The impact of winds and sea surface temperatures on the Barents Sea ice extent, a statistical approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 248-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Pavlova ◽  
Vladimir Pavlov ◽  
Sebastian Gerland
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Sensitivity experiments to sea surface temperatures, sea-ice extent and ice-sheet reconstruction, for the Last Glacial Maximum

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ramstein ◽  
S. Joussaume
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Ice Sheet Topography ◽  
The Last Glacial

For the Last Glacial Maximum, (LGM; 21 000 BP), simulations using atmospheric general-circulation models (AGCMs) are very sensitive to the prescribed boundary conditions. Most of the recent numerical experiments have used the CLIMAP (1981) data set for ice-sheet topography, sea-ice extent and sea surface temperatures (SSTs). To demonstrate the impact of ice-sheet reconstruction on the LGM climate, we performed two simulations: one using CLIMAP (1981) ice-sheet topography, the other using the new reconstruction provided by Peltier. We show that, although the geographical structure of the annually averaged temperature is not modified, there are important seasonal and regional impacts on the temperature distribution. In a second step, to analyze the effects of cooler SSTs and sea-ice extent, we performed a simulation using CLIMAP (1981) for the ice-sheet topography, but with present SSTs. We find that the cooling due to ice sheets for the LGM climate is one-third of the global annually averaged cooling, and dial the southward shift of the North Atlantic low in winter is not due to sea-ice extent, but is an orographic effect due to the Laurenride ice sheet. This set of sensitivity experiments allows us also to discriminate between thermal and orographic forcings and to show the impact of the ice-sheet topography and cooler SSTs on the pattern of planetary waves during the LGM climate.

scholarly journals Seasonal Prediction from Arctic Sea Surface Temperatures: Opportunities and Pitfalls

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (20) ◽  
pp. 8197-8210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik W. Kolstad ◽  
Marius Årthun
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Lagged Correlation ◽  
Sst Anomalies

Arctic sea ice extent and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies have been shown to be skillful predictors of weather anomalies in the midlatitudes on the seasonal time scale. In particular, below-normal sea ice extent in the Barents Sea in fall has sometimes preceded cold winters in parts of Eurasia. Here we explore the potential for predicting seasonal surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies in Europe from seasonal SST anomalies in the Nordic seas throughout the year. First, we show that fall SST anomalies not just in the Barents Sea but also in the Norwegian Sea have the potential to predict wintertime SAT anomalies in Europe. Norwegian Sea SST anomalies in spring are also significant predictors of European SAT anomalies in summer. Second, we demonstrate that the potential for prediction is sensitive to trends in the data. In particular, the lagged correlation between Norwegian Sea SST anomalies in spring and European SAT anomalies in summer is considerably higher for raw data than linearly detrended data, largely due to warming SST and SAT trends in recent decades. Third, we show that the potential for prediction has not been stationary in time. One key result is that, according to two twentieth-century reanalyses, the strength of the negative lagged correlation between Barents Sea SST anomalies in fall and European SAT anomalies in winter after 1979 is unprecedented since 1900.

scholarly journals Linkages between Arctic and Mid-Latitude Weather and Climate: Unraveling the Impact of Changing Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperatures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Jaiser ◽  
Mirseid Akperov ◽  
Alexander Timazhev ◽  
Erik Romanowsky ◽  
Dörthe Handorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

<p><span>The study addresses the question, if Arctic sea ice decline is the main driver of observed changes in terms of Arctic-midlatitude linkages during winter. We discuss, if the increase of global sea surface temperatures plays an additional role. A set of four model sensitivity experiments with different sea ice and sea surface temperature boundary conditions is analyzed and compared to observed changes in reanalysis data. A detection of atmospheric circulation regimes is performed. These regimes are evaluated for their cyclone and blocking characteristics and their changes in frequency during winter to reveal tropospheric changes induced by the change of boundary conditions. Furthermore, the impacts on the large-scale circulation up into the stratosphere are investigated. The results show that the impact from sea surface temperature changes is generally stronger than the impact of sea ice concentration changes alone. However, in particular in terms of the startospheric pathway, the combined impact of sea ice and sea surface temperature changes reproduces findings from the reanalysis best.</span></p><p><span>For early winter, the observed increase in atmospheric blocking in the region between Scandinavia and the Ural are primarily induced by the changes in sea surface temperatures. Nevertheless, the impacts on the stratospheric circulation in terms of a weakened polar vortex, are only observed if sea ice is reduced and sea surface temperatures are increased. Late winter impacts are more inconsistent in the model sensitivity study, but slightly improved when both components of forcing are changed. In this context, we further identify a discrepancy in the model to reproduce the weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex through blocking induced upward propagation of planetary waves.</span></p>

scholarly journals Sensitivity experiments to sea surface temperatures, sea-ice extent and ice-sheet reconstruction, for the Last Glacial Maximum

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ramstein ◽  
S. Joussaume
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Ice Sheet Topography ◽  
The Last Glacial

For the Last Glacial Maximum, (LGM; 21 000 BP), simulations using atmospheric general-circulation models (AGCMs) are very sensitive to the prescribed boundary conditions. Most of the recent numerical experiments have used the CLIMAP (1981) data set for ice-sheet topography, sea-ice extent and sea surface temperatures (SSTs). To demonstrate the impact of ice-sheet reconstruction on the LGM climate, we performed two simulations: one using CLIMAP (1981) ice-sheet topography, the other using the new reconstruction provided by Peltier. We show that, although the geographical structure of the annually averaged temperature is not modified, there are important seasonal and regional impacts on the temperature distribution. In a second step, to analyze the effects of cooler SSTs and sea-ice extent, we performed a simulation using CLIMAP (1981) for the ice-sheet topography, but with present SSTs. We find that the cooling due to ice sheets for the LGM climate is one-third of the global annually averaged cooling, and dial the southward shift of the North Atlantic low in winter is not due to sea-ice extent, but is an orographic effect due to the Laurenride ice sheet. This set of sensitivity experiments allows us also to discriminate between thermal and orographic forcings and to show the impact of the ice-sheet topography and cooler SSTs on the pattern of planetary waves during the LGM climate.

