Remaining fire resistance of steel frames following a moderate earthquake – A case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 105754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mian Zhou ◽  
Liming Jiang ◽  
Suwen Chen ◽  
Rui P.R. Cardoso ◽  
Asif Usmani
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Steel Frames ◽  
Moderate Earthquake

scholarly journals Case Study on Fire Resistance of Sandwiches for Means of Transport

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Pavel Koštial ◽  
Zora Koštialová Jančíková ◽  
Robert Frischer
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Aluminum Honeycomb ◽  
Heat Loads

These days there are undeniably unique materials that, however, must also meet demanding safety requirements. In the case of vehicles, these are undoubtedly excellent fire protection characteristics. The aim of the work is to experimentally verify the proposed material compositions for long-term heat loads and the effect of thickness, the number of laminating layers (prepregs) as well as structures with different types of cores (primarily honeycomb made of Nomex paper type T722 of different densities, aluminum honeycomb and PET foam) and composite coating based on a glass-reinforced phenolic matrix. The selected materials are suitable candidates for intelligent sandwich structures, usable especially for interior cladding applications in the industry for the production of means of public transport (e.g., train units, trams, buses, hybrid vehicles).

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE BASED DESIGN OF UNBRACED STEEL FRAMES EXPOSED TO NATURAL FIRE SCENARIOS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Couto ◽  
Thiago Silva ◽  
Martina Carić ◽  
Paulo Vila Real ◽  
Davor Skejić
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Steel Frames ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Performance Based Design ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
Buckling Coefficient ◽  
Structural Engineers

<p>According to the Eurocode 3 Part 1-2 (EN1993-1-2) (CEN 2005b), it is possible for structural engineers to consider physical based thermal actions and to do performance based design instead of using prescriptive rules based on nominal fire curves. However, some uncertainties remain in the use of such approaches. This study focus on the clarification of the use of the simplified design methods to assess the fire resistance of unbraced steel frames exposed to fire. On the other hand, a recent study (Couto et al. 2013) suggests the use of a buckling coefficient of 1.0 for all the columns except those belonging to the first storey of a pinned framed where 2.0 should be taken instead and it is unclear if the consideration of such values for the buckling lengths is adequate when using performance based designs.</p>In this study, a comparison is made between simple and advanced calculation models and it is demonstrated that the simple design methods, using the suggested buckling coefficients to calculate the fire resistance of the frames are safe sided when compared to the use of advanced calculations using the finite element method (FEM).

scholarly journals Practical Fire Safety Assessment of Steel-beam Floors Made According to the Old Technologies – an Exemplary Case Study. Influence of the Initial Assumptions on the Final Results of Analyses

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Artur Krol
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Steel Beam ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of this article is to present procedures and methodsfor assessing fire resistance of steel-beam floors with thejoists hidden within the thickness of the slab. These technologiesare currently experiencing their renaissance, both in contemporarilydesigned buildings and the existing ones, subjectedto comprehensive redevelopment, refurbishment or modernization.Due to their simplicity and ease of execution, these floorsare just perfect as technology ideal for repairs or alterations ofbuildings under use or in the case of need of complete replacementof existing floors with new ones. These arguments justifythe need to raise the subject of proper safety assessment of thesefloors in relation to the regulations and requirements of lawsapplicable in the EU and pursuant to provisions of the latestcodes for structural design. A significant part of the study consistsof a suggestive computational example, which is a sort ofguide, in which the author, by making detailed step-by-step calculationsproduces a finished pattern of procedure, intended formultiple use. The suggested method of procedure can be successfullyused in the assessment of the fire resistance of floorstructures with similar technical features. The computationalexample presented in the study shows that contrary to a popularbelief, the use of standard fire model does not always leadto conservative estimates. In the article summary, the authorformulates a number of practical applications and conclusions.

Seismic fragility assessment of steel frames for consequence-based engineering: A case study for Memphis, TN

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1115-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kursat Kinali ◽  
Bruce R. Ellingwood
Keyword(s):  
Steel Frames ◽  
Seismic Fragility

Behaviour of steel frames under fire conditions

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
D I Nwosu ◽  
VKR Kodur
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Steel Frames ◽  
Load Ratio ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Frame Structures ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Fire Conditions

A state-of-the-art review of the behaviour of steel frame structures in fire is presented. Results from different studies indicate that the behaviour of a complete structure is different from that of a single structural member under fire conditions from the point of view of fire resistance. Earlier studies also show that analysis and design of steel structures against fire based on their overall behaviour could lead to a reduction or the elimination of applied fire protection to certain structural members. The effects of continuity, restraint conditions, and load ratio on the fire resistance of frame structures are discussed. The beneficial aspects derived from considering overall structural rather than single-member behaviour in fire are illustrated through the analysis on two one-bay, one-storey, unprotected steel portal frames, a column, and a beam. Also comparison is made between the performance of a beam with different end restraints in fire. Results from the analyses indicate that the fire resistance of a member is increased when it is considered as part of a structure compared with when it is considered as a single member.Key words: steel, frames, fire resistance, buckling, loads, overall structural behaviour.

