Health outcomes of tourism development: A longitudinal study of the impact of tourism arrivals on residents’ health

IntroductionSouth Africa is a country known for its high levels of HIV infection and sexual violence. Although the interface between gender-based violence, HIV and mental health has been described, there are substantial gaps in knowledge of the medium-term and long-term health impact. The 2010 Global Burden of Disease study excluded many health outcomes associated with rape and other forms of gender-based violence because systematic reviews revealed huge gaps in data and poor evidence of health effects. This study aims to describe the incidence and attributable burden of physical and mental health problems (including HIV acquisition) in adult women over a 2-year postrape period, through comparison with a cohort of women who have not been raped. The study will substantially advance our understanding of the impact of rape and will generate robust data to assist in the development of postrape health services and the delivery of evidence-based care.Methods and analysisThis longitudinal study seeks to recruit 1008 rape-exposed and 1008 rape non-exposed women. Women were recruited from health services, and assessments were carried out at baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months. Outcome measures include exposure to risk factors; mental health status; cardio-metabolic risks; and biomarkers for HIV, sexually transmitted infections, pregnancy and stress. The primary analysis will be to compare HIV incidence in the two groups using log-rank tests. Appropriate models to predict health outcomes over time will also be applied.Ethics and disseminationThe South African Medical Research Council’s Ethics Committee approved the study. As rape is a key element of the study, the safety and protection of participants guides the research process. We will adopt a research uptake strategy to ensure dissemination to policy makers, service providers and advocacy groups. Peer-reviewed journal articles will be published.

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Initial cohort characteristics and protocol for SIGMA: An accelerated longitudinal study of environmental factors, inter- and intrapersonal processes, and mental health in adolescence

10.31234/osf.io/jp2fk ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Olivia J Kirtley ◽

Robin Achterhof ◽

Noëmi Hagemann ◽

Karlijn Susanna Francisca Maria Hermans ◽

Anu Pauliina Hiekkaranta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Daily Life ◽

Experience Sampling ◽

Environmental Risk Factors ◽

Mental Health Outcomes ◽

The Impact

Background: Over half of all mental health conditions have their onset in adolescence. Large-scale epidemiological studies have identified relevant environmental risk factors for mental health problems. Yet, few have focused on potential mediating inter- and intrapersonal processes in daily life, hampering intervention development. Objectives: To investigate 1) the impact of environmental risk factors on changes in inter- and intrapersonal processes; 2) the impact of altered inter- and intrapersonal processes on the development of (sub)clinical mental health symptoms in adolescents and; 3) the extent to which changes in inter- and intrapersonal processes mediate the association between environmental risk factors and the mental health outcomes in adolescents.Methods: ‘SIGMA’ is an accelerated longitudinal study of adolescents aged 12 to 18 from across Flanders, Belgium. Using self-report questionnaires, experience sampling, an experimental task, and wearables, we are investigating the relationship between environmental risk factors (e.g. trauma, parenting), inter- and intrapersonal processes (e.g. real-life social interaction and interpersonal functioning) and mental health outcomes (e.g. psychopathology, self-harm) over time. Results: N= 1913 adolescents (63% female) aged 11 – 20, from 22 schools, participated. The range of educational trajectories within the sample was broadly representative of the Flemish general adolescent population.Conclusions: Our findings will enable us to answer fundamental questions about inter- and intrapersonal processes involved in the development and maintenance of poor mental health in adolescence. This includes insights regarding the role of daily-life social and cognitive-affective processes, gained by using experience sampling. The accelerated longitudinal design enables rapid insights into developmental and cohort effects.

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Longitudinal study: understanding the lived experience of couples across the trajectory of dementia

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-021-02503-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mary S. Mittelman ◽

Maureen K. O’Connor ◽

Tiffany Donley ◽

Cynthia Epstein-Smith ◽

Andrew Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Physical Health ◽

Psychosocial Interventions ◽

Self Report ◽

Status Change ◽

Older Couples ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Global Quality Of Life ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background The longitudinal study, “Couples Lived Experiences,” focuses on whether and how relationship characteristics of older couples change with the cognitive decline of one member of the couple, and how these changes affect each individual’s emotional and physical health outcomes. Until now, most psychosocial research in dementia has focused either on the person with dementia (PWD) or the caregiver separately. The previous literature examining relationship characteristics and their role in outcomes for the caregiver and PWD is scant and suffers from methodological issues that limit the understanding of which relationship characteristics most influence outcomes for caregivers and care-receivers and what other factors may mitigate or exacerbate their effects. Methods We will enroll 300 dyads and collect information via online interviews of each member of the couple, every 6 months for 3 years. Relationship characteristics will be measured with a set of short, well-validated, and reliable self-report measures, plus the newly developed “Partnership Approach Questionnaire.” Outcomes include global quality of life, subjective physical health, mental health (depression and anxiety), and status change (transitions in levels of care; i.e., placement in a nursing home). Longitudinal data will be used to investigate how relationship characteristics are affected by cognitive, functional, and behavioral changes, and the impact of these changes on health outcomes. Qualitative data will also be collected to enrich the interpretation of results of quantitative analyses. Discussion Psychosocial interventions have demonstrated effectiveness in promoting the wellbeing of PWD and their caregivers. The knowledge gained from this study can lead to the development or enhancement of targeted interventions for older couples that consider the impact of cognitive and functional decline on the relationship between members of a couple and thereby improve their wellbeing. Trial registration This study has been registered with ClinicalTrials.gov. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier is: NCT04863495.

