Bedding additives reduce ammonia emission and improve crop N uptake after soil application of solid cattle manure

Predicting leaching of residual soil nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) in wet climates is important for reducing risks of groundwater contamination and conserving soil N. The goal of this research was to determine the potential to use easily measurable or readily available soilclimatic-plant data that could be put into simple computer models and used to predict NO3 leaching under various management systems. Two computer programs were compared for their potential to predict monthly NO3-N leaching losses in western Oregon vegetable systems with or without cover crops. The models were a statistical multiple linear regression (MLR) model and the commercially available Nitrate Leaching and Economical Analysis Package model (NLEAP 1.13). The best MLR model found using stepwise regression to predict annual leachate NO3-N had four independent variables (log transformed fall soil NO3-N, leachate volume, summer crop N uptake, and N fertilizer rate) (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.57). Comparisons were made between NLEAP and field data for mass of NO3-N leached between the months of September and May from 1992 to 1997. Predictions with NLEAP showed greater correlation to observed data during high-rainfall years compared to dry or averagerainfall years. The model was found to be sensitive to yield estimates, but vegetation management choices were limiting for vegetable crops and for systems that included a cover crop.

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Impact of tillage and landscape position on nitrogen availability and yield of spring wheat in the Brown soil zone in southwestern Saskatchewan

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s97-065 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 563-572 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

V. Jowkin ◽

J. J. Schoenau

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Nitrogen Availability ◽

N Uptake ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

N Availability ◽

Inorganic N ◽

Brown Soil ◽

Soil Zone ◽

No Till ◽

Crop N Uptake

Nitrogen availability to a spring wheat crop was examined in the cropping season in a side-by-side comparison of no-till (first year) and tillage fallow in an undulating farm field in the Brown soil zone in southwestern Saskatchewan. Thirty different sampling points along a grid in each tillage landscape were randomly selected, representing 10 each of shoulder, footslope and level landscape positions. Nitrogen availability was studied i) by profile inorganic N content ii) by crop N uptake and yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and iii) by 15N tracer technique and in situ burial of anion exchange resin membranes (AEM).Pre-seeding available moisture content of the surface soil samples was significantly higher under no-till compared with tillage fallow. However, no significant differences in pre-seeding profile total inorganic N, crop N uptake and yield were observed between the treatments. At the landform scale, shoulder positions of the respective tillage systems had lower profile inorganic N, crop N uptake and yield compared with other slope positions. Soil N supply power, as determined by 15N tracer and AEM techniques, was not significantly different between the tillage treatments, indicating that N availability is not likely to be greatly affected in initial years by switching to no-till fallow in these soils under normal moisture conditions. Key words: Summerfallow, landscape, nitrogen, wheat

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Computer simulation of changes in soil mineral nitrogen and crop nitrogen during autumn, winter and spring

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600081089 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 109 (1) ◽

pp. 141-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 213

Author(s):

T. M. Addiscott ◽

A. P. Whitmore

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Dry Matter ◽

N Uptake ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Mineralization Rate ◽

Soil Mineral N ◽

Soil Mineral ◽

Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Mineral N ◽

Crop N Uptake

summaryThe computer model described simulates changes in soil mineral nitrogen and crop uptake of nitrogen by computing on a daily basis the amounts of N leached, mineralized, nitrified and taken up by the crop. Denitrification is not included at present. The leaching submodel divides the soil into layers, each of which contains mobile and immobile water. It needs points from the soil moisture characteristic, measured directly or derived from soil survey data; it also needs daily rainfall and evaporation. The mineralization and nitrification submodel assumes pseudo-zero order kinetics and depends on the net mineralization rate in the topsoil and the daily soil temperature and moisture content, the latter being computed in the leaching submodel. The crop N uptake and dry-matter production submodel is a simple function driven by degree days of soil temperature and needs in addition only the sowing date and the date the soil returns to field capacity, the latter again being computed in the leaching submodel. A sensitivity analysis was made, showing the effects of 30% changes in the input variables on the simulated amounts of soil mineral N and crop N present in spring when decisions on N fertilizer rates have to be made. Soil mineral N was influenced most by changes in rainfall, soil water content, mineralization rate and soil temperature, whilst crop N was affected most by changes in soil temperature, rainfall and sowing date. The model has so far been applied only to winter wheat growing through autumn, winter and spring but it should be adaptable to other crops and to a full season.The model was validated by comparing its simulations with measurements of soil mineral N, dry matter and the amounts of N taken up by winter wheat in experiments made at seven sites during 5 years. The simulations were assessed graphically and with the aid of several statistical summaries of the goodness of fit. The agreement was generally very good; over all years 72% of all simulations of soil mineral N to 90 cm depth were within 20 kg N/ha of the soil measurements; also 78% of the simulations of crop nitrogen uptake were within 15 kg N/ha and 63% of the simulated yields of dry matter were within 25 g/m2 of the amounts measured. All correlation coefficients were large, positive, and highly significant, and on average no statistically significant differences were found between simulation and measurement either for soil mineral N or for crop N uptake.

