Emission of intermediate volatility organic compounds from a ship main engine burning heavy fuel oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijun Lou ◽  
Yuejiao Hao ◽  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Penghao Su ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Main Engine

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study on an Alternative Ship Propulsion System Fueled by Ammonia: Environmental and Economic Assessments

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyunghwa Kim ◽  
Gilltae Roh ◽  
Wook Kim ◽  
Kangwoo Chun
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Main Engine

The shipping industry is becoming increasingly aware of its environmental responsibilities in the long-term. In 2018, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) pledged to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by at least 50% by the year 2050 as compared with a baseline value from 2008. Ammonia has been regarded as one of the potential carbon-free fuels for ships based on these environmental issues. In this paper, we propose four propulsion systems for a 2500 Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit (TEU) container feeder ship. All of the proposed systems are fueled by ammonia; however, different power systems are used: main engine, generators, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Further, these systems are compared to the conventional main engine propulsion system that is fueled by heavy fuel oil, with a focus on the economic and environmental perspectives. By comparing the conventional and proposed systems, it is shown that ammonia can be a carbon-free fuel for ships. Moreover, among the proposed systems, the SOFC power system is the most eco-friendly alternative (up to 92.1%), even though it requires a high lifecycle cost than the others. Although this study has some limitations and assumptions, the results indicate a meaningful approach toward solving GHG problems in the maritime industry.

Biosorption of heavy fuel oil from aqueous solution by Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms in natura

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís A. Nascimento ◽  
Marilda N. Carvalho ◽  
Mohand Benachour ◽  
Valdemir A. Santos ◽  
Leonie A. Sarubbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil

scholarly journals Numerical investigation of the aerodynamic breakup of Diesel and heavy fuel oil droplets

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 203-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionisis Stefanitsis ◽  
Ilias Malgarinos ◽  
George Strotos ◽  
Nikolaos Nikolopoulos ◽  
Emmanouil Kakaras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Oil Droplets

Measurements and predictions of nitric oxide and particulates emissions from heavy fuel oil spray flames

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 2241-2250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Byrnes ◽  
E.A. Foumeny ◽  
T. Mahmud ◽  
A.S.A.K. Sharifah ◽  
T. Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Spray Flames

scholarly journals Comparative sensitivity of the early life stages of a coral to heavy fuel oil and UV radiation

2021 ◽  
pp. 146676
Author(s):  
F. Mikaela Nordborg ◽  
Diane L. Brinkman ◽  
Gerard F. Ricardo ◽  
Susana Agustí ◽  
Andrew P. Negri
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Comparative Sensitivity

Seawater Scrubbing for the Removal of Sulfur Dioxide in a Steam Turbine Power Plant

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akili D. Khawaji ◽  
Jong-Mihn Wie
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil

The most popular method of controlling sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions in a steam turbine power plant is a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process that uses lime/limestone scrubbing. Another relatively newer FGD technology is to use seawater as a scrubbing medium to absorb SO2 by utilizing the alkalinity present in seawater. This seawater scrubbing FGD process is viable and attractive when a sufficient quantity of seawater is available as a spent cooling water within reasonable proximity to the FGD scrubber. In this process the SO2 gas in the flue gas is absorbed by seawater in an absorber and subsequently oxidized to sulfate by additional seawater. The benefits of the seawater FGD process over the lime/limestone process and other processes are; 1) The process does not require reagents for scrubbing as only seawater and air are needed, thereby reducing the plant operating cost significantly, and 2) No solid waste and sludge are generated, eliminating waste disposal, resulting in substantial cost savings and increasing plant operating reliability. This paper reviews the thermodynamic aspects of the SO2 and seawater system, basic process principles and chemistry, major unit operations consisting of absorption, oxidation and neutralization, plant operation and performance, cost estimates for a typical seawater FGD plant, and pertinent environmental issues and impacts. In addition, the paper presents the major design features of a seawater FGD scrubber for the 130 MW oil fired steam turbine power plant that is under construction in Madinat Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah, Saudi Arabia. The scrubber with the power plant designed for burning heavy fuel oil containing 4% sulfur by weight, is designed to reduce the SO2 level in flue gas to 425 ng/J from 1,957 ng/J.

Cenosphere formation of heavy fuel oil/water emulsion combustion in a swirling flame

2021 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 106800
Author(s):  
Xinyan Pei ◽  
Paolo Guida ◽  
K.M. AlAhmadi ◽  
Ibrahim A. Al Ghamdi ◽  
Saumitra Saxena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Swirling Flame ◽  
Oil Water

1.  Toxicity of Fresh and Weathered Sunken Heavy Fuel Oil to the Early Life Stages of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Simulated Spawning Shoal Environments

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Adams
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
South American ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Insight Into

Because the density of heavy fuel oil (HFO) is equal to or greater than that of freshwater, it behaves differently than lighter oils that float. Heavy fuel oil can sink to the bottom or be suspended in the water column and affect aquatic organisms that are not typically exposed to floating oils. Most research on oil spill technologies thus far examines the direct exposure of rainbow trout to floating or submerged oil droplets; there is little knowledge of the impacts of non‐floating heavy fuel oil on the water column and benthic organisms exposed to oil that accumulates in sediments. The toxicity of sunken HFO 6303 and Medium South American (MESA; reference) crude oil, as well as the effects of weathering on toxicity to embryos of rainbow trout were assessed using increasing concentrations of oil on gravel substrate in continuous‐flow desorption columns. Toxicity was assessed by measurement of the rates of mortality and growth, and the prevalence of blue sac disease, a hallmark sign of oil toxicity. The lower median lethal concentration for HFO compared to MESA indicated that HFO is more toxic. Interestingly, the LC50 values for fresh and weathered for both oils were similar, indicating little change in toxicity when the oil weathers naturally. Repetition of this experiment and analysis of PAH content in each treatment will provide more insight into the environmental and health risks associated with sunken heavy fuel oil.   

2015 North American ECA: Lessons Learned in CA

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Filter Clogging ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Normal Ambient ◽  
Distillate Fuel

California experienced a 300% increase in loss of propulsion (LOP) incidents since its distillate fuel regulation came into effect in 2009. The compression ignition (Diesel) engines aboard modern cargo ships over 10,000 gross tons use 3.0% sulfur Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO). This fuel must be heated to flow through the fuel lines because at normal ambient temperature HFO has the consistency of tar. Distillate fuel in contrast does not require the high temperatures, and the thermodynamics of cooling metal, gaskets and seals resulted in leaks, along with filter clogging from engine buildup scrubbing. In addition, the cost savings of using HFO are significant over the use of distillate fuel which is typically around US$300 more per ton.

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