1.  Toxicity of Fresh and Weathered Sunken Heavy Fuel Oil to the Early Life Stages of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Simulated Spawning Shoal Environments

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Adams
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
South American ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Insight Into

Because the density of heavy fuel oil (HFO) is equal to or greater than that of freshwater, it behaves differently than lighter oils that float. Heavy fuel oil can sink to the bottom or be suspended in the water column and affect aquatic organisms that are not typically exposed to floating oils. Most research on oil spill technologies thus far examines the direct exposure of rainbow trout to floating or submerged oil droplets; there is little knowledge of the impacts of non‐floating heavy fuel oil on the water column and benthic organisms exposed to oil that accumulates in sediments. The toxicity of sunken HFO 6303 and Medium South American (MESA; reference) crude oil, as well as the effects of weathering on toxicity to embryos of rainbow trout were assessed using increasing concentrations of oil on gravel substrate in continuous‐flow desorption columns. Toxicity was assessed by measurement of the rates of mortality and growth, and the prevalence of blue sac disease, a hallmark sign of oil toxicity. The lower median lethal concentration for HFO compared to MESA indicated that HFO is more toxic. Interestingly, the LC50 values for fresh and weathered for both oils were similar, indicating little change in toxicity when the oil weathers naturally. Repetition of this experiment and analysis of PAH content in each treatment will provide more insight into the environmental and health risks associated with sunken heavy fuel oil.   

scholarly journals Comparisons among rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, populations of maternal transcript profile associated with egg viability

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Weber ◽  
Jill Birkett ◽  
Kyle Martin ◽  
Doug Dixon ◽  
Guangtu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Analysis Group ◽  
Maternal Transcripts ◽  
Single Batch ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Transcription is arrested in the late stage oocyte and therefore the maternal transcriptome stored in the oocyte provides nearly all the mRNA required for oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early cleavage of the embryo. The transcriptome of the unfertilized egg, therefore, has potential to provide markers for predictors of egg quality and diagnosing problems with embryo production encountered by fish hatcheries. Although levels of specific transcripts have been shown to associate with measures of egg quality, these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) have not been consistent among studies. The present study compares differences in select transcripts among unfertilized rainbow trout eggs of different quality based on eyeing rate, among 2 year classes of the same line (A1, A2) and a population from a different hatchery (B). The study compared 65 transcripts previously reported to be differentially expressed with egg quality in rainbow trout. Results There were 32 transcripts identified as DEGs among the three groups by regression analysis. Group A1 had the most DEGs, 26; A2 had 15, 14 of which were shared with A1; and B had 12, 7 of which overlapped with A1 or A2. Six transcripts were found in all three groups, dcaf11, impa2, mrpl39_like, senp7, tfip11 and uchl1. Conclusions Our results confirmed maternal transcripts found to be differentially expressed between low- and high-quality eggs in one population of rainbow trout can often be found to overlap with DEGs in other populations. The transcripts differentially expressed with egg quality remain consistent among year classes of the same line. Greater similarity in dysregulated transcripts within year classes of the same line than among lines suggests patterns of transcriptome dysregulation may provide insight into causes of decreased viability within a hatchery population. Although many DEGs were identified, for each of the genes there is considerable variability in transcript abundance among eggs of similar quality and low correlations between transcript abundance and eyeing rate, making it highly improbable to predict the quality of a single batch of eggs based on transcript abundance of just a few genes.

scholarly journals Differential expression of two somatostatin receptor subtype 1 mRNAs in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Slagter ◽  
MA Sheridan
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Somatostatin Receptor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Signaling System ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Lower Intestine ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Insight Into

Somatostatins (SSs) play important roles in the growth, development and metabolism of vertebrates. In this study, cDNAs for two unique somatostatin receptor variants were cloned and sequenced from rainbow trout. The two cDNAs, one consisting of 1755 bp and the other of 1743 bp, share 63.6% identity in nucleotide sequence and 94.1% identity in deduced amino acid sequence and presumably arose through gene duplication. Each cDNA encodes for a putative 371-amino acid somatostatin receptor (one designated sst1A and the other sst1B) containing seven transmembrane domains. Rainbow trout sst1A and sst1B have 64.4 and 65.5% similarity respectively with human sst1 and only 43-60% similarity with other subtypes. Trout sst1 mRNAs are differentially expressed, both in terms of distribution among tissues as well as in terms of abundance within selected tissues. Both sst1A and sst1B mRNAs were present in brain, stomach, liver, pancreas, upper and lower intestine, pyloric cecum, kidney and muscle, whereas only sst1B mRNA was present in the esophagus. sst1A mRNA was more abundant than sst1B in the optic tectum, whereas sst1B mRNA was more abundant than sst1A in liver. sst1A and sst1B mRNAs were equally abundant in pancreas. These findings contribute to the understanding of the evolution of the SS signaling system and provide insight into the mechanisms that regulate the expression of SS receptors.

scholarly journals A Study into the Availability, Costs and GHG Reduction in Drop-In Biofuels for Shipping under Different Regimes between 2020 and 2050

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9900
Author(s):  
Douwe F. A. van der Kroft ◽  
Jeroen F. J. Pruyn
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
Biomass Availability ◽  
Conversion Technologies ◽  
Insight Into

