human body prove the applicability of this method.

scholarly journals Shell-crossing in a ΛCDM Universe

2020 ◽  
Vol 501 (1) ◽  
pp. L71-L75
Author(s):  
Cornelius Rampf ◽  
Oliver Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cold Dark Matter ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Random Initial Data ◽  
Recursion Relations ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
First Time ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT Perturbation theory is an indispensable tool for studying the cosmic large-scale structure, and establishing its limits is therefore of utmost importance. One crucial limitation of perturbation theory is shell-crossing, which is the instance when cold-dark-matter trajectories intersect for the first time. We investigate Lagrangian perturbation theory (LPT) at very high orders in the vicinity of the first shell-crossing for random initial data in a realistic three-dimensional Universe. For this, we have numerically implemented the all-order recursion relations for the matter trajectories, from which the convergence of the LPT series at shell-crossing is established. Convergence studies performed at large orders reveal the nature of the convergence-limiting singularities. These singularities are not the well-known density singularities at shell-crossing but occur at later times when LPT already ceased to provide physically meaningful results.

scholarly journals The Effect of Material Properties on the Perceived Shape of Three-Dimensional Objects

i-Perception ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 204166952098231
Author(s):  
Masakazu Ohara ◽  
Juno Kim ◽  
Kowa Koida
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Viewing Condition ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Transparent Objects ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Local Root ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape

Perceiving the shape of three-dimensional objects is essential for interacting with them in daily life. If objects are constructed from different materials, can the human visual system accurately estimate their three-dimensional shape? We varied the thickness, motion, opacity, and specularity of globally convex objects rendered in a photorealistic environment. These objects were presented under either dynamic or static viewing condition. Observers rated the overall convexity of these objects along the depth axis. Our results show that observers perceived solid transparent objects as flatter than the same objects rendered with opaque reflectance properties. Regional variation in local root-mean-square image contrast was shown to provide information that is predictive of perceived surface convexity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document