Personality and psychopathology: Higher order relations between the five factor model of personality and the MMPI-2 Restructured Form

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 572-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul T. van der Heijden ◽  
Gina M.P. Rossi ◽  
William M. van der Veld ◽  
Jan J.L. Derksen ◽  
Jos I.M. Egger
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Order Relations

scholarly journals Traits and values as predictors of the frequency of everyday behavior: Comparison between models and levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Skimina ◽  
Jan Cieciuch ◽  
Włodzimierz Strus
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Derived Categories ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Hexaco Model

AbstractThe aims of this study were to compare (a) personality traits vs personal values, (b) Five-Factor Model (FFM) vs HEXACO model of personality traits, and (c) broad vs narrow personality constructs in terms of their relationship with the frequency of everyday behaviors. These relationships were analyzed at three organizational levels of self-reported behavior: (a) single behavioral acts, (b) behavioral components (empirically derived categories of similar behaviors), and (c) two higher-order factors. The study was conducted on a Polish sample (N = 532, age range 16–72). We found that (a) even the frequencies of single behavioral acts were related to various personality constructs instead of one narrow trait or value, (b) personality traits and personal values were comparable as predictors of a wide range of everyday behaviors, (c) HEXACO correlated with the frequency of behaviors slightly higher than FFM, and (d) narrow and broad personality constructs did not differ substantially as predictors of everyday behavior at the levels of acts and components, but at the level of higher-order behavioral factors, broad personality measures were better predictors than narrow ones.

Genetic and Environmental Architecture of Five Factor Model and Super-Factors: An Italian Twin Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Gigantesco ◽  
Corrado Fagnani ◽  
Guido Alessandri ◽  
Enrica Carluccio ◽  
Maria Antonietta Stazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Twin Design ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Genes And Environment

Abstract No previous research explored the genetic and environmental structure of Big Five dimensions of personality and higher-order factors in a single twin study, except, in part, for just one study. We used the twin design to estimate the effects of genes and environment on both Five Factor model and related second- and third-order factors (i.e., Alpha [stability], Beta [plasticity], and GFP [general factor of personality]). We analyzed data from 314 adult twins (157 pairs: 83 monozygotic, 74 dizygotic; mean age: 52 years) enrolled in the Italian Twin Register. Participants underwent clinical and instrumental evaluations, and completed a 25-adjective list drawn from the Short Adjectives Checklist to Measure Big Five (SACBIF). We applied quantitative genetic models to unravel the sources of variation and covariation for the Big Five and higher-order factors. We found a similar etiological architecture across the different levels of analysis, with moderate to substantial non-additive genetic and unique environmental influences on all the personality traits, and no shared environmental contribution for any of them. We also detected significant genetic correlations for the Big Five dimensions and the Alpha and Beta super-factors. With some limitations, our results suggest that the etiological architecture of personality may be invariant to the factor level of analysis.

Perfectionism Dimensions and the Five–factor Model of Personality

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Dunkley ◽  
Kirk R. Blankstein ◽  
Jody–Lynn Berg
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Personal Standards ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Evaluative Concerns ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

This study of university students ( n = 357) and community adults ( n = 223) examined personal standards (PS) and evaluative concerns (EC) higher–order dimensions of perfectionism that underlie several measures from three different theoretical frameworks. In both students and community adults, confirmatory factor analyses supported PS perfectionism and EC perfectionism higher–order latent factors. In relation to the revised NEO Personality Inventory, PS perfectionism was primarily related to conscientiousness and achievement striving. In contrast, EC perfectionism was primarily related to neuroticism, and lower positive emotions, trust and competence. EC perfectionism accounted for unique variance in current depressive and anxious symptoms over and above the five–factor domain scores. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Design Matters: Development and Validation of the Online Course Design Elements (OCDE) Instrument

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-71
Author(s):  
Florence Martin ◽  
Doris U. Bolliger ◽  
Claudia Flowers
Keyword(s):  
Course Design ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Online Course ◽  
Instructional Designers ◽  
Online Course Design ◽  
Online Instructors ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Development And Validation

Course design is critical to online student engagement and retention. This study focused on the development and validation of an online course design elements (OCDE) instrument with 38 Likert-type scale items in five subscales: (a) overview, (b) content presentation, (c) interaction and communication, (d) assessment and evaluation, and (e) learner support. The validation process included implementation with 222 online instructors and instructional designers in higher education. Three models were evaluated which included a one-factor model, five-factor model, and higher-order model. The five-factor and higher-order models aligned with the development of the OCDE. The frequency of use of OCDE items was rated above the mean 4.0 except for two items on collaboration and self-assessment. The overall OCDE score was related to self-reported levels of expertise but not with years of experience. The findings have implications for the use of this instrument with online instructors and instructional designers in the design of online courses.

