scholarly journals Traits and values as predictors of the frequency of everyday behavior: Comparison between models and levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Skimina ◽  
Jan Cieciuch ◽  
Włodzimierz Strus
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Derived Categories ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Hexaco Model

AbstractThe aims of this study were to compare (a) personality traits vs personal values, (b) Five-Factor Model (FFM) vs HEXACO model of personality traits, and (c) broad vs narrow personality constructs in terms of their relationship with the frequency of everyday behaviors. These relationships were analyzed at three organizational levels of self-reported behavior: (a) single behavioral acts, (b) behavioral components (empirically derived categories of similar behaviors), and (c) two higher-order factors. The study was conducted on a Polish sample (N = 532, age range 16–72). We found that (a) even the frequencies of single behavioral acts were related to various personality constructs instead of one narrow trait or value, (b) personality traits and personal values were comparable as predictors of a wide range of everyday behaviors, (c) HEXACO correlated with the frequency of behaviors slightly higher than FFM, and (d) narrow and broad personality constructs did not differ substantially as predictors of everyday behavior at the levels of acts and components, but at the level of higher-order behavioral factors, broad personality measures were better predictors than narrow ones.

scholarly journals PERSONALITY TRAITS AND VERBAL FLUENCY IN 10 COHORTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S777-S778
Author(s):  
Antonio Terracciano ◽  
Angelina R Sutin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Personality traits are associated with cognitive outcomes across the lifespan, including cognitive function in young adulthood and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in old age. This study examined the association between the Five Factor Model personality traits and verbal fluency in 10 cohorts (11 samples) that totaled more than 90,000 participants (age range 16-101). Meta-analysis indicated that participants who scored lower in Neuroticism, and higher in Extraversion, Openness, and Conscientiousness retrieved more words, independent of age, gender, and education. These associations were consistent across semantic and letter fluency tasks. Moderation analysis indicated that the associations between personality and semantic fluency were stronger in older samples (except for Openness) and among individuals with lower education. This pattern suggests that these associations are stronger in groups vulnerable to cognitive impairment and dementia. Personality traits have pervasive associations with fluency tasks that are replicable across samples and age groups.

How do personality traits affect communication among users in online social networks?

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Maria Balmaceda ◽  
Silvia Schiaffino ◽  
Daniela Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Similarity Attraction

Purpose – The purpose of this work is to analyse the relationships between the personality traits of linked users in online social networks. First the authors tried to discover relation patterns between personality dimensions in conversations. They also wanted to verify some hypotheses: whether users' personality is stable throughout different conversation threads and whether the similarity-attraction paradigm can be verified in this context. They used the five factor model of personality or Big Five, which has been widely studied in psychology. Design/methodology/approach – One of the approaches to detect users' personalities is by analysing the language they use when they talk to others. Based on this assumption the authors computed users' personality from the conversations extracted from the MySpace social network. Then the authors analysed the relationships among personality traits of users to discover patterns. Findings – The authors found that there are patterns between some personality dimensions in conversation threads, for example, agreeable people tend to communicate with extroverted people. They confirmed that the personality stability theory can be verified in social networks. Finally the authors could verify the similarity-attraction paradigm for some values of personality traits, such as extroversion, agreeableness, and openness to experience. Originality/value – The results the authors found provide some clues about how people communicate within online social networks, particularly who they tend to communicate with depending on their personality. The discovered patterns can be used in a wide range of applications, such as suggesting contacts in online social networks. Although some studies have been made regarding the role of personality in social media, no similar analysis has been done to evaluate how users communicate in social media considering their personality.

Assessing personality traits associated with depression: the utility of a tiered model

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1131-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
GORDON PARKER ◽  
VIJAYA MANICAVASAGAR ◽  
JO CRAWFORD ◽  
LUCY TULLY ◽  
GEMMA GLADSTONE
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Fixed Model

Background. We sought to develop a refined measure of eight personality traits or constructs observed in those who develop depression. We report the psychometric properties of the derived Temperament and Personality (T&P) questionnaire, as well as a pilot study examining its capacity to differentiate over-represented personality traits in those with depression.Method. The factor structure of the T&P measure was examined in a general practice sample of 529 subjects. We imposed a range of factorial solutions to determine how higher-order molar constructs arborized to eight lower-order constructs. Scale scores generated at each derived tier were contrasted for 52 out-patients with major depression and control subjects from the general practice sample to pursue over-represented personality constructs, and to clarify if an optimal number of constructs could be identified.Results. In the factor analysis, some 90% of the items loaded on their a priori construct. The questionnaire showed high internal consistency, test–retest reliability and minimal sensitivity to mood state effects. Analyses rejected the hypothesis that risk to depression might be generally affected by individuals merely scoring high on all ‘normal’ personality styles, whether higher-order or lower-order traits.Conclusions. Findings suggest that, while identified constructs linked well with the widely accepted theoretical model of personality (the Five Factor Model) at one tier, such a fixed model may be too inflexible. We therefore detail potential advantages to using a multi-tiered model of personality traits in application studies.

scholarly journals Relationship between emotional reactivity to visual stimuli and basic personality traits

Psihologija ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 29-29
Author(s):  
Andjela Soskic ◽  
Boris Djurovic ◽  
Goran Opacic
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Electrodermal Response ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Aversive Stimuli ◽  
Electrodermal Reactivity ◽  
Hexaco Model