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The impact of social insurance on health among middle-aged and older adults in rural China: a longitudinal study using a three-wave nationwide survey

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09945-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xinxin Ma ◽

Takashi Oshio

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Social Insurance ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Rural China ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Many studies have examined the impact of social insurance on health, but the results have generally been mixed, presumably because they have not fully addressed potential biases related to the study’s cross-sectional design. In this study, we conducted a longitudinal analysis to investigate how participation in two social insurance programs in China—the New Rural Social Pension Insurance (NRSPI) and the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS)—was associated with health outcomes among middle-aged and older adults in rural China. Methods Using three-wave longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study conducted in 2011, 2013, and 2015, we estimated the dynamic fixed-effects regression models to examine the association between participation in the NRCMS/NRSPI and six types of health outcomes. Results Participation in the NRSPI was positively associated with some health outcomes, but the associations were relatively modest and were observed only for some specific age and household income groups. Participation in NRCMS was not associated with any health outcomes. Conclusions The results provide limited evidence of the positive impact of social insurance on health among middle-aged and older adults in rural China. Thus, social insurance programs should be reformed to enhance their positive impact on health.

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The well-being impacts of tourism: Long-term and short-term effects of tourism development on residents’ happiness

Tourism Economics ◽

10.1177/13548166211041227 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 135481662110412

Author(s):

Maksim Godovykh ◽

Jorge Ridderstaat ◽

Alan Fyall

Keyword(s):

Human Life ◽

Panel Data Analysis ◽

Tourism Development ◽

Well Being ◽

Short Term ◽

Tourism Research ◽

Positive Effects ◽

The Impact ◽

Tourism Arrivals

Well-being is considered one of the highest values in human life. Although previous studies have discussed the tourists’ well-being outcomes, the impact of tourism on residents’ happiness has received less empirical attention in tourism research. This study aims to explore the effects of tourism development on residents’ happiness in a group of countries by using panel data analysis. The results demonstrate that tourism arrivals negatively influence residents’ happiness in the short term and have positive effects on residents’ happiness in the long term. These findings contribute to describing the well-being impacts of tourism, differentiating between long- and short-term outcomes, and providing recommendations for destination management and tourism authorities.

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Using SITAR (SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation) to estimate age at peak height velocity in Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

Wellcome Open Research ◽

10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14708.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 90 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Monika Frysz ◽

Laura D. Howe ◽

Jonathan H. Tobias ◽

Lavinia Paternoster

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Pubertal Timing ◽

Peak Height ◽

Height Velocity ◽

Growth Spurt ◽

Peak Height Velocity ◽

Parents And Children ◽

The Impact ◽

Avon Longitudinal Study

Puberty is a time of substantial biological and psychological changes. One of the hallmarks of puberty is a rapid growth spurt, however its timing varies between individuals. The impact of pubertal timing on later health outcomes has been of interest in life course epidemiology, however its measurement can be challenging. Age at peak height velocity (aPHV) offers an objective measure of pubertal timing without having to rely on physical examination or self-report. We describe the derivation of aPHV estimates in Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) offspring, using Superimposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR) mixed effects growth curve analysis. ALSPAC is a rich source of phenotypic and genotypic data and given the importance of pubertal timing for later health outcomes, these data offer an opportunity to explore the determinants and consequences of aPHV.

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Using SITAR (SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation) to estimate age at peak height velocity in Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

Wellcome Open Research ◽

10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14708.2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 90 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Monika Frysz ◽

Laura D. Howe ◽

Jonathan H. Tobias ◽

Lavinia Paternoster

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Pubertal Timing ◽

Peak Height ◽

Height Velocity ◽

Growth Spurt ◽

Peak Height Velocity ◽

Parents And Children ◽

The Impact ◽

Avon Longitudinal Study

Puberty is a time of substantial biological and psychological changes. One of the hallmarks of puberty is a rapid growth spurt, however its timing varies between individuals. The impact of pubertal timing on later health outcomes has been of interest in life course epidemiology, however its measurement can be challenging. Age at peak height velocity (aPHV) offers an objective measure of pubertal timing without having to rely on physical examination or self-report. We describe the derivation of aPHV estimates in Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) offspring, using Superimposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR) mixed effects growth curve analysis. ALSPAC is a rich source of phenotypic and genotypic data and given the importance of pubertal timing for later health outcomes, these data offer an opportunity to explore the determinants and consequences of aPHV.

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The Impact of Social Insurance On Health Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults In Rural China: A Longitudinal Study Using A Three-Wave Nationwide Survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-70875/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xinxin Ma ◽

Takashi Oshio

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Health Outcome ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Social Insurance ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Rural China ◽

Middle Aged ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Many studies have examined the impact of social insurance on health but the results have generally been mixed, presumably because they have not fully addressed potential biases related to cross-sectional study design. In this study, we conducted a longitudinal analysis to investigate how participation in two social insurance programs in China—the New Rural Social Pension Insurance (NRSPI) and the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS)—was associated with health outcomes among middle-aged and older adults in rural China.Methods. Using three-wave longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study conducted in 2011, 2013, and 2015, we estimated the dynamic fixed-effects regression models to examine the association between participation in the NRCMS/NRSPI and six types of health outcome.Results. Participation in the NRSPI was positively associated with some health outcomes, but the associations were relatively modest and were observed only for some specific age and household income groups. Participation in the NRCMS was not associated with any health outcome.Conclusions. The results provide limited evidence of the positive impact of social insurance on health among middle-aged and older adults in rural China. Social insurance programs should be reformed to enhance their positive impact on health.

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