SEM observations on the vegetative plant parts of Acantholimon riyatguelii Yıldırım (Plumbaginaceae), a local endemic restricted to gypsum habitats

2021 ◽  
pp. 107830
Author(s):  
Ayşenur Kayabaş
Keyword(s):  
Plant Parts ◽  
Vegetative Plant ◽  
Local Endemic

scholarly journals PHYTOREMEDIATION OF HEAVY METALS BY THE DOMINANT MANGROVE ASSOCIATE SPECIES OF INDIAN SUNDARBANS

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-402
Author(s):  
Pritam Mukherjee ◽  
Prosenjit Pramanick ◽  
Sufia Zaman ◽  
Abhijit Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organ Specificity ◽  
Salicornia Brachiata ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Vegetative Plant ◽  
Suaeda Maritima ◽  
Indian Sundarbans ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Associate Species ◽  
Mangrove Associate

The present study aims to investigate the phytoremediation potential of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) by two dominant mangrove associate species, Suaeda maritima, and Salicornia brachiata, found in the high saline supralittoral zone of Indian Sundarbans in four stations of the Hooghly-Matla estuarine complex during the premonsoon season (May 2019). We found that concentrations of biologically available heavy metals (HMs) in the ambient soil and bioaccumulated HMs within the vegetative plant parts occurred as per the order: Sagar South > Bakkhali > Jharkhali > Bali Island. The order of biologically available and bioaccumulated HMs was Zn > Cu > Pb. Interestingly, the selected HMs display high organ-specificity for both species with the highest enrichment in roots, followed by stems and leaves. We propose that these halophytes could be used as agents of phytoremediation and their farming would be effective in the ecorestoration of this deltaic complex in context to conservative pollutants.

Foraging profiles of sympatric lowland gorillas and chimpanzees in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon

1991 ◽  
Vol 334 (1270) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Niche Separation ◽  
Plant Defences ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Vegetative Plant ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Physical Plant ◽  
Competition For Food

Comparison of the diets of sympatric gorillas and chimpanzees allows an analysis of niche separation between these two closely related species. Qualitatively, their diets are similar, being dominated by an equally diverse array of fruit species complemented with vegetative plant parts, seeds and insects. Gorillas eat more vegetative plant parts than do chimpanzees, but niche separation is most obvious in periods of fruit scarcity when the two species show different strategies that reduce competition for food. Their abilities to overcome mechanical and physical plant defences appear to differ, as gorillas are able to subsist entirely on abundant vegetative foods. Chimpanzees show social adjustment, foraging alone or in small groups, to reduce intra-specific competition for scarce fruit resources. Thus it seems that subtle physiological differences have far-reaching repercussions, defining potential evolutionary pathways for social organization and allowing sufficient niche separation between species.

scholarly journals A contribution to ethnobotany and review of phytochemistry and biological activities of the Iranian local endemic species Sclerorhachis leptoclada Rech.f.

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toktam Mohammadi ◽  
Atefeh Pirani ◽  
Jamil Vaezi ◽  
Hamid Moazzeni
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Local People ◽  
Ethnobotanical Study ◽  
Ethnobotanical Survey ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
East Of Iran ◽  
Local Endemic ◽  
Ethnobotanical Uses

Background: Sclerorhachis leptoclada Rech.f. is endemic to the South Khorassan province in east of Iran. Although S. leptoclada has been widely used as medicinal and edible plant by indigenous people, its ethnobotanical uses have not been well documented yet. This study presents the results of an ethnobotanical survey and reviews phytochemistry and biological activities of S. leptoclada. Methods: The ethnobotanical study was conducted in Birjand and adjacent areas between March 2018 and December 2019. During this survey, 58 local people were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The ethnobotanical data were analyzed by using indices Fidelity Level (FL) and Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC). In addition, the available scientific literatures were reviewed to avail the information on phytochemistry and biological activities of Sclerorhachis leptoclada. Results: The present study revealed the folklore uses of Sclerorhachis leptoclada for different purposes such as increasing lactation, blood purification, treating digestive disorders, headache, body pains, herpes, and cold. The literature review showed that a total of 57 compounds have been isolated from S. leptoclada. Conclusions: Variety of ethnomedicinal uses of Sclerorhachis leptoclada highlights its notable pharmacological potential. However, further tests on its bioactivity, active phytochemicals, and their mechanisms of action are needed to ensure a safe use. The limited distribution of the plant and excessive harvesting of the aerial plant parts necessitate educating local people to conserve populations of this local endemic species. Keywords: Asteraceae, ethnobotany, Iran, medicinal plants, Sclerorhachis

Residue Levels of Daminozide in Apple Trees Sprayed the Preceding Spring and Summer

1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1058-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. DOZIER ◽  
K. S. RYMAL ◽  
J. W. KNOWLES ◽  
J. A. PITTS ◽  
R. B. REED
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Vegetative Plant ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Low Levels

