scholarly journals Bubble distribution in fused quartz crucibles studied by micro X-Ray computational tomography. Comparing 2D and 3D analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 520 ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ove Paulsen ◽  
Stein Rørvik ◽  
Astrid M.F. Muggerud ◽  
Mari Juel
Keyword(s):  
3D Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bubble Distribution ◽  
Computational Tomography ◽  
Fused Quartz ◽  
2D And 3D

scholarly journals X-ray diffraction analysis of matter taking into account the second harmonic in the scattering of powerful ultrashort pulses of an electromagnetic field

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Eseev ◽  
A. A. Goshev ◽  
K. A. Makarova ◽  
D. N. Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Ultrashort Pulses ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scattering Spectra ◽  
Technical Possibility ◽  
2D And 3D

AbstractIt is well known that the scattering of ultrashort pulses (USPs) of an electromagnetic field in the X-ray frequency range can be used in diffraction analysis. When such USPs are scattered by various polyatomic objects, a diffraction pattern appears from which the structure of the object can be determined. Today, there is a technical possibility of creating powerful USP sources and the analysis of the scattering spectra of such pulses is a high-precision instrument for studying the structure of matter. As a rule, such scattering occurs at a frequency close to the carrier frequency of the incident USP. In this work, it is shown that for high-power USPs, where the magnetic component of USPs cannot be neglected, scattering at the second harmonic appears. The scattering of USPs by the second harmonic has a characteristic diffraction pattern which can be used to judge the structure of the scattering object; combining the scattering spectra at the first and second harmonics therefore greatly enhances the diffraction analysis of matter. Scattering spectra at the first and second harmonics are shown for various polyatomic objects: examples considered are 2D and 3D materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and hybrid structures consisting of nanotubes. The theory developed in this work can be applied to various multivolume objects and is quite simple for X-ray structural analysis, because it is based on analytical expressions.

scholarly journals Doppler Tomography in 2D and 3D of the X-ray Binary Cyg X-1 for June 2007

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S282) ◽  
pp. 201-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. I. Sharova ◽  
M. I. Agafonov ◽  
E. A. Karitskaya ◽  
N. G. Bochkarev ◽  
S. V. Zharikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binary System ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
Orbital Plane ◽  
National Observatory ◽  
Doppler Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe 2D and 3D Doppler tomograms of X-ray binary system Cyg X-1 (V1357 Cyg) were reconstructed from spectral data for the line HeII 4686Å obtained with 2-m telescope of the Peak Terskol Observatory (Russia) and 2.1-m telescope of the Mexican National Observatory in June, 2007. Information about gas motions outside the orbital plane, using all of the three velocity components Vx, Vy, Vz, was obtained for the first time. The tomographic reconstruction was carried out for the system inclination angle of 45°. The equal resolution (50 × 50 × 50 km/s) is realized in this case, in the orbital plane (Vx, Vy) and also in the perpendicular direction Vz. The checkout tomograms were realized also for the inclination angle of 40° because of the angle uncertainty. Two versions of the result showed no qualitative discrepancy. Details of the structures revealed by the 3D Doppler tomogram were analyzed.

X-ray Advances in Support of Advanced Packaging – Today and Tomorrow

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 000409-000414
Author(s):  
David Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Destructive Test ◽  
Heat Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Advanced Packaging ◽  
History Of ◽  
Production Output ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract As advanced packaging continues to develop to support novel and emerging technologies, the need for, ideally non-destructive, test and inspection continues to be vital to ensure the quality and assurance of functionality, wherever the package may go. This is made ever more difficult as the package complexity increases, whilst the feature sizes within continue to decrease. X-ray technology has long been an important part of the non-destructive inspection protocol over the history of advanced packaging and will continue to need to play a more important part in the future. This paper will review the advances made in both 2D and 3D X-ray inspection over recent years and the new opportunities that are now starting to be available, especially in 3D, or CT, inspection, that will enable this 120-year-old technology to remain relevant to and supportive of the needs of advanced packaging. To highlight the above, a case study will be presented on the faults that 2D and CT X-ray analysis can find in LEDs during their manufacture. LEDs are a good example of the remarkable developments in packaging and technology over the last 20 years, where the use of higher powers, smaller sized features and increased reliability requirements intensify the need for higher quality, more consistent production output. Flaws cannot be accepted, especially as higher usage powers mean higher operating temperatures which, in turn, then requires very good thermal conductivity in the package to move heat away from key areas. Without good heat dissipation then heat stresses at the interfaces can cause delamination or die fractures, so reducing LED lifetimes. The presence of voids, particularly at the die to package interface, creates air gaps that reduces heat transfer efficiency. As many LEDs are potted, or encapsulated, the only non-destructive test option to check for voiding and other faults is by using 2D and CT X-ray analysis.

scholarly journals Gold Exploration in Two and Three Dimensions: Improved and Correlative Insights from Microscopy and X-Ray Computed Tomography

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 476
Author(s):  
Joshua Chisambi ◽  
Bjorn von der Heyden ◽  
Muofhe Tshibalanganda ◽  
Stephan Le Roux
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Gold Mineralization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Space ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
2D And 3D

In this contribution, we highlight a correlative approach in which three-dimensional structural/positional data are combined with two dimensional chemical and mineralogical data to understand a complex orogenic gold mineralization system; we use the Kirk Range (southern Malawi) as a case study. Three dimensional structures and semi-quantitative mineral distributions were evaluated using X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) and this was augmented with textural, mineralogical and chemical imaging using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy as well as fire assay. Our results detail the utility of the correlative approach both for quantifying gold concentrations in core samples (which is often nuggety and may thus be misrepresented by quarter- or half-core assays), and for understanding the spatial distribution of gold and associated structures and microstructures in 3D space. This approach overlays complementary datasets from 2D and 3D analytical protocols, thereby allowing a better and more comprehensive understanding on the distribution and structures controlling gold mineralization. Combining 3D XCT analyses with conventional 2D microscopies derive the full value out of a given exploration drilling program and it provides an excellent tool for understanding gold mineralization. Understanding the spatial distribution of gold and associated structures and microstructures in 3D space holds vast potential for exploration practitioners, especially if the correlative approach can be automated and if the resultant spatially-constrained microstructural information can be fed directly into commercially available geological modelling software. The extra layers of information provided by using correlative 2D and 3D microscopies offer an exciting new tool to enhance and optimize mineral exploration workflows, given that modern exploration efforts are targeting increasingly complex and low-grade ore deposits.

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