In this study, various scenarios were developed that correspond to estimations of future biomass availability and biofuel demand from the maritime industry. These marine biofuel demand scenarios were based on the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) reduction targets of the Renewable Energy Directive II (RED II) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO). A multi-objective Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model was developed which is used to optimize the Well-to-Tank (WtT) phases of each studied scenario. This resulted in an overview of the most feasible use of feedstocks, deployment of new conversion technologies and trade flows between regions. Additionally, the results provided insight into the costs and emission reduction potential of marine biofuels. By analyzing the results from this study, improved insight into the potential of drop-in biofuels for reaching the proposed emission reduction targets for the maritime sector was developed. A trade-off between costs and emissions was found to result in potential GHG reductions between 68–95% compared to Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) for 800–2300 EUR/ton. More specifically, 80% GHG reduction compared to HFO can be achieved at fuel costs of between 900–1050 EUR/ton over the studied time period.

Cloning of a novel interleukin (IL)-20-like gene in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss gives an insight into the evolution of the IL-10 family

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiehui Wang ◽  
Patricia Díaz-Rosales ◽  
Sam A.M. Martin ◽  
Christopher J. Secombes
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Insight Into

The in vitro effect of commercially available noble metal nanocolloids on the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) leukocyte and splenocyte activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Małaczewska ◽  
A.K. Siwicki
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Respiratory Burst Activity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Silver Nanocolloid

Abstract The growing popularity of nanotechnology in the past decade has increased nanomaterial concentrations in the environment and the risk of their toxicity for aquatic organisms. Metal nanoparticles, which are easily absorbed and accumulated by fish, are probably able to interact directly with their immunocompetent cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of commercially available silver, gold and copper nanocolloids on the rainbow trout leukocyte and splenocyte activity. At high concentrations, all of the nanocolloids studied had adverse effects on the proliferative response of trout lymphocytes, and the most toxic of them, silver, decreased also the respiratory burst activity of splenocytes. Low concentrations of silver nanocolloid, however, had a stimulating effect on the lymhocyte proliferation.

The presence of rainbow trout reduces drift of aquatic insects in Yungas streams (Tucumán, Argentina)

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Iris C. Serra Greppi ◽  
Carlos Molineri
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Mountain Streams ◽  
Water Mites ◽  
Exotic Fish ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Visual Predator ◽  
Drift Density

The drift or transport of individuals downstream is an important phenomenon of rivers and streams, since most aquatic organisms participate in it at some period of their life cycle. This work describes the assemblage of macroinvertebrate drift from ten sites in eight mountain streams of Tucumán, and evaluates the effect of the presence of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum), an exotic fish and visual predator, on this fraction of the community. Thirty-one (31) families of drifting aquatic invertebrates were identified, mainly immature insects and to a lesser extent water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia), oligochaetes (Annelida: Oligochaeta) and nematodes (Nematoda). The richness and diversity of the sites with trout did not differ from the others, except when comparing lower and upper reaches of a same stream. Samples from rivers without trout or with low density of trout did not show significant changes in drift density of macroinvertebrates. In contrast, in rivers with high trout densities, a notable decrease in insect taxa was observed (those with large sized individuals): Baetidae (Ephemeroptera), Gripopterygidae (Plecoptera) and Leptoceridae (Trichoptera). On the contrary, the density of small Diptera, water mites, oligochets and nematodes increased in trout-streams

scholarly journals Comparisons among rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, populations of maternal transcript profile associated with egg viability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Weber ◽  
Jill Birkett ◽  
Kyle Martin ◽  
Doug Dixon II ◽  
Guangtu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Analysis Group ◽  
Maternal Transcripts ◽  
Single Batch ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background: Transcription is arrested in the late stage oocyte and therefore the maternal transcriptome stored in the oocyte provides nearly all the mRNA required for oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early cleavage of the embryo. The transcriptome of the unfertilized egg, therefore, has potential to provide markers for predictors of egg quality and diagnosing problems with embryo production encountered by fish hatcheries. Although levels of specific transcripts have been shown to associate with measures of egg quality, these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) have not been consistent among studies. The present study compares differences in select transcripts among unfertilized rainbow trout eggs of different quality based on eyeing rate, among two year classes of the same population (A1, A2) and a population from a different hatchery (B). The study compared 65 transcripts previously reported to be differentially expressed with egg quality in rainbow trout. Results: There were 32 transcripts identified as DEGs among the three groups by regression analysis. Group A1 had the most DEGs, 26; A2 had 15, 14 of which were shared with A1; and B had 12, 7 of which overlapped with A1 or A2. Six transcripts were found in all three groups, dcaf11, impa2, mrpl39_like, senp7, tfip11 and uchl1. Conclusions: Our results confirmed maternal transcripts found to be differentially expressed between low- and high-quality eggs in one population of rainbow trout can often be found to overlap with DEGs in other populations. The transcripts differentially expressed with egg quality remain consistent among year classes of the same population. Greater similarity in dysregulated transcripts within year classes of the same population than among populations suggests patterns of transcriptome dysregulation may provide insight into causes of decreased viability within a hatchery population. Although many DEGs were identified, for each of the genes there is considerable variability in transcript abundance among eggs of similar quality and low correlations between transcript abundance and eyeing rate, making it highly improbable to predict the quality of a single batch of eggs based on transcript abundance of just a few genes.

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