Effects of vitamin D supplementation on insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk factors in children with metabolic syndrome: a triple-masked controlled trial

Abstract Background Low circulating vitamin D levels have been associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiometabolic risk factors in multiple epidemiology studies. However, whether this association is causal is still unclear. We aimed to test whether genetically lowered vitamin D levels were associated with MS and its metabolic traits, using mendelian randomization (MR) methodology. Methods Ten thousand six hundred fifty-five participants were enrolled from the SPECT-China study, which was performed in 23 sites in East China during 2014 to 2016. Using four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the DHCR7, CYP2R1, GC and CYP24A1 genes with known effects on 25(OH) D concentrations, we created a genetic risk score (GRS) as instrumental variable (IV) to estimate the effect of genetically lowered 25(OH) D on MS and cardiometabolic risk factors. MS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Results Lower measured 25(OH)D levels were associated with MS (OR 0.921, 95% CI 0.888, 0.954) after multivariable adjustment. However, the MR-derived odds ratio of genetically determined 25(OH) D for risk of MS was 0.977 (95% CI 0.966, 1.030). The MR-derived estimates for raised fasting plasma glucose was 0.578 (95% CI 0.321, 0.980) per 10 nmol/L GRSsynthesis determined increase of 25(OH) D levels. Conclusions We found no evidence that genetically determined reduction in 25(OH)D conferred an increased risk of MS and its metabolic traits. However, we created our GRS only on the basis of common variants, which represent limited amount of variance in 25(OH)D. MR studies using rare variants, and large-scale well-designed RCTs about the effect of vitamin D supplementation on MS are warranted to further validate the findings.

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Cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome in people with established psychotic illnesses: baseline data from the IMPaCT randomized controlled trial

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291715000562 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (12) ◽

pp. 2619-2629 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

P. Gardner-Sood ◽

J. Lally ◽

S. Smith ◽

Z. Atakan ◽

K. Ismail ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Functional Impairment ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Baseline Data ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Randomized Controlled

BackgroundThe aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and establish the proportion of people with psychosis meeting criteria for the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The study also aimed to identify the key lifestyle behaviours associated with increased risk of the MetS and to investigate whether the MetS is associated with illness severity and degree of functional impairment.MethodBaseline data were collected as part of a large randomized controlled trial (IMPaCT RCT). The study took place within community mental health teams in five Mental Health NHS Trusts in urban and rural locations across England. A total of 450 randomly selected out-patients, aged 18–65 years, with an established psychotic illness were recruited. We ascertained the prevalence rates of cardiometabolic risk factors, illness severity and functional impairment and calculated rates of the MetS, using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and National Cholesterol Education Program Third Adult Treatment Panel criteria.ResultsHigh rates of cardiometabolic risk factors were found. Nearly all women and most men had waist circumference exceeding the IDF threshold for central obesity. Half the sample was obese (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) and a fifth met the criteria for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Females were more likely to be obese than males (61% v. 42%, p < 0.001). Of the 308 patients with complete laboratory measures, 57% (n = 175) met the IDF criteria for the MetS.ConclusionsIn the UK, the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with psychotic illnesses is much higher than that observed in national general population studies as well as in most international studies of patients with psychosis.

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Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents and young adults

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114516001185 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 115 (11) ◽

pp. 1994-2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Lucinda J. Black ◽