Daminozide residue levels in fruit and vegetative parts of apple trees were determined the year following foliar spray treatments with daminozide at recommended rates and times and at excessive rates and times closer to harvest than recommended. Trees were sampled in December, March and August following spraying. Daminozide residues were found in all vegetative plant parts, with the highest residue levels found in the buds, bark and xylem of spurs, and in terminal and lateral buds; the lowest residue levels were found in the bark and xylem of stems. Residue levels were affected by both rate and time of application. Residue levels increased as application rates increased, but the response to rate was less when treatments were applied 21 d after bloom (125 d before harvest) than when treatments were applied closer to harvest. The highest residue levels were from treatments applied the day of harvest. Higher residue levels were found in March samples than December samples. Residues had been dissipated to low levels by the August sampling date. No daminozide residues were found in apple fruit from trees treated the previous year with recommended levels of daminozide applied at the recommended time. However, low residue levels were found in fruit treated with 2 × and 4 × rates of daminozide at times closer to harvest than recommended.

Eco-ethology of the common langur Semnopithecus entellus (Dufresne) in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Farid Ahsan ◽  
MA Reza Khan
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Police Station ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Vegetative Plant ◽  
Semnopithecus Entellus ◽  
Average Group ◽  
The Common ◽  
Average Group Size

Eco-ethological aspects of the common langur (Hanuman) Semnopithecus entellus (Dufresne) were studied between July and September 1981 in the rural areas of Keshabpur Police Station, Jessore, Bangladesh. Three bisexual troops were monitored for 355 hrs for determining group-size and composition, age-sex relationship, and other ecological and behavioural features. The average group-size was 13.67±0.00 in July and 14.67±1.33 in September. Of the major diurnal activities viz., rest, move, sit, social groom, self groom, play and feed, the Hanumans spent maximum time in sitting (44.32%). Dyad behaviour of the Hanumans and their relationships with other animals including man has been described. Hanumans used more than 60 species as food plants of which 43 were identified. They mostly ate vegetative plant parts (74.88%), thus indicating their folivorous nature. The welfare of the Hanumans has also been dealt with. Key words: Common langur (Hanuman), Semnopithecus entellus, ecology, ethology, Bangladesh Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol.25 2006 p.3-10

Nitrogen accumulation and remobilisation in wheat of sup 15N-urea applied to a duplex soil at seeding

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Palta ◽  
IR Fillery
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Vegetative Plant ◽  
15N Urea

Accumulation and remobilisation of 15N-labelled urea by wheat grown on a duplex soil at East Beverley, Western Australia, was investigated. 15N-urea was applied to microplots in a field experiment at 5.2 g N/m2 at seeding. The microplots were sampled at tillering, stem elongation, anthesis, and maturity. A maximum of 10.6 g N/m2 was accumulated by anthesis and no additional N was accumulated to maturity. Most N uptake occurred between tillering and stem elongation when plant N increased by 7 g/m2. Nitrogen loss of about 1.2 g/m2 occurred after anthesis. Post-anthesis remobilisation from the vegetative plant parts accounted for 69% of the N measured in the heads. Remobilisation from the straw of the mainstem and tiller 1, respectively, was 68 and 71% of the N measured in the heads. The balance of about 0.7 and 0.4 g N/m2for the mainstem and tiller 1 was presumably obtained from tiller 2 and 3, from which losses were 0.4 and 0.6 g N/m2, respectively. Recovery of 15N-labelled urea in the plant was 39% and the apparent efficiency of utilisation of the N fertiliser applied at seeding was 50%. These low recoveries in the plant indicate a need to improve N utilisation by wheat in duplex soils.

Stem Xylem as a Possible Pathway for Mineral Retranslocation From Senescing Leaves to the Ear in Wheat

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Martin
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Potassium Transport ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Vegetative Plant ◽  
Nitrogen Retranslocation ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Retranslocation of mineral nutrients in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Kolibri) during the development phase from 19-22 days post-anthesis to maturity was investigated in isolated culms (with three leaves attached). From the amounts present in leaves and stem at the time when the culms were detached, 75% nitrogen, 86% phosphorus, 22% potassium, and 37% magnesium were retranslocated from vegetative plant parts to the ear. No calcium was retranslocated from the leaves, but up to 27% calcium in the stem was relocated. Steam girdling of the stem between the flag leaf and the ear did not change the amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium retranslocated and transported to the ear but reduced calcium movement slightly. Potassium transport to the ear was, however, almost completely inhibited by the phloem discontinuity induced by steam girdling. The results for nitrogen and potassium were confirmed in short-term experiments (24-48 h) using 15N and 86Rb. In a comparison between girdled culms, it was found that removal or shading of the ear decreased nitrogen retranslocation from the leaves and delayed the time course of leaf senescence. The results show that a continuous connection by sieve elements between leaves as source and grains as sink in wheat is not a prerequisite for retranslocation of nitrogen, phosphorus or magnesium.

