scholarly journals Nasal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus among medical students at the HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center, Thailand: A follow-up study

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arucha Treesirichod ◽  
Sumalee Hantagool ◽  
Olarn Prommalikit
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Follow Up Study

Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage in Medical Students of Universiti Teknologi MARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaini Mohd Zain ◽  
Muhammad Fikri Johari ◽  
Nurul Shahirah Mohd Husin ◽  
Nurul Syamimi Rozman ◽  
Athirah Ab Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Tissue Necrosis ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin

Introduction: To determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage and detection of S. aureus leukotoxins among medical students of Universiti Teknologi MARA. Methods: Both sides of the anterior nares of 136 volunteers, comprising 68 preclinical and 68 clinical medical students, were swabbed and immediately cultured onto mannitol salt agar for growth of S. aureus. Standard microbiological techniques were conducted to identify and confirm the S. aureus colonies and susceptibility test against oxacillin were conducted by using Kirby-Bauer method to determine their resistance to methicillin. Polymerase chain reaction was performed for detection of leukotoxins, i.e., Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) and -haemolysin genes. Results: Nineteen students (14%) consisting of 10 preclinical (14.7%) and 9 clinical (13.2%) were nasal carriers of S. aureus. However, none of the S. aureus isolates were MRSA. No PVL gene was detected but eight of them were positive for -haemolysin gene. Conclusion: There were no MRSA nasal carriers among the medical students, but a low prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriers was detected. These carriers do not pose as high risk because none of the strains of S. aureus possess both the -haemolysin toxin and the PVL toxin that are associated with tissue necrosis.

Staphylococcus aureus Carriage in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Impact on Response to Adalimumab

Dermatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Dimitra Stergianou ◽  
Vassiliki Tzanetakou ◽  
Maria Argyropoulou ◽  
Theodora Kanni ◽  
Pantelis G. Bagos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Loss Of Response ◽  
Response Score ◽  
Stimulation Of

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Several patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) present flare-ups during treatment with adalimumab (ADA), the cause of which is not clear. ADA is the only FDA-approved biologic for the therapy of moderate-to-severe HS. A previous study of our group has shown that <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> stimulation of whole blood affects the production of human β-defensin 2 and modulates HS severity. It is, therefore, hypothesized, that carriage of <i>S. aureus</i> may drive HS flare-ups. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To explore the association between carriage of <i>S. aureus</i> and loss of response to ADA. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> Among patients with moderate-to-severe HS without carriage of <i>S. aureus</i> at start of treatment with ADA, we investigated for carriage of <i>S. aureus</i> from the nares when flare-ups occurred. Flare-ups were pre-defined as at least 25% increase of inflammatory lesions (sum of inflammatory nodules and abscesses) from baseline. Samplings were also done after completion of 12 weeks of ADA treatment from all patients who did not present flare-ups. Clinical response to ADA was assessed by the HS Clinical Response score (HiSCR). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Thirty-nine patients were studied; 24 with Hurley II stage HS and 15 with Hurley III stage HS. Twenty-nine patients achieved HiSCR after 12 weeks of treatment without any flare-ups; 10 patients had flare-ups and failed HiSCR. Three (10.3%) and 5 (50%) patients, respectively, had nasal carriage of <i>S. aureus</i> (odds ratio 8.67; 95% CI 1.54–48.49; <i>p</i> = 0.014). Among 32 patients reaching follow-up week 48, 20 patients achieved HiSCR and 12 had flare-ups leading to ADA failure; 2 (10%) and 5 (41.7%) patients, respectively, had positive culture for <i>S. aureus</i> (odds ratio 6.42; 95% CI 1.00–41.20; <i>p</i> = 0.05). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Nasal carriage of <i>S. aureus</i> may be associated with loss of response to ADA. Findings need confirmation in larger series of patients.

scholarly journals Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in farm animals and breeders in North of Morocco