Sally Burrows ◽

Robyn M. Lucas ◽

Carina E. Marshall ◽

Rae-Chi Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Over Time

AbstractEvidence associating serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors is inconsistent and studies have largely been conducted in adult populations. We examined the prospective associations between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors from adolescence to young adulthood in the West Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations, BMI, homoeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), TAG, HDL-cholesterol and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured at the 17-year (n 1015) and 20-year (n 1117) follow-ups. Hierarchical linear mixed models with maximum likelihood estimation were used to investigate associations between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors, accounting for potential confounders. In males and females, respectively, mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations were 73·6 (sd 28·2) and 75·4 (sd 25·9) nmol/l at 17 years and 70·0 (sd 24·2) and 74·3 (sd 26·2) nmol/l at 20 years. Deseasonalised serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations were inversely associated with BMI (coefficient −0·01; 95 % CI −0·03, −0·003; P=0·014). No change over time was detected in the association for males; for females, the inverse association was stronger at 20 years compared with 17 years. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were inversely associated with log-HOMA-IR (coefficient −0·002; 95 % CI −0·003, −0·001; P<0·001) and positively associated with log-TAG in females (coefficient 0·002; 95 % CI 0·0008, 0·004; P=0·003). These associations did not vary over time. There were no significant associations between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and HDL-cholesterol or SBP. Clinical trials in those with insufficient vitamin D status may be warranted to determine any beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation on insulin resistance, while monitoring for any deleterious effect on TAG.

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Vitamin D and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Overweight Adults: An Overview of the Evidence

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666190722103919 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (22) ◽

pp. 2407-2420 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ana Valer-Martinez ◽

J. Alfredo Martinez ◽

Carmen Sayon-Orea ◽

Fabio Galvano ◽

Giuseppe Grosso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Strong Association ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽

Overweight Adults

Background: Several studies have suggested a potential association between low vitamin D serum levels and several pathological conditions apart from the well-known bone disorders. Thus, vitamin D insufficiency has been linked to cardiometabolic risk factors including obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, as well as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Objective: This review intends to provide an overview of recent evidence from clinical studies on vitamin D [25- hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)] and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight adults. Furthermore, we also discussed potential mechanisms and limits of the retrieved results. Methods: The search process was based on the selection of publications (RCT) listed in PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. Results: Vitamin D status evidenced an inversely strong association with subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adiposity, but not significantly related to other bodyweight measures (i.e., body mass index). Studies have shown a potential inverse association of hypovitaminosis D with insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion: The mechanisms by which vitamin D deficiency enhances adiposity, as well as putative association with metabolic syndrome features, remain still unclear. Further investigation would be required to conclude whether vitamin D has an independent role in preventing cardiometabolic disorders.

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Vitamin D modifies the associations between circulating betatrophin and cardiometabolic risk factors among youths at risk for metabolic syndrome

Cardiovascular Diabetology ◽

10.1186/s12933-016-0461-y ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Junling Fu ◽

Cong Hou ◽

Lujiao Li ◽

Dan Feng ◽

Ge Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

At Risk ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

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A Unique Rodent Model of Cardiometabolic Risk Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2008-1612 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 150 (9) ◽

pp. 4425-4436 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Danni Shi ◽

Michael K. Dyck ◽

Richard R. E. Uwiera ◽

Jim C. Russell ◽

Spencer D. Proctor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Serum Testosterone ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Ovarian Morphology

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo-/anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology and is a complex endocrine disorder that also presents with features of the metabolic syndrome, including obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. These latter symptoms form cardiometabolic risk factors predisposing individuals to the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). To date, animal models to study PCOS in the context of the metabolic syndrome and CVD risk have been lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the JCR:LA-cp rodent as an animal model of PCOS associated with the metabolic syndrome. Metabolic indices were measured at 6 and 12 wk, and reproductive parameters including ovarian morphology and estrous cyclicity were assessed at 12 wk or adulthood. At 6 wk of age, the cp/cp genotype of the JCR:LA-cp strain developed visceral obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia (hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia) compared with control animals. Serum testosterone concentrations were not significantly different between groups at 6 wk of age. However, at 12 wk, the cp/cp genotype had higher serum testosterone concentrations, compared with control animals, and presented with oligoovulation, a decreased number of corpora lutea, and an increased number of total follicles, in particular atretic and cystic follicles. The cardiometabolic risk factors in the cp/cp animals were exacerbated at 12 wk including obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. The results of this study demonstrate that the JCR:LA-cp rodent may be a useful PCOS-like model to study early mechanisms involved in the etiology of cardiometabolic risk factors in the context of both PCOS and the metabolic syndrome.

