Residue Levels of Daminozide in Apple Trees Sprayed the Preceding Spring and Summer

1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1058-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. DOZIER ◽  
K. S. RYMAL ◽  
J. W. KNOWLES ◽  
J. A. PITTS ◽  
R. B. REED
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Vegetative Plant ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Low Levels

Daminozide residue levels in fruit and vegetative parts of apple trees were determined the year following foliar spray treatments with daminozide at recommended rates and times and at excessive rates and times closer to harvest than recommended. Trees were sampled in December, March and August following spraying. Daminozide residues were found in all vegetative plant parts, with the highest residue levels found in the buds, bark and xylem of spurs, and in terminal and lateral buds; the lowest residue levels were found in the bark and xylem of stems. Residue levels were affected by both rate and time of application. Residue levels increased as application rates increased, but the response to rate was less when treatments were applied 21 d after bloom (125 d before harvest) than when treatments were applied closer to harvest. The highest residue levels were from treatments applied the day of harvest. Higher residue levels were found in March samples than December samples. Residues had been dissipated to low levels by the August sampling date. No daminozide residues were found in apple fruit from trees treated the previous year with recommended levels of daminozide applied at the recommended time. However, low residue levels were found in fruit treated with 2 × and 4 × rates of daminozide at times closer to harvest than recommended.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen on accumulation and partitioning of dry matter and nitrogen of vegetables. 2. Leek

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-446
Author(s):  
H. Biemond
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Age ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Final Harvest

Two greenhouse and 2 field trials were carried out on leeks cv. Albana with different N fertilizer rates and application dates. Observations included frequent measurements of DM and N accumulation in leaf blades, leaf sheaths and, if present, scapes. Both the amount of N applied and the time of application affected the total accumulation of DM and N in the plant. The relative partitioning rates of DM increase to the shaft were affected in such a way that the final harvest indices for DM (which ranged from 0.32 to 0.53) were significantly lower at higher N application rates. The final harvest indices for N (0.21-0.35) were not significantly affected by amount or timing of fertilizer applications. The total N concentrations of leaf blades and leaf sheaths decreased with increasing leaf age. Average nitrate N concentrations over all plant parts were always below 40%.

A protein disulfide-thiol interchange protein with NADH: protein disulfide reductase (NADH oxidase) activity as a molecular target for low levels of exposure to organic solvents in plant growth

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Morré
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nadh Oxidase ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Molecular Target ◽  
Plasma Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Disulfide Reductase ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Protein Disulfide

A number of solvents including ethyl, amyl, butyl, octyl and benzyl alcohols, ethylene glycol, ethyl acetate, acetone, diethyl ether, propylene oxide, r-dioxane, benzene, xylene, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride stimulate the growth of plants or plant parts at low concentrations and inhibit at high concentrations. These same solvents, at low dilutions, stimulate the activity of a growth-related protein disulfide-thiol interchange protein (TIP) with NADH: protein disulfide reductase (NADH oxidase) (NOX) activity with plasma membrane vesicles isolated from elongating regions cut from dark grown seedlings of soybeans. Based on these and other findings, we suggest the TIP/NOX protein to be the molecular target of the biological effects of low levels of exposure (hormesis) involved in the stimulation of plant growth.

scholarly journals Potassium-magnesium Imbalance Causes Detrimental Effects on Growth, Starch Allocation and Rubisco Activity in Sugarcane Plants 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariani Garcia ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Ciro Antonio Rosolem ◽  
João William Bossolani ◽  
Carlos Antonio Costa Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Rubisco Activity ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
High K ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract While there is abundant literature on the antagonistic interaction between potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) during root uptake and transport, there is, however, little published data on the interaction between these nutrients within tissue, especially for sugarcane plants having high demand for K and Mg. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the interactions between K and Mg on growth, starch partitioning, and activity of Rubisco. Plants were grown under controlled greenhouse conditions in nutrient solution with increasing K application rates at low and adequate Mg treatments. Magnesium adequate plants contained much higher amount of starch in roots, stalks and young leaves than the low Mg plants when K applications were at low levels. By contrast, there was a high accumulation of starch in the source leaves of the Mg deficient plants. Magnesium deficiency was also associated with significant decreases in Rubisco activity in leaves. Our results show clearly that high K rates interfere significantly with the positive effects of Mg on plant growth, Rubisco activity and starch accumulation in sink organs such as roots and stalks. It is obvious that the imbalance between K and Mg nutrition in sugarcane may result in important consequences in sugar yield.

scholarly journals Response of Apple Trees (cv. Ibrahimi) to the Time of Foliar Application with Zinc and Boron

2021 ◽  
Vol 904 (1) ◽  
pp. 012048
Author(s):  
A N Hadi ◽  
S A A Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Flower Traits ◽  
The Media ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering

