Programmable and reversible assembly of soft capillary multipoles

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhye Bae ◽  
Nakul P. Bende ◽  
Arthur A. Evans ◽  
Jun-Hee Na ◽  
Christian D. Santangelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hydrogel Particles ◽  
Stimulus Responsive ◽  
3D Shapes

The capillary assembly of stimulus-responsive hydrogel particles with programmed multipolar interactions defined by their prescribed three-dimensional (3D) shapes is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Two-photon polymerization nanolithography technology for fabrication of stimulus-responsive micro/nano-structures for biomedical applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1118-1136
Author(s):  
Zhenjia Huang ◽  
Gary Chi-Pong Tsui ◽  
Yu Deng ◽  
Chak-Yin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fabrication Technology ◽  
Nano Fabrication ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Nano Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stimulus Responsive ◽  
Two Photon Polymerization

AbstractMicro/nano-fabrication technology via two-photon polymerization (TPP) nanolithography is a powerful and useful manufacturing tool that is capable of generating two dimensional (2D) to three dimensional (3D) arbitrary micro/nano-structures of various materials with a high spatial resolution. This technology has received tremendous interest in cell and tissue engineering and medical microdevices because of its remarkable fabrication capability for sophisticated structures from macro- to nano-scale, which are difficult to be achieved by traditional methods with limited microarchitecture controllability. To fabricate precisely designed 3D micro/nano-structures for biomedical applications via TPP nanolithography, the use of photoinitiators (PIs) and photoresists needs to be considered comprehensively and systematically. In this review, widely used commercially available PIs are first discussed, followed by elucidating synthesis strategies of water-soluble initiators for biomedical applications. In addition to the conventional photoresists, the distinctive properties of customized stimulus-responsive photoresists are discussed. Finally, current limitations and challenges in the material and fabrication aspects and an outlook for future prospects of TPP for biomedical applications based on different biocompatible photosensitive composites are discussed comprehensively. In all, this review provides a basic understanding of TPP technology and important roles of PIs and photoresists for fabricating high-precision stimulus-responsive micro/nano-structures for a wide range of biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Integrated 3D Hydrogel Waveguide Out-Coupler by Step-and-Repeat Thermal Nanoimprint Lithography: A Promising Sensor Device for Water and pH

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achille Francone ◽  
Timothy Kehoe ◽  
Isabel Obieta ◽  
Virginia Saez-Martinez ◽  
Leire Bilbao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Nanoimprint Lithography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Sensor Device ◽  
Stimulus Responsive ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Small Change ◽  
Set Up

Hydrogel materials offer many advantages for chemical and biological sensoring due to their response to a small change in their environment with a related change in volume. Several designs have been outlined in the literature in the specific field of hydrogel-based optical sensors, reporting a large number of steps for their fabrication. In this work we present a three-dimensional, hydrogel-based sensor the structure of which is fabricated in a single step using thermal nanoimprint lithography. The sensor is based on a waveguide with a grating readout section. A specific hydrogel formulation, based on a combination of PEGDMA (Poly(Ethylene Glycol DiMethAcrylate)), NIPAAm (N-IsoPropylAcrylAmide), and AA (Acrylic Acid), was developed. This stimulus-responsive hydrogel is sensitive to pH and to water. Moreover, the hydrogel has been modified to be suitable for fabrication by thermal nanoimprint lithography. Once stimulated, the hydrogel-based sensor changes its topography, which is characterised physically by AFM and SEM, and optically using a specific optical set-up.

Geometric Accuracy Prediction for Additive Manufacturing Through Machine Learning of Triangular Mesh Data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Decker ◽  
Qiang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Triangular Mesh ◽  
Geometric Accuracy ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
3D Shapes ◽  
Complex Parts

