Water Saving Management Contract, identification and ranking of risks based on life cycle and best-worst method

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 127153
Author(s):  
Weimin Ma ◽  
Xiaona Li ◽  
Xiaosheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Management Contract ◽  
Best Worst Method

EU demonstration project for separate discharge and treatment of urine, faeces and greywater – Part I: Results

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peter-Fröhlich ◽  
L. Pawlowski ◽  
A. Bonhomme ◽  
M. Oldenburg
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Demonstration Project ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Reduction ◽  
Special Case

The main aim of this EU demonstration project was to test two new sanitation concepts to determine if these concepts are more sustainable, compared with the conventional sanitation system, particularly with regard to nutrient recycling. Two different sanitation concepts were tested. One concept comprised the use of gravity separation toilets, the other used vacuum separation toilets. Results from a life-cycle-assessment investigation show that the new sanitation concepts are more sustainable. A cost analysis for an existing residential area did not prove lower costs for the new sanitation concepts in this special case. The experience from this demonstration project shows that prior to a widespread use of the new sanitation concepts, several improvements have to be made. One important issue is the improvement of separation toilets. Since nutrient recycling, water saving and reuse as well energy reduction become more and more important, further research should be undertaken in this field.

scholarly journals The Life Cycle CO2 (LCCO2) Evaluation of Retrofits for Water-Saving Fittings

Water ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 629-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasutoshi Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Water Saving

scholarly journals A risk assessment model of WSMC projects under emergencies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaosheng Wang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Haiying Guo ◽  
Ran Li
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Management Contract ◽  
The Impact

Abstract As a novel market-based water-saving mechanism, the Water Saving Management Contract (WSMC) project faces interruption risk caused by emergencies like the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. An interruption risk assessment model of WSMC projects is established through a quantitative evaluation of the impact of emergencies on water users based on input-output theory. First, the concept of the interruption risk index (IRI) is defined as a function of the duration of enterprise shutdown (DES). Second, the DES is divided into two parts: the duration caused by COVID-19 and the that under other types of emergencies. Third, the risk tolerance threshold is given to estimate the interruption result, and its different consequences are discussed. Finally, a WSMC project in China is taken as a case study, and its interruption risks are analysed. The results show that the IRIs of this WSMC in both 2020 and 2021 are theoretically greater than the risk tolerance thresholds, and the high pandemic prevention standards and conservative pandemic estimates are the main reasons for the above results. The model established in this study provides a reference for WSMC participants to deal with emergencies and provides the theoretical support for the extension of the WSMC.

scholarly journals Centralized or Decentralized Rainwater Harvesting Systems: A Case Study

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Słyś ◽  
Agnieszka Stec
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
World Population ◽  
Housing Estate ◽  
Financial Efficiency ◽  
Central System

World population growth, climate changes, urbanization, and industrialization have all had a negative impact on natural resources, including water resources. Excessive exploitation and pollution have caused more and more regions to have problems with access to fresh water. Rainwater is perceived as a valuable alternative source of water that is most often used in a hybrid system supplementing tap water. Considering the possibilities of designing a rainwater harvesting system as a decentralized or central system, this research was undertaken to determine the hydraulic and financial efficiency of these two systems. The research was carried out for a single-family housing estate located in Poland. For this research, a simulation model was applied to determine the efficiency of water saving and the life cycle cost indicator. In variants where rainwater was only used to flush toilets, the water saving efficiency was 80% and 79% for the decentralized and centralized rainwater harvesting system (RWHS), respectively. The use of rainwater for toilet flushing and watering the garden resulted in a significant reduction in efficiency to 57% (the decentralized system) and 54% (the centralized system). On the other hand, the results of the life cycle cost (LCC) analysis showed that in spite of reducing tap water consumption, both the centralized and the decentralized rainwater harvesting system were not financially viable solutions for the housing estate, and only cofinancing investments at the level of 25% to 50% resulted in a significant improvement in financial efficiency.

A real option-based valuation model for Shared Water Saving Management Contract

2021 ◽  
Vol 289 ◽  
pp. 125442
Author(s):  
Hao Hu ◽  
Xiaosheng Wang ◽  
Zhichao Gao ◽  
Haiying Guo
Keyword(s):  
Real Option ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Valuation Model ◽  
Management Contract

scholarly journals Water-saving processes control of an airport

2018 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 05003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrii Bieliatynskyi ◽  
Liudmyla Osipa ◽  
Bogdan Kornienko
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Technological Systems ◽  
Wastewater Purification ◽  
Logical Scheme ◽  
The Given

This article presents a systematic approach to solving a problem with rational use of an airport’s water resources. Life cycle programming of the technological systems of wastewater purification allowed to consider comprehensively the problem of economical water consumption. The life cycle programming was adopted as the methodological basis for constructing a logical scheme of tasks of an airport’s water-saving processes. On the basis of the proposed logical tasks diagram it became possible to develop an algorithm and software for automatized control over airport’s water-saving processes. The purpose of the work is to implement a systematic approach for control over water-saving production aviation processes of the airport and representation of the developed algorithm for control. It may be concluded that the implementation of the given algorithm on the basis of computer technology will increase the efficiency of wastewater purification and significantly reduce the fresh water consumption.

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