Molecular toxicity and defense mechanisms induced by silver nanoparticles in Drosophila melanogaster

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhidi Wang ◽  
Liying Zhang ◽  
Xing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Toxicity

Genetic analysis of oxygen defense mechanisms in Drosophila melanogaster and identification of a novel behavioural mutant with a Shaker phenotype

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Humphreys ◽  
Brenda Duyf ◽  
Mei-Ling A. Joiner ◽  
John P. Phillips ◽  
Arthur J. Hilliker
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Chromosome Region ◽  
Recessive Mutation ◽  
Ether Anaesthesia ◽  
Ros Metabolism ◽  
Chromosome Mutations ◽  
New Gene ◽  
New Alleles

Mutants of Drosophila melanogaster that lack Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase or urate are hypersensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in vivo by the redox-cycling agent paraquat. We have subsequently employed paraquat as a selective agent to identify adult viable mutants potentially defective in other, perhaps unknown, components of ROS metabolism. Paraquat screening of ethyl methanesulfonate-induced second- and third-chromosome mutations yielded 24 paraquat hypersensitive mutants. Two mutants were identified as being new alleles of the previously identified doublesex (dsx) and pink (p) genes. The remainder of the mutations identified previously undescribed genes, including one second chromosome paraquat hypersensitive mutant that was found to exhibit shaking legs, abdomen pulsations, and body shuddering under ether anaesthesia. This recessive mutation was mapped to the polytene chromosome region of 48A5–48B2 and defines a new gene we named quiver (qvr). This mutation is similar in phenotype to the Shaker (Sh), ether-a-gogo (eag), and Hyperkinetic (Hk) mutations, all of which affect potassium channel function in D. melanogaster. Key words : Drosophila, paraquat, EMS-mutagenesis, Shaker, oxidative-stress.

Silver nanoparticles induced heat shock protein 70, oxidative stress and apoptosis in Drosophila melanogaster

2010 ◽  
Vol 242 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maqusood Ahamed ◽  
Ryan Posgai ◽  
Timothy J. Gorey ◽  
Mark Nielsen ◽  
Saber M. Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 70

scholarly journals Toxicity of Nanoparticles againstDrosophila melanogaster(Diptera: Drosophilidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah-Eddin A. Araj ◽  
Nida’ M. Salem ◽  
Ihab H. Ghabeish ◽  
Akl M. Awwad
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Sulfur Nanoparticles ◽  
Nanoparticles Of Silver

In recent years, nanotechnology has become one of the most promising new approaches for pest control. In our screening program, laboratory trials were conducted to determine the effectiveness of five sources of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and sulfur nanoparticles (S NPs) on larval, pupal, and adults of the fruit flyDrosophila melanogaster. Nanoparticles of silver and sulfur were synthesized through reducing, stabilizing, and capping plant leaf extracts method and different concentrations (10, 50, 100, 200 ppm) were tested onD. melanogaster. Results showed that silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were highly effective on larvae, pupae, and adults’ mortality and egg deterrence. On the contrary, none of the tested nanoparticles has a significant effect on pupae longevity. The results also showed that silver nanoparticles can be used as a valuable tool in pest management programs ofD. melanogaster.

scholarly journals The P-element strikes again: the recent invasion of naturalDrosophila simulanspopulations

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kofler ◽  
Tom Hill ◽  
Viola Nolte ◽  
Andrea Betancourt ◽  
Christian Schlötterer
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
P Element ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Transfer Event ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Origins Of Replication ◽  
Close Relatives

The P-element is one of the best understood eukaryotic transposable elements. It invadedDrosophila melanogasterpopulations within a few decades, but was thought to be absent from close relatives, includingD. simulans. Five decades after the spread inD. melanogaster, we provide evidence that the P-element has also invadedD. simulans. P-elements inD. simulansappear to have been acquired recently fromD. melanogasterprobably via a single horizontal transfer event. Expression data indicate that the P-element is processed in the germline ofD. simulans, and genomic data show an enrichment of P-element insertions in putative origins of replication, similar to that seen inD. melanogaster. This ongoing spread of the P-element in natural populations provides an unique opportunity to understand the dynamics of transposable element spreads and the associated piRNA defense mechanisms.

What Effects do Silver Nanoparticles Have on Drosophila melanogaster Larvae with Respect to Stress Response and Microbial Intestinal Composition?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishanee Jahagirdar
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Dna ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Climbing Ability ◽  
The Impact

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been shown to be highly toxic to certain organisms and can induce stress in cells. The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to examine the stress response to AgNP exposure on Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) larvae, and secondly, to determine if exposure to AgNPs alters the intestinal bacterial composition. To answer these questions, fruit flies were grown on food mixed with AgNPs. Larvae were monitored for their ability to escape from heat stress and their climbing ability before metamorphosis into pupae. Larval wandering behaviour was examined by devising a test to determine if they could crawl their way back to food. In order to examine the flora in the digestive tract, DNA was isolated from dissected larval intestines, purified and then a relatively conserved portion of the bacterial DNA was amplified. These samples were then sent for pyrosequencing, which is a technique that will allow us to examine the composition of the intestinal microbial population. Preliminary results have been mixed. There has been some suggestion of a stress response, but this has not been very consistent. Therefore, more experiments need to be done. However, the bacterial population of the gut does seem to change after the treatment, indicating that AgNP exposure results in altered microbial composition in D. melanogaster intestines. It is hoped that this research will help elucidate our understanding of the impact NPs have on organisms, which is highly relevant because of the high prevalence of NPs in consumer and medicinal materials.  