scholarly journals Personality Correlates of Midlife Cardiometabolic Risk: The Explanatory Role of Higher-Order Factors of the Five-Factor Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah S. Dermody ◽  
Aidan G. C. Wright ◽  
JeeWon Cheong ◽  
Karissa G. Miller ◽  
Matthew F. Muldoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Explanatory Role ◽  
Personality Correlates

scholarly journals Maladaptive Variants of Adaptive Traits and Bloated Specific Factors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Oltmanns ◽  
Thomas A. Widiger
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Specific Factors

The five-factor model of personality disorder (FFMPD) hypothesizes that the traditionally adaptive five-factor model (FFM) poles (e.g., agreeableness) include maladaptive variants. However, “bloated specific factors” (BSFs), which are artifactual factors that emerge when a specific facet of a broader construct is over-represented, complicate research on the maladaptive variants. Twenty-five sets of factor analyses are completed herein demonstrating that items from maladaptive trait facet scales form BSFs when over-represented in factor analyses with other FFM indicators, separating from the higher-order domains in which they were originally located. These results held in 23 of 25 cases. Ensuring balanced collections of scales representing constructs would help researchers avoid BSFs. The implications of BSFs for future research on personality structure are discussed.

Universal and Specific in the Five Factor Model of Personality

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jüri Allik ◽  
Anu Realo
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
The Common ◽  
Different Levels

Personality psychologists—perhaps even more than in some other disciplines—are deeply interested in what is common to personality descriptions in all cultures and societies. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the potential universality of the Five Factor Model (FFM) of general personality structure. The chapter begins with a discussion of what is meant, or should be meant, by a universal. Discussed then is the empirical support, as well as the conceptual and empirical difficulty, in establishing universality in personality structure, for the FFM as well as other dimensional models. The chapter then considers different levels of analysis (including cultural and intraindividual analyses), higher-order invariants (including sex differences, age differences, and differences in perspective), and whether mean levels are universal. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the basis for personality universals, as well as addressing the common challenges to universality.

Validation of Work Need Satisfaction Scales Among Chinese Working Adults: A Psychology of Working Theory Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 106907272110323
Author(s):  
Yan Xu ◽  
Chaoping Li ◽  
Jiayan Wang ◽  
Yuanmei Lan
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Psychology Of Working

This study translated the Work Need Satisfaction Scales (WNSS), which was conceptualized in the Psychology of Working Theory (PWT), and tested the reliability and validity of the Chinese version (WNSS-C). In Study 1 ( N = 423), the WNSS was translated into Chinese, and an exploratory factor analysis yielded a five-factor solution representing needs related to survival, social contribution, competence, relatedness, and autonomy. In Study 2 ( N = 425), confirmatory factor analyses found no significant differences between the correlated five-factor, higher-order, and higher-order self-determination needs models. The results suggest the effectiveness of using a flexible five-factor model. Then, configural, metric, and scalar invariance models were tested, demonstrating that the WNSS-C is equivalent across gender, age, education level, and job position. Finally, we tested the concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity of the WNSS-C and demonstrated that WNSS-C is a useful tool in the Chinese context.

Assessing personality traits associated with depression: the utility of a tiered model

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1131-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
GORDON PARKER ◽  
VIJAYA MANICAVASAGAR ◽  
JO CRAWFORD ◽  
LUCY TULLY ◽  
GEMMA GLADSTONE
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Fixed Model

Background. We sought to develop a refined measure of eight personality traits or constructs observed in those who develop depression. We report the psychometric properties of the derived Temperament and Personality (T&P) questionnaire, as well as a pilot study examining its capacity to differentiate over-represented personality traits in those with depression.Method. The factor structure of the T&P measure was examined in a general practice sample of 529 subjects. We imposed a range of factorial solutions to determine how higher-order molar constructs arborized to eight lower-order constructs. Scale scores generated at each derived tier were contrasted for 52 out-patients with major depression and control subjects from the general practice sample to pursue over-represented personality constructs, and to clarify if an optimal number of constructs could be identified.Results. In the factor analysis, some 90% of the items loaded on their a priori construct. The questionnaire showed high internal consistency, test–retest reliability and minimal sensitivity to mood state effects. Analyses rejected the hypothesis that risk to depression might be generally affected by individuals merely scoring high on all ‘normal’ personality styles, whether higher-order or lower-order traits.Conclusions. Findings suggest that, while identified constructs linked well with the widely accepted theoretical model of personality (the Five Factor Model) at one tier, such a fixed model may be too inflexible. We therefore detail potential advantages to using a multi-tiered model of personality traits in application studies.

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