Two studies with the same goal, but different instruments, investigated the correlation between basic personality traits and electrodermal reactivity to aversive visual stimuli. Study 1 focused on the Five Factor Model traits, while in Study 2, we investigated the HEXACO model, and an additional trait, Disintegration. In Study 1, emotional reactivity was expressed using Polyscore, a composite polygraph measure in which electrodermal response (EDR) had the largest weight, and it was measured with respect to stimuli with positive, neutral, and negative valences. In Study 2, we employed several measures of EDR to stimuli with negative valence. In both experiments, Conscientiousness correlated positively with EDR to aversive stimuli. Additionally, in Study 2, there was a negative correlation between Disintegration and EDR to aversive stimuli. Other traits were not related to EDR to aversive stimuli, and, in Study 1, we found no relationship between personality traits and reactivity to stimuli with positive or neutral valence.

scholarly journals An fMRI investigation of the relations between Extraversion, internalizing psychopathology, and neural activation following reward receipt in the Human Connectome Project sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtland S. Hyatt ◽  
Emily S. Hallowell ◽  
Max M. Owens ◽  
Brandon M. Weiss ◽  
Lawrence H. Sweet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Internalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Human Connectome Project

Abstract Quantitative models of psychopathology (i.e., HiTOP) propose that personality and psychopathology are intertwined, such that the various processes that characterize personality traits may be useful in describing and predicting manifestations of psychopathology. In the current study, we used data from the Human Connectome Project (N = 1050) to investigate neural activation following receipt of a reward during an fMRI task as one shared mechanism that may be related to the personality trait Extraversion (specifically its sub-component Agentic Extraversion) and internalizing psychopathology. We also conducted exploratory analyses on the links between neural activation following reward receipt and the other Five-Factor Model personality traits, as well as separate analyses by gender. No significant relations (p < .005) were observed between any personality trait or index of psychopathology and neural activation following reward receipt, and most effect sizes were null to very small in nature (i.e., r < |.05|). We conclude by discussing the appropriate interpretation of these null findings, and provide suggestions for future research that spans psychological and neurobiological levels of analysis.

A Comparison of Two Five-Factor Model Operationalizations of the Triarchic Model of Psychopathy in a Clinical Sample

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110061
Author(s):  
Jared R. Ruchensky ◽  
M. Brent Donnellan ◽  
Christopher J. Hopwood ◽  
John F. Edens ◽  
Andrew E. Skodol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory Revised ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Triarchic Model

Structural models of personality traits, particularly the five-factor model (FFM), continue to inform ongoing debates regarding what personality attributes and trait domains are central to psychopathy. A growing body of literature has linked the constructs of the triarchic model of psychopathy (boldness, meanness, disinhibition) to the FFM. Recently, researchers developed both item and regression-based measures of the triarchic model of psychopathy using the NEO Personality Inventory–Revised—a popular measure of the FFM. The current study examines the correlates of these two FFM-derived operationalizations of the triarchic model using data from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. The two approaches had strong convergent validity coefficients and similar patterns of criterion-related validity coefficients. Meanness related to greater personality pathology characterized by exploitation of others and poor attachment, whereas disinhibition related to indicators of greater negative affect and poor behavioral constraint. Boldness related to reduced negative affect and greater narcissistic personality traits. Although the item and regression-based approaches showed similar patterns of associations with criterion-variables, the item-based approach has some practical and psychometric advantages over the regression-based approach given strong correlations between the meanness and disinhibition scores from the regression approach.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of the Influence Regulation and Deinfluentization Scale (DEI-beh)

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kożusznik ◽  
Anita Pollak ◽  
Dominik Adamek ◽  
Damian Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Managerial Effectiveness ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Validation Procedure ◽  
Reciprocal Influences ◽  
Development And Validation

Abstract Our article presents work on the development and validation of Influence Regulation and Deinfluentization Scale (DEI-beh). Reviewing concepts regarding its influence constitutes an introduction to the original deinfluentization concept coined by Barbara Kożusznik. The author’s theory has provided the basis for creating a diagnostic tool. The elaborated DEI-beh method consists in evaluating conditions which determine managerial effectiveness and shape reciprocal influences among team members. Our article describes this tool’s creation and its validation procedure. Positive relationships between DEI-beh’s individual dimensions and temperament characteristics, defined in Pavlov’s concept (1952), and selected personality traits, proposed in the Five-Factor Model Personality by Costa and McCrae (1992), confirm the tool’s external validity.

Personality and psychopathology: Higher order relations between the five factor model of personality and the MMPI-2 Restructured Form

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 572-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul T. van der Heijden ◽  
Gina M.P. Rossi ◽  
William M. van der Veld ◽  
Jan J.L. Derksen ◽  
Jos I.M. Egger
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Order Relations

Personality of children with accident‐related injuries

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarete Vollrath ◽  
Markus A. Landolt ◽  
Karin Ribi
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
School Children ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Personality Inventory For Children ◽  
Comprehensive Test

Previous studies based on a variety of behaviour, temperament, and personality measures identified a pattern of over‐activity, impulsiveness, emotional instability, and aggressiveness in children who are prone to accidents. The present study is the first to study accident‐prone children by means of a comprehensive test for the assessment of the Five Factor model (Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children (HiPIC) (Mervielde & De Fruyt, 1999). 118 children, aged 6–15 years, who were hospitalized due to an accident‐related injury, were contrasted with 184 school‐children of the same age. Lower socio‐economic status was under‐represented in both groups. Children who were exposed to accidents had higher scores on the facets of energy, optimism, and non‐shyness (Extraversion domain), and lower scores on the facets of concentration and achievement striving (Conscientiousness domain). There was no indication of higher aggressiveness, impulsiveness, or emotional instability in the group exposed to accidents, and there were no gender‐by‐accident interactions. Results suggest that there is a relatively benign pattern of personality traits that is related to greater accident hazard in children. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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