scholarly journals Hophornbeam copperleaf (Acalypha ostryifolia Riddell)

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-307
Author(s):  
Lynn M. Sosnoskie ◽  
Robert M. Hayes ◽  
Lawrence E. Steckel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Cosmopolitan Distribution ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Vegetative Plant ◽  
Dicot Species

Hophornbeam copperleaf (Acalypha ostryifolia Riddell) is an erect, herbaceous, dicot species in the Euphorbiaceae, or spurge, family that constitutes more than 200 genera and some 6,000 species (Mayfield and Webster 2013). Although the euphorbs have a cosmopolitan distribution, none are found in the Arctic (Mabberley 1997). Members of the Euphorbiaceae may be trees, shrubs, herbs (occasionally aquatic), or vines; sometimes succulent and cactus-like; and often have glands on vegetative plant parts (Mabberley 1997; Zomlefer 1994). Genera in the spurge family include Croton, Euphorbia, Ricinus, and Acalypha. Acalypha consists of 450 species that are native to both the Eastern and Western hemispheres (Zomlefer 1994). Acalypha was the name used by Hippocrates because the leaves resemble those of nettles, whereas ostryifolia alludes to the resemblance of leaves to plants in the genus Ostrya (hophornbeam trees; Burrows and Tyrl 2013; Haddock 2014; Hilty 2018). As plants mature in the fall, the leaves can turn reddish-brown, which may indicate why “copperleaf” is included in the species’ common name (Hilty 2018). Hophornbeam copperleaf is native to North America; it occurs in the United States ranging from Arizona east to Florida, north to Pennsylvania, and west to Nebraska (Anonymous 2019). It occurs in a variety of habitats including agronomic fields, cultivated areas, landscapes, roadsides, river and stream banks, thickets, pastures, and waste sites (Bryson and DeFelice 2010; Haddock 2014; Hilty 2018). This plant’s other common names include copperleaf, pineland three-seed mercury, Virginia copperleaf, hornbeam mercury, hornbeam three-seed mercury, mercury, and rough-pod copperleaf (Bryson and DeFelice 2010; Haddock 2014; Hilty 2018; Steckel 2006).

CULTIVAR VARIATION IN TOTAL NITROGEN UPTAKE IN RAPE

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
BAHRAM GRAMI ◽  
L. J. LaCROIX
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Vegetative Plant ◽  
Cultivar Variation ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

Summer rape (Brassica napus L.) cv. Tower contained higher nitrogen contents in the vegetative plant parts at anthesis and maturity, and higher seed protein than cv. Midas when grown under similar conditions. The high protein trait in cv. Tower was directly associated with its greater ability for the uptake and translocation of nitrogen. The differential nitrogen uptake appeared to be inherited.

scholarly journals Effect of Site Attributes and Matrix Composition on Neotropical Primate Species Richness and Functional Traits: A Comparison Among Regions

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayron R. Calle-Rendón ◽  
Renato R. Hilário ◽  
José Julio de Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Neotropical Primates ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Vegetative Plant

Fragmentation threatens biodiversity and forest-dwelling animals can be especially vulnerable. Neotropical primates inhabit forests and play ecological roles in maintaining forest biodiversity. Currently, many primate communities are restricted to forest fragments. We (1) evaluated the influence of environmental, matrix, and site attributes on species richness and functional traits of primates in the Neotropics; and (2) evaluated the effect of the sub-region on the relationships between primates and environmental, matrix, and site attributes. We conducted literature searches to find published data on primate communities in forest fragments throughout the Neotropics. Each fragment was assigned to 1 of 11 sub-regions: Mesoamerica, Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena, Caribbean, Orinoco, Amazon, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, Chaco, Andes, Caatinga, and Pampa. Based on actual and expected species occurrences, we calculated the proportion of primate species retained in the fragments, the mass retained, and dietary items retained considering reproductive and vegetative plant parts and prey. We used linear mixed models to correlate primate variables with environmental, matrix, and site attributes. Fragment area was more important for primate retention than environmental, matrix, and site attributes, with primate retention being higher in larger fragments. Fragment size was positively correlated with all primate variables, except for retention of prey consumption, whose retention decreased as water bodies and density of buildings in the matrix increased. Fragments within protected areas retained larger species than unprotected fragments. The proportion of extant mass retained and vegetative plant parts in the diet were highest in Mesoamerica and lowest in the Atlantic Forest. Conservation planning of Neotropical primates should consider both the differences among sub-regions, forest restoration to increase fragment size, and the creation of new protected areas, even in fragmented landscapes.

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