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Global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of the dynamic simulation of crop N uptake by using various N dilution curve approaches

European Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1016/j.eja.2020.126044 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 116 ◽

pp. 126044

Author(s):

Hao Liang ◽

Songjuan Gao ◽

Kelin Hu

Keyword(s):

Uncertainty Analysis ◽

Dynamic Simulation ◽

N Uptake ◽

Dilution Curve ◽

Global Sensitivity ◽

Crop N Uptake ◽

Sensitivity And Uncertainty Analysis

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A model for estimating seasonal trends of ammonia emission from cattle manure applied to grassland in the Netherlands

Atmospheric Environment ◽

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.10.050 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 173 ◽

pp. 231-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J.F.M. Huijsmans ◽

G.D. Vermeulen ◽

J.M.G. Hol ◽

P.W. Goedhart

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Ammonia Emission ◽

Seasonal Trends

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Use of the VegSyst model to calculate crop N uptake and ETc of different vegetable species grown in Mediterranean greenhouses

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2017.1192.12 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 105-112

Author(s):

M. Gallardo ◽

C. Gimenez ◽

M.D. Fernández ◽

F.M. Padilla ◽

R.B. Thompson

Keyword(s):

N Uptake ◽

Crop N Uptake

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Greenhouse gas (N2O and CH4) fluxes under nitrogen-fertilised dryland wheat and barley on subtropical Vertosols: risk, rainfall and alternatives

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr15338 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 54 (5) ◽

pp. 634 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Graeme D. Schwenke ◽

David F. Herridge ◽

Clemens Scheer ◽

David W. Rowlings ◽

Bruce M. Haigh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

N Uptake ◽

Nitrification Inhibitor ◽

N2o Emission ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

Soil Mineral N ◽

Soil Mineral ◽

Mineral N ◽

Before And After ◽

Ch4 Uptake ◽

Crop N Uptake

The northern Australian grains industry relies on nitrogen (N) fertiliser to optimise yield and protein, but N fertiliser can increase soil fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). We measured soil N2O and CH4 fluxes associated with wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) using automated (Expts 1, 3) and manual chambers (Expts 2, 4, 5). Experiments were conducted on subtropical Vertosol soils fertilised with N rates of 0–160kgNha–1. In Expt 1 (2010), intense rainfall for a month before and after sowing elevated N2O emissions from N-fertilised (80kgNha–1) wheat, with 417gN2O-Nha–1 emitted compared with 80g N2O-Nha–1 for non-fertilised wheat. Once crop N uptake reduced soil mineral N, there was no further treatment difference in N2O. Expt 2 (2010) showed similar results, however, the reduced sampling frequency using manual chambers gave a lower cumulative N2O. By contrast, very low rainfall before and for several months after sowing Expt 3 (2011) resulted in no difference in N2O emissions between N-fertilised and non-fertilised barley. N2O emission factors were 0.42, 0.20 and –0.02 for Expts 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In Expts 4 and 5 (2011), N2O emissions increased with increasing rate of N fertiliser. Emissions were reduced by 45% when the N fertiliser was applied in a 50:50 split between sowing and mid-tillering, or by 70% when urea was applied with the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole-phosphate. Methane fluxes were typically small and mostly negative in all experiments, especially in dry soils. Cumulative CH4 uptake ranged from 242 to 435g CH4-Cha–1year–1, with no effect of N fertiliser treatment. Considered in terms of CO2 equivalents, soil CH4 uptake offset 8–56% of soil N2O emissions, with larger offsets occurring in non-N-fertilised soils. The first few months from N fertiliser application to the period of rapid crop N uptake pose the main risk for N2O losses from rainfed cereal cropping on subtropical Vertosols, but the realisation of this risk is dependent on rainfall. Strategies that reduce the soil mineral N pool during this time can reduce the risk of N2O loss.