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Evaluation of the effects of probiotic yoghurt on inflammation and cardiometabolic risk factors in subjects with metabolic syndrome: A randomised controlled trial

International Dairy Journal ◽

10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.104577 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 101 ◽

pp. 104577

Author(s):

Leila Rezazadeh ◽

Beitullah Alipour ◽

Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi ◽

Bahram Pourghassem Gargari

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Randomised Controlled

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Plasma vitamin D is associated with fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance in young adult males, but not females, of the Jerusalem Perinatal Study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980014001475 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 1324-1331 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Amy Moore ◽

Hagit Hochner ◽

Colleen M Sitlani ◽

Michelle A Williams ◽

Andrew N Hoofnagle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Young Adult ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Plasma Vitamin ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽

Homeostatic Model

AbstractObjectiveTo examine cross-sectional relationships between plasma vitamin D and cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults.DesignData were collected from interviews, physical examinations and biomarker measurements. Total plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured using LC–tandem MS. Associations between 25(OH)D and cardiometabolic risk factors were modelled using weighted linear regression with robust estimates of standard errors.SettingIndividuals born in Jerusalem during 1974–1976.SubjectsParticipants of the Jerusalem Perinatal Study (n 1204) interviewed and examined at age 32 years. Participants were oversampled for low and high birth weight and for maternal pre-pregnancy obesity.ResultsMean total 25(OH)D concentration among participants was 21·7 (sd 8·9) ng/ml. Among males, 25(OH)D was associated with homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (natural log-transformed, β=−0·011, P=0·004) after adjustment for BMI. However, these associations were not present among females (P for sex interaction=0·005).ConclusionsWe found evidence for inverse associations of 25(OH)D with markers of insulin resistance among males, but not females, in a healthy, young adult Caucasian population. Prospective studies and studies conducted on other populations investigating sex-specific effects of vitamin D on cardiometabolic risk factors are warranted.

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Cardiometabolic risk in survivors of childhood cancer who received hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT)

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.6532 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 6532-6532

Author(s):

K. S. Baker ◽

A. S. Kelly ◽

A. Petryk ◽

A. R. Sinaiko ◽

L. M. Steffen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Childhood Cancer ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Healthy Sibling ◽

Survivors Of Childhood Cancer

6532 Background: Evidence suggests that survivors of childhood cancer are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes with even higher risk in those who received HCT. The purpose of this study was to compare the cardiometabolic risk factor profile in HCT patients and healthy sibling controls. Methods: Measures of insulin resistance (euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp adjusted for lean body mass [Mlbm], low Mlbm represents insulin resistance), fasting glucose, insulin, lipids, anthropometry, blood pressure (BP), and carotid artery compliance and distensibility (lower values represent arterial stiffness) were determined in 87 children and young adults (current age 27.3 yr, 57% male) who had received HCT for hematologic malignancy during childhood (mean age at HCT 11.8 yr) and 55 healthy sibling controls (current age=25.2 yr, 51% male). Linear regression models were used to evaluate risk factors between groups after adjusting for age, gender, pubertal stage, body mass index (BMI), and carotid lumen diameter (stiffness measures only). Results: Metabolic syndrome (ATP III criteria for adults, modified criteria for children) was present in 13 (14.9%) HCT survivors and 4 (7.3%) controls (p=0.19). Thirty-one (35.6%) survivors and 9 (16.4%) controls had two or more components of the metabolic syndrome (p=0.11). There were no differences between groups for BMI, waist circumference, percent body fat, or BP. HCT survivors had higher triglycerides, fasting glucose and insulin, lower HDL cholesterol, arterial distensibility, and were more insulin resistant (Table). Conclusions: HCT survivors have increased cardiometabolic risk factors independent of obesity suggesting that cancer itself and/or associated treatment exposures have a direct influence on CVD risk and that early screening and management of cardiometabolic risk factors should be considered in HCT survivors. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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