Last glacial sea surface temperatures and sea-ice extent in the Southern Ocean (Atlantic-Indian sector): A multiproxy approach

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gersonde ◽  
A. Abelmann ◽  
U. Brathauer ◽  
S. Becquey ◽  
C. Bianchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Multiproxy Approach ◽  
Indian Sector

scholarly journals The Impact of Stratospheric Circulation Extremes on Minimum Arctic Sea Ice Extent

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (18) ◽  
pp. 7169-7183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Smith ◽  
Lorenzo M. Polvani ◽  
L. Bruno Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Stratospheric Circulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice Extent

Given the rapidly changing Arctic climate, there is an urgent need for improved seasonal predictions of Arctic sea ice. Yet, Arctic sea ice prediction is inherently complex. Among other factors, wintertime atmospheric circulation has been shown to be predictive of summertime Arctic sea ice extent. Specifically, many studies have shown that the interannual variability of summertime Arctic sea ice extent (SIE) is anticorrelated with the leading mode of extratropical atmospheric variability, the Arctic Oscillation (AO), in the preceding winter. Given this relationship, the potential predictive role of stratospheric circulation extremes and stratosphere–troposphere coupling in linking the AO and Arctic SIE variability is examined. It is shown that extremes in the stratospheric circulation during the winter season, namely, stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) and strong polar vortex (SPV) events, are associated with significant anomalies in sea ice concentration in the Barents Sea in spring and along the Eurasian coastline in summer in both observations and a fully coupled, stratosphere-resolving general circulation model. Consistent with previous work on the AO, it is shown that SSWs, which are followed by the negative phase of the AO at the surface, result in sea ice growth, whereas SPVs, which are followed by the positive phase of the AO at the surface, result in sea ice loss, although the mechanisms in the Barents Sea and along the Eurasian coastline are different. The analysis suggests that the presence or absence of stratospheric circulation extremes in winter may play a nontrivial role in determining total September Arctic SIE when combined with other factors.

Palynological evidence of sea-surface conditions in the Barents Sea off northeast Svalbard during the postglacial period

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Camille Brice ◽  
Anne de Vernal ◽  
Elena Ivanova ◽  
Simon van Bellen ◽  
Nicolas Van Nieuwenhove
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Salinity ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
The Barents Sea

Abstract Postglacial changes in sea-surface conditions, including sea-ice cover, summer temperature, salinity, and productivity were reconstructed from the analyses of dinocyst assemblages in core S2528 collected in the northwestern Barents Sea. The results show glaciomarine-type conditions until about 11,300 ± 300 cal yr BP and limited influence of Atlantic water at the surface into the Barents Sea possibly due to the proximity of the Svalbard-Barents Sea ice sheet. This was followed by a transitional period generally characterized by cold conditions with dense sea-ice cover and low-salinity pulses likely related to episodic freshwater or meltwater discharge, which lasted until 8700 ± 700 cal yr BP. The onset of “interglacial” conditions in surface waters was marked by a major change in dinocyst assemblages, from dominant heterotrophic to dominant phototrophic taxa. Until 4100 ± 150 cal yr BP, however, sea-surface conditions remained cold, while sea-surface salinity and sea-ice cover recorded large amplitude variations. By ~4000 cal yr BP optimum sea-surface temperature of up to 4°C in summer and maximum salinity of ~34 psu suggest enhanced influence of Atlantic water, and productivity reached up to 150 gC/m2/yr. After 2200 ± 1300 cal yr BP, a distinct cooling trend accompanied by sea-ice spreading characterized surface waters. Hence, during the Holocene, with exception of an interval spanning about 4000 to 2000 cal yr BP, the northern Barents Sea experienced harsh environments, relatively low productivity, and unstable conditions probably unsuitable for human settlements.

scholarly journals Climate-driven benthic invertebrate activity and biogeochemical functioning across the Barents Sea polar front

2020 ◽  
Vol 378 (2181) ◽  
pp. 20190365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Solan ◽  
Ellie R. Ward ◽  
Christina L. Wood ◽  
Adam J. Reed ◽  
Laura J. Grange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Polar Front ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
The Barents Sea

Arctic marine ecosystems are undergoing rapid correction in response to multiple expressions of climate change, but the consequences of altered biodiversity for the sequestration, transformation and storage of nutrients are poorly constrained. Here, we determine the bioturbation activity of sediment-dwelling invertebrate communities over two consecutive summers that contrasted in sea-ice extent along a transect intersecting the polar front. We find a clear separation in community composition at the polar front that marks a transition in the type and amount of bioturbation activity, and associated nutrient concentrations, sufficient to distinguish a southern high from a northern low. While patterns in community structure reflect proximity to arctic versus boreal conditions, our observations strongly suggest that faunal activity is moderated by seasonal variations in sea ice extent that influence food supply to the benthos. Our observations help visualize how a climate-driven reorganization of the Barents Sea benthic ecosystem may be expressed, and emphasize the rapidity with which an entire region could experience a functional transformation. As strong benthic-pelagic coupling is typical across most parts of the Arctic shelf, the response of these ecosystems to a changing climate will have important ramifications for ecosystem functioning and the trophic structure of the entire food web. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The changing Arctic Ocean: consequences for biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning'.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document