scholarly journals Antifungal Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Against Various Plant Pathogenic Fungi and its Safety Evaluation on Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 6587-6596 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Corynespora Cassiicola ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Uv Visible

In the present study, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were synthesized by a chemical and biological method. Further, nanoparticles were characterized for their morphological feature using techniques like UV-Visible, TEM, XRD, and zeta potential. Sharp UV-visible absorption maximum at 410 was observed for biological synthesized silver nanoparticles (Bio-AgNPs), whereas for chemical synthesized silver nanoparticles (CH-AgNPs) peak was observed at 414 nm. TEM micrograph confirmed the formation of spherical nanoparticles dominantly via both protocols with an average size of nanoparticles was 50 nm and 25 nm for CH-AgNPs and Bio-NPs, respectively. Further, the antimicrobial potential of AgNPs was evaluated at different concentrations (25-100 ppm), against three pathogenic plant fungus plant (Alternaria solani, Corynespora cassiicola, and Fusarium spp.), in two different fungal media in term of inhibition of radial growth. Up to 100% inhibition for Alternaria solani and Fusarium spp. and 85% inhibition for Corynespora cassiicola was observed at 100 ppm AgNPs concentration on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Further, exposure of AgNPs on Drosophila melanogaster confirmed that Bio-AgNPs are nontoxic as compared to CH-AgNPS. Hence it can be concluded that Bio-AgNPs are safe to use due to their nontoxic nature.

scholarly journals Loss of the Antimicrobial Peptide Metchnikowin Protects Against Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes in Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3109-3119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura C Swanson ◽  
Stacey A Rimkus ◽  
Barry Ganetzky ◽  
David A Wassarman
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Injury Outcomes ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Neuroinflammation is a major pathophysiological feature of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Early and persistent activation of innate immune response signaling pathways by primary injuries is associated with secondary cellular injuries that cause TBI outcomes to change over time. We used a Drosophila melanogaster model to investigate the role of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in acute and chronic outcomes of closed-head TBI. AMPs are effectors of pathogen and stress defense mechanisms mediated by the evolutionarily conserved Toll and Immune-deficiency (Imd) innate immune response pathways that activate Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factors. Here, we analyzed the effect of null mutations in 10 of the 14 known Drosophila AMP genes on TBI outcomes. We found that mutation of Metchnikowin (Mtk) was unique in protecting flies from mortality within the 24 h following TBI under two diet conditions that produce different levels of mortality. In addition, Mtk mutants had reduced behavioral deficits at 24 h following TBI and increased lifespan either in the absence or presence of TBI. Using a transcriptional reporter of gene expression, we found that TBI increased Mtk expression in the brain. Quantitative analysis of mRNA in whole flies revealed that expression of other AMPs in the Toll and Imd pathways as well as NF-κB transcription factors were not altered in Mtk mutants. Overall, these results demonstrate that Mtk plays an infection-independent role in the fly nervous system, and TBI-induced expression of Mtk in the brain activates acute and chronic secondary injury pathways that are also activated during normal aging.

Genetic and biochemical analysis of glutathione-S-transferase in the oxygen defense system of Drosophila melanogaster

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony L. Parkes ◽  
Arthur J. Hilliker ◽  
John P. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Active Oxygen Species ◽  
Buthionine Sulfoximine ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Cuzn Superoxide Dismutase

Aerobic organisms possess an array of enzymatic defense mechanisms against the toxic effects of active oxygen species. These include CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPOX). Insects, however, lack an independent GPOX enzyme and instead rely on the activity of the more general detoxification enzyme, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), to carry out a peroxidase function. We report here the developmental profile of GST in Drosophila melanogaster and show that GST is induced by paraquat, a known free-radical generating agent. We also report that glutathione (GSH) depletion induced by administration of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) selectively reduces the viability of mutants lacking CuZnSOD. By measuring GST specific activity in flies carrying deficiencies for the 87B region, we confirm an earlier report that this region contains active GST-encoding genes. Finally, through a biochemical analysis of representative alleles of known lethal complementation groups in this region, we have identified ck17 as a putative GST subunit gene. The implications of these findings to the role of GSH and GST in D. melanogaster oxygen defense are discussed.Key words: glutathione-S-transferase, paraquat, CuZn superoxide dismutase, oxygen defense.

Author response for "Location and arrangement of campaniform sensilla in Drosophila melanogaster"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gesa F. Dinges ◽  
Alexander S. Chockley ◽  
Till Bockemühl ◽  
Kei Ito ◽  
Alexander Blanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Campaniform Sensilla
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