Distribution and formation mechanisms of polychlorinated organic by-products upon the catalytic oxidation of 1,2-dichlorobenzene with palladium-loaded catalysts

2020 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
pp. 122412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Jie Cheng ◽  
Xin Xing ◽  
Yonggang Sun ◽  
Zhengping Hao
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Oxidation ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
By Products

Formation of By-products in Pure and Aqueous Acrylic Acid - Kinetic Measurements and Formation Mechanisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-759
Author(s):  
Christian A. Pfeifer ◽  
Cordula Scholz ◽  
Kevin Vogel ◽  
Alfons Drochner ◽  
Herbert Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Kinetic Measurements ◽  
By Products

Selective Oxidation of 1,2-Propanediol to Lactic Acid over Different Supported Au, Pt and Pd Catalysts

2019 ◽  
Vol 800 ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Chornaja ◽  
Svetlana Zhizhkuna ◽  
Jevgenija Vladiko ◽  
Konstantins Dubencovs
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Catalytic Oxidation ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Selective Oxidation ◽  
Main Product ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Pd Catalysts ◽  
Oxidation With Molecular Oxygen ◽  
By Products

1,2-Propanediol selective oxidation with molecular oxygen in presence of heterogeneous catalyst is one of the most nature friendly 1,2-propanediol conversion methods. This work demonstrates Au, Pt and Pd containing catalysts’ activity and selectivity in a 1,2-propanediol oxidation process. The main product of the 1,2-propanediol catalytic oxidation was lactic acid, by-products were acetic and formic acids. It was found that Au based catalysts are best for 1,2-propanediol oxidation in alkaline water solutions. The best result was achieved using the 4.8wt%Au/Al2O3catalyst: selectivity by lactic acid was 94% with 1,2-propanediol conversion 100% (c0(1,2-propanediol) = 0.3 mol/L, P(O2) = 6 atm, n (1,2-propanediol)/n (Au) = 500, t = 60°C, c0(NaOH) = 1.5 mol/L).

scholarly journals Formation of NDMA by Chloramination of Nitrogenous Pharmaceuticals

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Le Roux ◽  
H. Gallard ◽  
J.P. Croué
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Tertiary Amines ◽  
Human Carcinogen ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Water Chlorination ◽  
By Products ◽  
New Formation

Many disinfection by-products (DBPs) are formed during water chlorination, including trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). Disinfection with chloramines is often used to reduce the production of regulated DBPs. However, chloramination can lead to the formation of N–nitrosamines, including N–nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a probable human carcinogen. The formation mechanisms of NDMA are not fully understood. Proposed mechanisms used dimethylamine (DMA) as a model precursor, but results show that certain widely used tertiary dimethylamines (e.g. the pharmaceutical ranitidine) show much higher conversion rates to NDMA than DMA. These amounts of NDMA cannot be explained by current proposed mechanisms. New formation mechanisms have to be proposed to explain the importance of structural characteristics of tertiary amines for NDMA formation.

State of the art in catalytic oxidation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asier Aranzabal ◽  
Beñat Pereda-Ayo ◽  
M. González-Marcos ◽  
José González-Marcos ◽  
Rubén López-Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Oxidation ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Oxidation Activity ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Activity Catalyst ◽  
By Products ◽  
Catalyst Selection

AbstractChlorine-containing organic compounds (Cl-VOC) require special attention due to their distinct toxicity, high stability and persistence in the environment. Removal of Cl-VOC by catalytic oxidation over a wide variety of catalysts has been presented in literature. This paper reviews the state of the art in this subject, including different model compounds, nature of catalysts, and oxidation activity. Catalyst selectivity (CO2 vs. CO and HCl vs. Cl2), by-products formation and the causes of deactivation are also analyzed as the most important factors in the catalyst selection for practical applications.

Catalytic oxidation of lignin–acetoderivatives: a potential new recovery route for value-added aromatic aldehydes from acetoderivatives

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 3746-3753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kissa R. Alunga ◽  
Yue-Yuan Ye ◽  
Shui-Rong Li ◽  
Duo Wang ◽  
Yun-Quan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Oxidation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Lignin Oxidation ◽  
By Products

Lignin oxidation by-products (acetoderivatives) were oxidized to aromatic aldehydes with the help of CuSO4·5H2O as a catalyst.

scholarly journals Identification of by-products issued from the catalytic oxidation of toluene by chemical and biological methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1084-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Brunet ◽  
Eric Genty ◽  
Yann Landkocz ◽  
Margueritta Al Zallouha ◽  
Sylvain Billet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Oxidation ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Laboratory analogs of carbonaceous matter: Soot and its precursors and by-products

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (S251) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Jäger ◽  
Harald Mutschke ◽  
Isabel Llamas-Jansa ◽  
Thomas Henning ◽  
Friedrich Huisken
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Carbonaceous Matter ◽  
Condensed Carbon ◽  
End Products ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
By Products ◽  
Reactive Gas

AbstractCarbonaceous materials have been prepared in the laboratory by laser-induced pyrolysis of a mixture of hydrocarbons under different conditions and laser ablation of graphite in reactive gas atmospheres. We have investigated the soluble and insoluble parts of the condensed carbon powders with several spectroscopic and chromatographic methods in order to obtain information on the composition of the condensate. The results of these experiments have demonstrated that, at temperatures lower than 1700 K, the pyrolysis by-products are mainly PAHs, whereas at higher temperatures fullerenes and polyyne-based compounds are formed. The experimental findings point to different soot formation mechanisms with variable intermediates and end products. It has been found that soot extracts can contain more than 65 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Eventually, the study of the condensation pathways of soot particles and their precursors and by-products will permit the prediction of the spectral properties of carbonaceous matter in space.

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