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadira Mourabit ◽  
Abdelhay Arakrak ◽  
Mohammed Bakkali ◽  
Zeineb Zian ◽  
Joaira Bakkach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Abstract Background: The objectives of this study were to determine for the first time, in Morocco, the nasal carriage rate, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and virulence genes of Staphylococcus. aureus isolated from animals and breeders in close contact.Methods: From 2015 to 2016, 421 nasal swab samples were collected from 26 different livestock areas in Tangier. Antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes were determined by disk diffusion according to EUCAST 2015. The presence of nuc , mec A, mec C, lukS/F-PV, and tst genes were determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for all isolates.Results: The overall S. aureus nasal carriage rate was low in animals (9.97%) and high in breeders (60%) with a statistically significant difference, (OR= 13.536; 95% CI = 7.070- 25.912; p< 0.001). In general, S. aureus strains were susceptible to the majority of antibiotics and the highest resistance rates were found against tetracycline (16.7% in animals and 10% in breeders). No Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was detected in animals and breeders. A high rate of tst and lukS/F-PV genes has been recovered only from animals (11.9% and 16.7%, respectively).Conclusion: Despite the lower rate of nasal carriage of S. aureus and the absence of MRSA strains in our study, S. aureus strains harbored a higher frequency of tst and lukS/F-PV virulence genes, which is associated to an increased risk of infection dissemination in humans. This highlights the need for further larger and multi-center studies to better define the transmission of the pathogenic S. aureus between livestock, environment, and humans.

scholarly journals Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in livestock in North of Morocco

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadira Mourabit ◽  
Abdelhay Arakrak ◽  
Mohammed Bakkali ◽  
Zeineb Zian ◽  
Joaira Bakkach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Abstract Background : In Morocco, data of LA-MRSA nasal carriage are still limited. The objectives of this study were to determine for the first time the nasal carriage rate, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and virulence genes of S aureus isolated from animals and breeders in close contact. Methods : From 2015 to 2016, 480 nasal swab samples were collected from 27 different Livestock areas in Tangier. The antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes were determined by disk diffusion according to EUCAST 2016. The presence of nuc , mec A and his homologue mec C, lukS/F-PV, and tst genes were determined by PCR for all isolates. Results : The overall S. aureus nasal carriage rate was low in animals (9.97%) and high in breeders (60%) with a statistically significant difference, (OR = 14.321; 95% CI = 7.484- 27.405; p< 0.0001). In general, S. aureus strains were susceptible to the majority of antibiotics and the higher resistance rates were found against tetracycline (16.7% in animals and 10% in breeders). No MRSA was detected in animals and breeders. A high rate of tst and lukS/F-PV genes has been found only in animals (11.9% and 16.7%, respectively). Conclusion : Despite the lower colonization rate of S. aureus and the absence of MRSA strains in our study, S. aureus strains harbored a higher frequency of tst and lukS/F-PV of virulence genes, which is associated to an increased risk of infection dissemination in humans. This highlights the need for implementing adequate approaches for prevention. Further larger and multi-center studies are needed to validate and confirm our findings. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus , nasal carriage, animals, breeders, MRSA, Morocco

Medical students’ individual and social empathy: A follow-up study

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 656-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Wellbery ◽  
Tina Barjasteh ◽  
Valeriy Korostyshevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Social Empathy

scholarly journals Empathy and specialty preference in medical students. Follow-up study and feedback

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Guilera ◽  
Iolanda Batalla ◽  
Jorge Soler-González
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Follow Up Study

scholarly journals IS ACQUISITION OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS - AN OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS IN INDIA?

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreyas K ◽  
Radhakrishna M ◽  
Ashwini Hegde ◽  
Pooja Rao
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Occupational Hazard ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains ◽  
Hospital Acquired

  Objective: The incidence of community-acquired and hospital-acquired Staphylococcus aureus infections has been rising with increasing emergence of drug-resistant strains called methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of carriage rate of MRSA among the interns of tertiary care teaching hospital in Mangalore.Methods: A total of 150 interns were participated, thereby swabs from both anterior nares were collected and processed for S. aureus. The isolated strains of S. aureus were screened for methicillin susceptibility by modified Kirby–Bauer method using cefoxitin (30 μg) disc. Further, antibiotic susceptibility testing for all isolates of S. aureus was also done against selected appropriate antibiotics. Vancomycin susceptibility testing for MRSA was done by E test.Results: The number of strains of S. aureus isolated from our 150 participants was 71 with a percentage rate of 47.3. Of the 71 isolates of S. aureus, one (1.4%) was MRSA. The overall MRSA carriage rate was 0.66%. The S. aureus and MRSA carriage rates recorded in this study were at par and significantly lower, respectively, when compared with other reported studies. It was observed that risk factors such as the use of antibiotics in the past 6 months and smoking were found to be statistically significant in nasal carriage status of S. aureus (<0.05). The only one isolate of MRSA was found to be sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, and teicoplanin.Conclusion: It was concluded that the acquisition of S. aureus and MRSA would not be an occupational hazard for medical students of developing countries like India.

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