Production of asphalt mixes with copper industry wastes: Use of copper slag as raw material replacement

A study on the manufacturing pig iron for cast iron from copper slag has been conducted to recover iron-copper matte to be used as a raw material for foundry industries. The copper slag was reduced by carbothermic reaction at 1300°C for 2 hours using electric furnace. Finally, iron-copper matte was successfully obtained with about 93 wt.% and 5 wt.%, respectively.

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A Study on Reduction of Copper Smelting Slag by Carbon for Recycling into Metal Values and Cement Raw Material

10.20944/preprints202001.0177.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Urtnasan Erdenebold ◽

Jei-Pil Wang

Keyword(s):

Blast Furnace ◽

Iron Oxide ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Copper Slag ◽

Raw Material ◽

Copper Smelting ◽

Pig Iron ◽

Reduction Smelting ◽

Smelting Slag ◽

Furnace Slag

Copper smelting slag is a solution of molten oxides created during the copper smelting and refining process, and about 1.5 million tons of copper slag is generated annually in Korea. Oxides in copper smelting slag include ferrous (FeO), ferric oxide (Fe2O3), silica (SiO2 from flux), alumina (AI2O3), calcia (CaO) and magnesia (MgO). Main oxides in copper slag, which iron oxide and silica, exist in the form of fayalite (2FeO·SiO2). Since the copper smelting slag contains high content of iron, and copper and zinc. Common applications of copper smelting slag are the value added products such as abrasive tools, roofing granules, road-base construction, railroad ballast, fine aggregate in concrete, etc., as well as the some studies have attempted to recover metal values from copper slag. This research was intended to recovery Fe-Cu alloy, raw material of zinc and produce reformed slag like a blast furnace slag for blast furnace slag cement from copper slag. As a results, it was confirmed that reduction smelting by carbon at temperatures above 1400°С is possible to recover pig iron containing copper from copper smelting slag, and CaO additives in the reduction smelting assist to reduce iron oxide in the fayalite and change the chemical and mineralogical composition of the slag. Copper oxide in the slag can be easily reduced and dissolved in the molten pig iron, and zinc oxide is also reduced to a volatile zinc, which is removed from the furnace as the fumes, by carbon during reduction process. When CaO addition is above 5wt.%, acid slag has been completely transformed to calcium silicate slag and observed like blast furnace slag.

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2015. The Fertile Desert: Agriculture and Copper Industry in Early Islamic Arava (Arabah)

10.31219/osf.io/gudge ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Hagit Nol

Keyword(s):

Industrial Area ◽

Arid Area ◽

Raw Material ◽

Copper Production ◽

Economic Systems ◽

Copper Industry ◽

Trade Routes ◽

Main Crop ◽

Early Islamic ◽

Agricultural Settlement

The Arava is an arid region in the Southern Levant. Archaeological excavations and surveys in the area revealed dense settlement and sophisticated technologies from the 8th-9th centuries AD – qanat water technology and copper production. Differences between the data of the middle and southern Arava suggest two separated economic systems. While the Southern Arava seems to be primarily an industrial area of copper that delivered the raw material to Ayla, the middle Arava was mainly agricultural and may be connected to trade routes. Studying the farming conditions of this arid area points to date palms as the main crop of the agricultural settlement. However, it is not yet clear where the Arava's produce was exported.

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Efficiency of Chemical and Biological Leaching of Copper Slag for the Recovery of Metals and Valorisation of the Leach Residue as Raw Material in Cement Production

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min10080654 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 654 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Päivi Kinnunen ◽

Jarno Mäkinen ◽

Marja Salo ◽

Ratana Soth ◽

Konstantinos Komnitsas

Keyword(s):

Construction Material ◽

Reference Sample ◽

Copper Slag ◽

Raw Material ◽

Added Value ◽

Leach Residue ◽

Supplementary Cementitious Material ◽

Chemical Leaching ◽

Material Sources ◽

Pre Treatment

Copper slags produced in vast quantities in smelting operations could be considered as secondary material sources instead of stockpiling them in landfills. This study investigates the recovery of valuable metals from copper slag and the valorisation of the leach residue as construction material in line with the principles of a circular economy. By taking into account that the environmental characterization of the as-received copper slag did not allow its disposal in landfills without prior treatment, chemical and biological leaching were tested for the recovery of metals. Pre-treatment with acids, namely HNO3 and H2SO4, resulted in the extraction of several target metals and the production of an almost inert waste. Despite the clearly better oxidative conditions prevailing in the bioleaching reactors, chemical leaching resulted in the higher dissolution of Cu (71% vs. 51%), Co (70% vs. 36%), and Zn (65% vs. 44%). The acid consumption was much lower during the bioleaching experiments compared to the chemical leaching. The bioleach residue was suitable for its use as supplementary cementitious material, showing a better performance than the reference sample without causing any detrimental effects to the calcium aluminate cement (CAC) quality. The complete valorisation of copper slags is expected to improve the economics of the process, by avoiding landfill costs and producing saleable products with high added value.

