Pharmaceuticals in edible crops irrigated with reclaimed wastewater: Evidence from a large survey in Israel

The basic aim of this paper is to present the existing conditions and problems of water resources management in Greece. Water demand has increased tremendously over the past 30 years. Despite adequate precipitation, water imbalance is often experienced, due to temporal and regional variations of the precipitation, the increased water demand during the summer months and the difficulty of transporting water due to the mountainous terrain. Integration of reclaimed wastewater originating from the wastewater treatment plant effluents into the water resources management is proposed. This plan exhibits the potential for reducing the pollution loads entering sea or inland waters, while at the same time providing water for irrigation.

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Wastewater Reuse for River Recovery in Semi-Arid Israel

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0573 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 40 (4-5) ◽

pp. 43-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marcelo Juanico ◽

Eran Friedler

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Quality Management ◽

Water Reuse ◽

Water Quality Management ◽

Wastewater Reuse ◽

Water Source ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Reclaimed Wastewater ◽

Pollution Impacts ◽

Semi Arid

Most of the water has been captured in the rivers of Israel and they have turned into dry river-beds which deliver only sporadic winter floods. In a semi-arid country where literally every drop of water is used, reclaimed wastewater is the most feasible water source for river recovery. Two topics are addressed in this paper: water quality management in rivers where most of the flowing water is treated wastewater, and the allocations of reclaimed wastewater required for the recovery of rivers and streams. Water quality management must consider that the main source of water to the river has a pollution loading which reduces its capability to absorb other pollution impacts. The allocation of treated wastewater for the revival of rivers may not affect negatively the water balance of the region; it may eventually improve it. An upstream bruto allocation of 122 MCM/year of wastewater for the recovery of 14 rivers in Israel may favor downstream reuse of this wastewater, resulting in a small neto allocation and in an increase of the water resources available to the country. The discharge of effluents upstream to revive the river followed by their re-capture downstream for irrigation, implies a further stage in the intensification of water reuse.

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Behaviour of the fecal pollution indicators in a soil irrigated with treated wastewater under onsurface and subsurface drip irrigation

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2000.0294 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 42 (1-2) ◽

pp. 75-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

C. Campos ◽

G. Oron ◽

M. Salgot ◽

L. Gillerman

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Fecal Pollution ◽

Fecal Coliforms ◽

Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Reclaimed Wastewater ◽

Pollution Indicators ◽

Subsurface Drip

A critical objective for any wastewater reuse programme is to minimise health and environmental hazard. When applying wastewater to soil–plant systems, it is to be noted that the passage of water through the soil considerably reduces the number of microorganisms carried by the reclaimed wastewater. Factors that affect survival include number and type of microorganisms, soil organic matter content, temperature, moisture, pH, rainfall, sunlight, protection provided by foliage and antagonism by soil microflora. The purpose of this work was to examine the behaviour of fecal pollution indicators in a soil irrigated with treated wastewater under onsurface and subsurface drip irrigation. The experiment was conducted in a vineyard located at a commercial farm near the City of Arad (Israel). Wastewater and soil samples were monitored during the irrigation period and examined for fecal coliforms, somatic and F+ coliphages and helminth eggs. Physico-chemical parameters were controlled in order to determine their relationship with removal of microorganisms. The results showed high reduction of the concentration of microorganisms when wastewater moves through the soil; and a good correlation between the reduction of fecal pollution indicators and moisture content, organic matter concentration and pH. The application of secondary treated domestic wastewater in this specific soil and under these irrigation systems affect the survival of microorganisms, thus reducing the health and environmental risk.

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The fourth industrial revolution and labour market regulation in Singapore

The Economic and Labour Relations Review ◽

10.1177/1035304620941272 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 347-363

Author(s):

Peter Waring ◽

Azad Bali ◽

Chris Vas

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Labour Market ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Autonomous Systems ◽

Market Regulation ◽

Jel Codes ◽

Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽

Labour Market Regulation ◽

Social Safety Nets ◽

Large Survey

The race to develop and implement autonomous systems and artificial intelligence has challenged the responsiveness of governments in many areas and none more so than in the domain of labour market policy. This article draws upon a large survey of Singaporean employees and managers (N = 332) conducted in 2019 to examine the extent and ways in which artificial intelligence and autonomous technologies have begun impacting workplaces in Singapore. Our conclusions reiterate the need for government intervention to facilitate broad-based participation in the productivity benefits of fourth industrial revolution technologies while also offering re-designed social safety nets and employment protections. JEL Codes: J88, K31, O38, M53

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Large Survey Camera Collimation and Alignment at the Observation Site by Curvature Sensing

Optik ◽

10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.167273 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 167273

Author(s):

Qichang An ◽

Xiaoxia Wu ◽

Xudong Lin ◽

Jianli Wang ◽

Tao Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Observation Site ◽

Curvature Sensing ◽

Large Survey

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The role of race, religion, and partisanship in misperceptions about COVID-19

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations ◽

10.1177/1368430220985912 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 638-657

Author(s):

James N. Druckman ◽

Katherine Ognyanova ◽

Matthew A. Baum ◽

David Lazer ◽

Roy H. Perlis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lived Experiences ◽

Media Exposure ◽

Group Level ◽

Political Issues ◽

The Public ◽

Media Usage ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Large Survey ◽

Racial Ethnic

Concerns about misperceptions among the public are rampant. Yet, little work explores the correlates of misperceptions in varying contexts – that is, how do factors such as group affiliations, media exposure, and lived experiences correlate with the number of misperceptions people hold? We address these questions by investigating misperceptions about COVID-19, focusing on the role of racial/ethnic, religious, and partisan groups. Using a large survey, we find the number of correct beliefs held by individuals far dwarfs the number of misperceptions. When it comes to misperceptions, we find that minorities, those with high levels of religiosity, and those with strong partisan identities – across parties – hold a substantially greater number of misperceptions than those with contrasting group affiliations. Moreover, we show other variables (e.g., social media usage, number of COVID-19 cases in one’s county) do not have such strong relationships with misperceptions, and the group-level results do not reflect acquiescence to believing any information regardless of its truth value. Our results accentuate the importance of studying group-level misperceptions on other scientific and political issues and developing targeted interventions for these groups.

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COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity in a large survey of first responders and healthcare personnel, May-July 2020

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciab080 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lara J Akinbami ◽

Lyle R Petersen ◽

Samira Sami ◽

Nga Vuong ◽

Susan L Lukacs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

First Responders ◽

Healthcare Personnel ◽

First Responder ◽

Antibody Positivity ◽

Large Survey

Abstract A SARS-CoV-2 serosurvey among first responder/healthcare personnel showed that loss of taste/smell was most predictive of seropositivity; percent seropositivity increased with number of COVID-19 symptoms. However, 22.9% with nine symptoms were seronegative, and 8.3% with no symptoms were seropositive. These findings demonstrate limitations of symptom-based surveillance and importance of testing.

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