Low-frequency rTMS is better tolerated than high-frequency rTMS in healthy people: Empirical evidence from a single session study

A party is dominant if there is a majority coalition to which that party belongs such that it affords this party more possibilities to form an alternative winning coalition than any of the other members of the coalition. I present empirical evidence showing that an allocation of seats in a parliament is biased toward the high frequency occurrence of a dominant party and the low frequency occurrence of a dictator. If a dominant party forms a cabinet coalition, and if that cabinet coalition has a majority in parliament, then the dominant party tends to form a coalition which it dominates.

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Neurocognitive Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease Without Dementia

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803.22.1.14 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 14-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. Sedlackova ◽

I. Rektorova ◽

Z. Fanfrdlova ◽

I. Rektor

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

High Frequency ◽

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Specific Effect ◽

Frameless Stereotaxy ◽

Stimulation Site ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Vascular Type ◽

Low Frequency Rtms

Aims: The results of our pilot study suggested that one session of high frequency rTMS applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) might induce measurable positive effects on executive functioning in patients with mild cognitive impairment of the vascular type without dementia (MCI-V). The aims of the current study were to replicate the results of our pilot study using a frameless stereotaxy as opposed to the standard and routinely used procedure. We also studied the effects of low frequency rTMS. Patients and method: Seven patients with MCI-V participated in a randomized, controlled, blind study with a crossover design. Each patient received 10 Hz and 1 Hz stimulation over the left DLPFC (an active stimulation site) or the motor cortex (MC; a control stimulation site). Frameless stereotaxy was used to target the DLPFC. The order of sites and frequencies was randomized. A short battery of neuropsychological tests was performed to evaluate executive function, working memory, and psychomotor speed. Results: One session of both high and low frequency rTMS was well tolerated and safe in terms of the cognitive after-effects in patients with MCI-V. We did not observe any significant frequency dependent or stimulation site-dependent cognitive effects of rTMS. Conclusion: We found neither positive nor negative significant effect of either low or high frequency rTMS applied over the DLPFC or the MC, while a mild positive site-specific effect of 10 Hz rTMS was observed in our pilot study on the Stroop interference results. These results suggested that MCI-V is a heterogeneous and poorly defined entity and, thus, rTMS might be useful in a subpopulation of this group of patients.

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The effects of different frequencies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on intracranial neurotransmitters in patients with swallowing disorders after cerebral infarction

10.21203/rs.2.10769/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yupeng Du ◽

Li Wei ◽

Huangwei Jiang

Keyword(s):

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Cerebral Infarction ◽

Test Scores ◽

High Frequency ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Swallowing Disorders ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Frequency Rtms

Abstract Objective To study the improvements and mechanism of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on swallowing disorders after cerebral infarction. Methods A total of 60 patients with swallowing disorders were randomly assigned to receive high/low-frequency rTMS treatment, another 30 patients without rTMS treatment were included in the control group. The Kubota’s water-swallowing test, video fluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), and major intracranial neurotransmitters were analyzed before and after treatment. Results No significant difference was observed in the Kubota’s water-swallowing test scores, the VFSS scores, or the levels of intracranial neurotransmitters between the three groups before treatment. The Kubota’s water-swallowing test scores were significantly reduced after high-frequency rTMS treatment than in the control group; the aspiration degree was significantly increased after high-frequency rTMS treatment than in the control group; the levels of glutamate and dopamine were significantly increased after high-frequency rTMS treatment than in the control group; Moreover, the Kubota’s water-swallowing test scores were significantly reduced after high-frequency rTMS treatment than after low-frequency rTMS treatment; the levels of glutamate and dopamine were significantly increased after high-frequency rTMS treatment than after low-frequency rTMS treatment. Conclusions High-frequency rTMS was effective for swallowing disorders, which may be related to increased levels of intracranial glutamate and dopamine.

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