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Irrigation and lava meal use reduce ammonia emission and improve N utilization when solid cattle manure is applied to grassland

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment ◽

10.1016/j.agee.2011.07.017 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 160 ◽

pp. 59-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

G.M. Shah ◽

G.A. Shah ◽

J.C.J. Groot ◽

O. Oenema ◽

E.A. Lantinga

Keyword(s):

Cattle Manure ◽

Ammonia Emission ◽

N Utilization

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Nitrogen Requirements and N Status Determination of Lettuce

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.47.12.1768 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 47 (12) ◽

pp. 1768-1774 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Thomas G. Bottoms ◽

Richard F. Smith ◽

Michael D. Cahn ◽

Timothy K. Hartz

Keyword(s):

N Uptake ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Fertilizer Efficiency ◽

Residual Soil ◽

N Application ◽

Fresh Biomass ◽

N Concentration ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Crop N Uptake ◽

N Rates

As concern over NO3-N pollution of groundwater increases, California lettuce growers are under pressure to improve nitrogen (N) fertilizer efficiency. Crop growth, N uptake, and the value of soil and plant N diagnostic measures were evaluated in 24 iceberg and romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata L., and longifolia Lam., respectively) field trials from 2007 to 2010. The reliability of presidedressing soil nitrate testing (PSNT) to identify fields in which N application could be reduced or eliminated was evaluated in 16 non-replicated strip trials and five replicated trials on commercial farms. All commercial field sites had greater than 20 mg·kg−1 residual soil NO3-N at the time of the first in-season N application. In the strip trials, plots in which the cooperating growers’ initial sidedress N application was eliminated or reduced were compared with the growers’ standard N fertilization program. In the replicated trials, the growers’ N regime was compared with treatments in which one or more N fertigation through drip irrigation was eliminated. Additionally, seasonal N rates from 11 to 336 kg·ha−1 were compared in three replicated drip-irrigated research farm trials. Seasonal N application in the strip trials was reduced by an average of 77 kg·ha−1 (73 kg·ha−1 vs. 150 kg·ha−1 for the grower N regime) with no reduction in fresh biomass produced and only a slight reduction in crop N uptake (151 kg·ha−1 vs. 156 kg·ha−1 for the grower N regime). Similarly, an average seasonal N rate reduction of 88 kg·ha−1 (96 kg·ha−1 vs. 184 kg·ha−1) was achieved in the replicated commercial trials with no biomass reduction. Seasonal N rates between 111 and 192 kg·ha−1 maximized fresh biomass in the research farm trials, which were conducted in fields with lower residual soil NO3-N than the commercial trials. Across fields, lettuce N uptake was slow in the first 4 weeks after planting, averaging less than 0.5 kg·ha−1·d−1. N uptake then increased linearly until harvest (≈9 weeks after planting), averaging ≈4 kg·ha−1·d−1 over that period. Whole plant critical N concentration (Nc, the minimum whole plant N concentration required to maximize growth) was estimated by the equation Nc (g·kg−1) = 42 − 2.8 dry mass (DM, Mg·ha−1); on that basis, critical N uptake (crop N uptake required to maintain whole plant N above Nc) in the commercial fields averaged 116 kg·ha−1 compared with the mean uptake of 145 kg·ha−1 with the grower N regime. Soil NO3-N greater than 20 mg·kg−1 was a reliable indicator that N application could be reduced or delayed. Neither leaf N nor midrib NO3-N was correlated with concurrently measured soil NO3-N and therefore of limited value in directing in-season N fertilization.

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Presidedressing Soil Nitrate Testing (PSNT) Effective in Reducing N Fertilizer Use in Vegetable Production

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.535b ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 535b-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T.K. Hartz ◽

W.E. Bendixen

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

N Uptake ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Cool Season ◽

N Application ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Total Crop ◽

Crop N Uptake ◽

On Farm ◽

N Status

The utility of PSNT in determining N sidedress requirement of cool-season vegetables (broccoli, cauliflower, celery and lettuce) was evaluated in a total of 20 trials conducted in commercial fields in California in 1996–97. Fields were selected which had soil NO3-N concentration >20 mg·kg-1 at the time the cooperating grower made the first sidedress N application. The grower's fertility program was compared with two reduced N treatments, established by skipping either the first, or the first and second, sidedress N application. There were four replications of each N treatment, in a randomized block design. All fields were conventionally irrigated (sprinkler and/or furrow). Crop and soil N status was evaluated throughout the season. No yield or quality differences were observed in any field by skipping the first N sidedress; in only three fields was yield reduced by skipping two sidedress applications. Total crop N uptake varied little among N treatments in most fields, despite differences in seasonal N application of as much as 200 kg·ha–1. These results indicate that PSNT can reliably identify fields in which sidedress N application can be delayed or eliminated. A soil NO3-N “quick test” was evaluated and proved to be a practical on-farm method to determine soil NO3-N status.

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