scholarly journals Fire resistance of concrete lining in road tunnels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meri Cvetkovska ◽  
Zlatko Slavoljub Zafirovski ◽  
Marijana Lazarevska ◽  
Ana Trombeva Gavriloska
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Concrete Lining ◽  
Road Tunnel ◽  
Road Tunnels ◽  
Tunnel Design ◽  
Fire Curve ◽  
The Impact

Fire is an incidental load on structures. Experience has shown that in the event of a fire, extremely high temperatures are developed, as a result of which very often a colapse of the tunnel bearing structure happens, usually caused by spalling of concrete. Road tunnel fires are usually caused by vehicles using the tunnel, but can also be caused by exidants, technical breakdowns in tunnel equipment or improper tunnel maintenance. The intensity and frequency of fires in the tunnels are function of several factors such as: length and geometry of the tunnel, density and type of traffic, vehicle speed, slope, availability of ventilation equipment and so on. All of these factors define the fire risk. Based on the defined fire risk, known fire load and location of the fire, it is possible to define the fire curve that defines the temperature in the tunnel versus time. Several fire curves, usually used in EU countries, will be described in this paper, the fire curves characteristics will be defined and the most proper fire curve for typical tunnel, as case study, will be recomended. In the framework of this paper, a methodology for fire resistance analysis of road tunnels, based on the performance, is elaborated. A numerical procedure for defining the behavior of the tunnel lining in case of nominal fire curve (standard fire) is described and applied on one case study. The impact of the fire on the stress-strain state of the concrete structure of a tunnel is analyzed and measures for proper tunnel design in terms of increasing the fire resistance is proposed.

Research of Fire Resistance of Elements of Steel Frames of Industrial Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 1038 ◽  
pp. 506-513
Author(s):  
Viktor Hvozd ◽  
Eugene Tishchenko ◽  
Andriy Berezovskyi ◽  
Stanislav Sidnei
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Steel Frames ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Computational Experiments ◽  
Industrial Buildings

The article considers and analyses the methods by which it is possible to carry out research to determine the fire resistance of elements of steel frames of industrial buildings. It is determined that it is expedient to use the means of computational fluid dynamics, which has no limitations due to the high cost, complexity, environmental friendliness and complexity in comparison with real experiments. In order to conduct the most reliable computational experiments, mathematical models of temperature and mechanical reaction to the thermal effect of fire were created, taking into account the equations of thermal conductivity, systems of differential equations of stress-strain state of solids in their numerical implementation based on the finite element method. The solution of mathematical models was carried out using computational fluid dynamics, which describes the process of heat and mass transfer in test fire furnaces during the determination of fire resistance of steel structures. According to the results of computational experiments it is shown that the limiting state of loss of bearing capacity of vertical and horizontal structures occurs due to the formation of a zone of plastic deformations taking into account the associative theory of plasticity. According to the results of computational experiments, the dependence of the limit of fire resistance on the level of applied load to structures, which is close to linear, was revealed. Based on the obtained dependences and the corresponding graphs, a technique is developed based on the use of maximum deformations of the elements with the corresponding fixation of the limit state on the loss of fire resistance in terms of bearing capacity by bending this curve.

scholarly journals VS30 Seismic Microzoning Based on a Geomorphology Map: Experimental Case Study of Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, and Lamphun, Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patcharavadee Thamarux ◽  
Masashi Matsuoka ◽  
Nakhorn Poovarodom ◽  
Junko Iwahashi
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Seismic Microzoning ◽  
Array Measurements ◽  
Moderate Earthquake ◽  
Geomorphological Units ◽  
Stiff Soil ◽  
Seismic Disaster

Thailand is not known to be an earthquake-prone country; however, in 2014, an unexpected moderate earthquake caused severe damage to infrastructure and resulted in public panic. This event caught public attention and raised awareness of national seismic disaster management. However, the expertise and primary data required for implementation of seismic disaster management are insufficient, including data on soil character which are used in amplification analyses for further ground motion prediction evaluations. Therefore, in this study, soil characterization was performed to understand the seismic responses of soil rigidity. The final output is presented in a seismic microzoning map. A geomorphology map was selected as the base map for the analysis. The geomorphology units were assigned with a time-averaged shear wave velocity of 30 m (VS30), which was collected by the spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) method of microtremor array measurements. The VS30 values were obtained from the phase velocity of the Rayleigh wave corresponding to a 40 m wavelength (C(40)). From the point feature, the VS30 values were transformed into polygonal features based on the geomorphological characteristics. Additionally, the automated geomorphology classification was explored in this study. Then, the seismic microzones were compared with the locations of major damage from the 2014 records for validation. The results from this study include geomorphological classification and seismic microzoning. The results suggest that the geomorphology units obtained from a pixel-based classification can be recommended for use in seismic microzoning. For seismic microzoning, the results show mainly stiff soil and soft rocks in the study area, and these geomorphological units have relatively high amplifications. The results of this study provide a valuable base map for further disaster management analyses.

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