Abstract While additive manufacturing has seen tremendous growth in recent years, a number of challenges remain, including the presence of substantial geometric differences between a three dimensional (3D) printed part, and the shape that was intended. There are a number of approaches for addressing this issue, including statistical models that seek to account for errors caused by the geometry of the object being printed. Currently, these models are largely unable to account for errors generated in freeform 3D shapes. This paper proposes a new approach using machine learning with a set of predictors based on the geometric properties of the triangular mesh file used for printing. A direct advantage of this method is the simplicity with which it can describe important properties of a 3D shape and allow for predictive modeling of dimensional inaccuracies for complex parts. To evaluate the efficacy of this approach, a sample dataset of 3D printed objects and their corresponding deviations was generated. This dataset was used to train a random forest machine learning model and generate predictions of deviation for a new object. These predicted deviations were found to compare favorably to the actual deviations, demonstrating the potential of this approach for applications in error prediction and compensation.

scholarly journals Additive lattice kirigami

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. e1601258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toen Castle ◽  
Daniel M. Sussman ◽  
Michael Tanis ◽  
Randall D. Kamien
Keyword(s):  
Gaussian Curvature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
3D Structures ◽  
Flat Sheet ◽  
Simple Rules ◽  
New Material ◽  
3D Shapes ◽  
Huge Variety

Kirigami uses bending, folding, cutting, and pasting to create complex three-dimensional (3D) structures from a flat sheet. In the case of lattice kirigami, this cutting and rejoining introduces defects into an underlying 2D lattice in the form of points of nonzero Gaussian curvature. A set of simple rules was previously used to generate a wide variety of stepped structures; we now pare back these rules to their minimum. This allows us to describe a set of techniques that unify a wide variety of cut-and-paste actions under the rubric of lattice kirigami, including adding new material and rejoining material across arbitrary cuts in the sheet. We also explore the use of more complex lattices and the different structures that consequently arise. Regardless of the choice of lattice, creating complex structures may require multiple overlapping kirigami cuts, where subsequent cuts are not performed on a locally flat lattice. Our additive kirigami method describes such cuts, providing a simple methodology and a set of techniques to build a huge variety of complex 3D shapes.

Conceptual Three-Dimensional Modeling Using Intuitive Gesture-Based Midair Three-Dimensional Sketching Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinmiao Huang ◽  
Rahul Rai
Keyword(s):  
User Study ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Interaction Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Novice Users ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
3D Shapes

We introduce an intuitive gesture-based interaction technique for creating and manipulating simple three-dimensional (3D) shapes. Specifically, the developed interface utilizes low-cost depth camera to capture user's hand gesture as the input, maps different gestures to system commands and generates 3D models from midair 3D sketches (as opposed to traditional two-dimensional (2D) sketches). Our primary contribution is in the development of an intuitive gesture-based interface that enables novice users to rapidly construct conceptual 3D models. Our development extends current works by proposing both design and technical solutions to the challenges of the gestural modeling interface for conceptual 3D shapes. The preliminary user study results suggest that the developed framework is intuitive to use and able to create a variety of 3D conceptual models.

scholarly journals Nucleic acid-based nanoengineering: novel structures for biomedical applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 702-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanying Li ◽  
Thomas H. LaBean ◽  
Kam W. Leong
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Single Molecule Level ◽  
Stimulus Responsive ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
Novel Structures

Nanoengineering exploits the interactions of materials at the nanometre scale to create functional nanostructures. It relies on the precise organization of nanomaterials to achieve unique functionality. There are no interactions more elegant than those governing nucleic acids via Watson–Crick base-pairing rules. The infinite combinations of DNA/RNA base pairs and their remarkable molecular recognition capability can give rise to interesting nanostructures that are only limited by our imagination. Over the past years, creative assembly of nucleic acids has fashioned a plethora of two-dimensional and three-dimensional nanostructures with precisely controlled size, shape and spatial functionalization. These nanostructures have been precisely patterned with molecules, proteins and gold nanoparticles for the observation of chemical reactions at the single molecule level, activation of enzymatic cascade and novel modality of photonic detection, respectively. Recently, they have also been engineered to encapsulate and release bioactive agents in a stimulus-responsive manner for therapeutic applications. The future of nucleic acid-based nanoengineering is bright and exciting. In this review, we will discuss the strategies to control the assembly of nucleic acids and highlight the recent efforts to build functional nucleic acid nanodevices for nanomedicine.