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A Study on Reduction of Copper Smelting Slag by Carbon for Recycling into Metal Values and Cement Raw Material

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12041421 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 1421

Author(s):

Jei-Pil Wang ◽

Urtnasan Erdenebold

Keyword(s):

Blast Furnace ◽

Iron Oxide ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Copper Slag ◽

Raw Material ◽

Copper Smelting ◽

Pig Iron ◽

Reduction Smelting ◽

Smelting Slag ◽

Furnace Slag

Copper smelting slag is a solution of molten oxides created during the copper smelting and refining process, and about 1.5 million tons of copper slag are generated annually in Korea. The oxides in copper smelting slag include ferrous (FeO), ferric oxide (Fe2O3), silica (SiO2 from flux), alumina (AI2O3), calcia (CaO) and magnesia (MgO). The main oxides in copper slag, which are iron oxide and silica, exist in the form of fayalite (2FeO·SiO2). Since copper smelting slag contains high content of iron, and copper and zinc, common applications of copper smelting slag can be used in value-added products such as abrasive tools, roofing granules, road-base construction, railroad ballast, fine aggregate in concrete, etc. Some studies have attempted to recover metal values from copper slag. This research was intended to recover ferrous alloy contained Cu, a raw material of zinc, from copper slag, and produce reformed slag such as blast furnace slag for Portland cement. As a result, it was confirmed that with reduction smelting by carbon at temperatures above 1400 °C, it is possible to recover pig iron containing copper from copper smelting slag, and the addition of CaO in reduction smelting helped to reduce iron oxide in the fayalite and change the chemical and mineralogical composition of the slag. The copper oxide in the slag can be easily reduced and dissolved in the molten pig iron, and zinc oxide is also reduced to a volatile zinc, which is removed from the furnace as fumes, by carbon during the reduction process. When CaO addition is above 5%, acid slag is completely transformed into calcium silicate slag and is observed to be like blast furnace slag.

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Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and the Environmental Impact of the Production of Asphalt Mixes Modified with Recycled Materials

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13148081 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 8081

Author(s):

Diana Movilla-Quesada ◽

Manuel Lagos-Varas ◽

Aitor C. Raposeiras ◽

Osvaldo Muñoz-Cáceres ◽

Valerio C. Andrés-Valeri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Copper Slag ◽

Asphalt Mixtures ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Asphalt Mixes ◽

Production Phase ◽

Photochemical Ozone ◽

By Products

This research focuses on the production and construction stages of the life cycle analysis (LCA) of asphalt mixtures modified with industrial waste and by-products, based on the quantification of methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions produced during these processes. A laboratory-designed and calibrated gas measurement system with a microcontroller and MQ sensors is used to compare the emissions (GHG) of a “conventional” asphalt mix with those emitted by waste-modified asphalt mixes (polyethylene terephthalate and nylon fibres) and industrial by-products (copper slag and cellulose ash). The results obtained show that the gases emitted by each type of material can influence the design criteria from an environmental perspective. Methane gas emissions for asphalt mixes made with polymeric materials increase compared to the production phase of a conventional mix (M1) by 21% for PET and 14% for nylon. In contrast, for mixtures made with copper slag and cellulose ash, this emission is reduced by 12%. In addition, the use of copper slag and cellulose ash to replace natural aggregates reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 15% during the production phase and contributes to the creation of photochemical ozone for a shorter period of time. Regarding carbon dioxide emission, it increases considerably for all asphalt mixes, by 26% and 44.5% for cellulose ash and copper slag, respectively. For asphalt mixtures made of polymeric materials, the increase in carbon dioxide emission is significant, 130% for PET and 53% for nylon. In addition, it is noted that for this type of material, not only the emission of the gas must be taken into consideration, but also the time that the volatile particles spend in the atmosphere, affecting climate change and photochemical ozone (smog). The carbon monoxide gases emitted in the production phase of all the asphalt mixes analysed is similar among them.

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