scholarly journals V4PCS: Volumetric 4PCS Algorithm for Global Registration

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jida Huang ◽  
Tsz-Ho Kwok ◽  
Chi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Mass Customization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Rigid Transformation ◽  
Shape Registration ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Global Registration ◽  
Information Reuse ◽  
3D Shapes

With the advances in three-dimensional (3D) scanning and sensing technologies, massive human-related data are now available and create many applications in data-driven design. Similarity identification is one of the basic problems in data-driven design and can facilitate many engineering applications and product paradigm such as quality control and mass customization. Therefore, reusing information can create unprecedented opportunities in advancing the theory, method, and practice of product design. To enable information reuse, different models must be aligned so that their similarity can be identified. This alignment is commonly known as the global registration that finds an optimal rigid transformation to align two 3D shapes (scene and model) without any assumptions on their initial positions. The Super 4-Points Congruent Sets (S4PCS) is a popular algorithm used for this shape registration. While S4PCS performs the registration using a set of four coplanar points, we find that incorporating the volumetric information of the models can improve the robustness and the efficiency of the algorithm, which are particularly important for mass customization. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm, Volumetric 4PCS (V4PCS), to extend the four coplanar points to noncoplanar ones for global registration, and theoretically demonstrate the computational complexity is significantly reduced. Experimental tests are conducted on several models such as tooth aligner and hearing aid to compare with S4PCS. The experimental results show that the proposed V4PCS can achieve a maximum of 20 times speedup and can successfully compute the valid transformation with very limited number of sample points. An application of the proposed method in mass customization is also investigated.

scholarly journals 3D Cell Neighbour Dynamics in Growing Pseudostratified Epithelia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold F. Gómez ◽  
Mathilde S. Dumont ◽  
Leonie Hodel ◽  
Roman Vetter ◽  
Dagmar Iber
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
Cell Segmentation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Light Sheet Microscopy ◽  
Cell Organization ◽  
Epithelial Sheets ◽  
Epithelial Layers ◽  
3D Shapes ◽  
Lateral Cell

ABSTRACTDuring morphogenesis, epithelial sheets remodel into complex geometries. How cells dynamically organize their contact with neighbouring cells in these tightly packed tissues is poorly understood. We have used light-sheet microscopy of growing mouse embryonic lung explants, three-dimensional cell segmentation, and physical theory to unravel the principles behind 3D cell organization in growing pseudostratified epithelia. We find that cells have highly irregular 3D shapes and exhibit numerous neighbour intercalations along the apical-basal axis as well as over time. Despite the fluidic nature, the cell packing configurations follow fundamental relationships previously described for apical epithelial layers, i.e., Euler’s formula, Lewis’ law, and Aboav-Weaire’s law, at all times and across the entire tissue thickness. This arrangement minimizes the lateral cell-cell surface energy for a given cross-sectional area variability, generated primarily by the distribution and movement of nuclei. We conclude that the complex 3D cell organization in growing epithelia emerges from simple physical principles.

Three-Dimensional Characterization of Morphology and Crystallography of a Gold Nanoisland Film

2021 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 1778-1783
Author(s):  
Wan Guan Zhu ◽  
Gui Lin Wu ◽  
Tian Lin Huang ◽  
Soeren Schmidt ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Orientation Mapping ◽  
Crystallographic Characteristics ◽  
3D Shapes ◽  
Nanoisland Film ◽  
Crystallographic Orientations

The morphological and crystallographic characteristics of noble metal nanoisland films play an important role in determining their properties, performance, and reliability. In this work we have applied a rapid three-dimensional orientation mapping technique in the transmission electron microscope (3D-OMiTEM) in the characterization of a gold nanoisland film. A volume of 200×1024×1024 nm3 has been analyzed, generating a 3D orientation map composed of more than 500 nanoislands and 7000 grains constituting the islands. The 3D shapes and sizes of individual islands and grains have been analyzed, revealing their true 3D morphological features and the correlation between the number of grains within individual islands and the size of the islands. The crystallographic orientations of the grains and the misorientations across the grain boundaries have been quantified, revealing a weak texture but a preferential presence of Σ3 and Σ9 grain boundaries in the gold nanoisland film.

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