Abstract The study was conducted in one of the private orchards in the Saqlawiya area - Fallujah during the 2020 growing season. The foliar spray was used to study the effect of the timing of foliar spraying (three sprays, the first at the beginning of flowering, second at the stage of full flowers blooming, and the third at the stage of petal fall), Presented with symbols (D1, D2 and D3), respectively. The second factor consisted of spraying with boron and zinc with the following concentrations (0,1, and 3 gm. L-1), mentioned as (S0, S1, S2, S3), respectively. these elements were used singly or in the form of a mixture with the same concentrations. This study aims to study the effect of the two factors on the growth and setting of apple trees, cv. Ibrahimi. Therefore, (36) five-year-old apple trees with homogeneous vegetative growth were selected as much as possible. The results revealed that foliar application with boron and zinc for the Ibrahimi apple trees improved the quality of the fruits and their vegetative and flowering traits. The results revealed that spraying with micronutrients at the stage of petal fall had a significant effect on flower traits and yield especially the media culture (M3) which presented the best results for the traits. The results revealed that spraying with micronutrients at the stage of petal fall had a significant effect on flower traits and yield especially the time (D3) which presented the best results for the traits (leaf area, Rate of increase in the length of the branches, Rate of increase in branch diameters, Fruits set Percentage, Percentage of fallen fruits and Percentage of remaining fruits, which reached (24.25cm2, 56.77cm, 0.42cm, 26.65%, 45.25%, 54.75%), respectively. On the other hand, spraying with micronutrients achieved significant effect, especially (S3), that gave the highest values for the traits (Rate of increase in branch diameters, Fruits set Percentage, Percentage of fallen fruits and Percentage of remaining fruits), which were (37.50 cm, 0.42%, 26.65%, and 46.71 gm L-1).

scholarly journals PHYTOREMEDIATION OF HEAVY METALS BY THE DOMINANT MANGROVE ASSOCIATE SPECIES OF INDIAN SUNDARBANS

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-402
Author(s):  
Pritam Mukherjee ◽  
Prosenjit Pramanick ◽  
Sufia Zaman ◽  
Abhijit Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organ Specificity ◽  
Salicornia Brachiata ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Vegetative Plant ◽  
Suaeda Maritima ◽  
Indian Sundarbans ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Associate Species ◽  
Mangrove Associate

The present study aims to investigate the phytoremediation potential of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) by two dominant mangrove associate species, Suaeda maritima, and Salicornia brachiata, found in the high saline supralittoral zone of Indian Sundarbans in four stations of the Hooghly-Matla estuarine complex during the premonsoon season (May 2019). We found that concentrations of biologically available heavy metals (HMs) in the ambient soil and bioaccumulated HMs within the vegetative plant parts occurred as per the order: Sagar South > Bakkhali > Jharkhali > Bali Island. The order of biologically available and bioaccumulated HMs was Zn > Cu > Pb. Interestingly, the selected HMs display high organ-specificity for both species with the highest enrichment in roots, followed by stems and leaves. We propose that these halophytes could be used as agents of phytoremediation and their farming would be effective in the ecorestoration of this deltaic complex in context to conservative pollutants.

Organochlorine and Organophosphorus Residues in Fat of Bovine and Porcine Carcasses Marketed in Ontario, Canada from 1969 to 1981

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 893-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. FRANK ◽  
H. E. BRAUN ◽  
G. FLEMING
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Organophosphorus Insecticides ◽  
Organochlorine Insecticides ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Control Insect

Between 1969 and 1981, 2482 bovine and 554 porcine carcasses were sampled at provincially inspected abattoirs across Ontario. Abdominal fats were composited into 505 bovine and 122 porcine samples for analyses of organochlorine insecticides and industrial chemicals. Mean ∑DDT residues decreased from 257 μg/kg in 1969–70 to 12 μg/kg in 1981 for bovine fats and from 356 μg/kg in 1971–72 to 5 μg/kg in 1981 for porcine fats. Similar decreases in residue levels were observed for PCB. Dieldrin, with lower initial residues (i.e. 33 μg/kg in bovine fat and 12 μg/kg in porcine), decreased an order of magnitude over this same period. All decreases fitted first order logarithmic regression equations. Chloradane and heptachlor epoxide were rarely observed in bovine or porcine fat; however, the incidence in bovine fat increased after 1973 following the removal of aldrin, dieldrin and heptachlor in 1969 for soil insect control and the subsequent increased use of chlordane. Chlordane appeared at low levels (1–2 μg/kg) in bovine fat during the mid 1970s and remained detectable through 1981. Lindane residues in both bovine and porcine fat fluctuated from year to year and appeared to vary with the need to control insect pests. While present (2 to 39 μg/kg) in the early 1970s, lindane residues disappeared by mid 1970 but reappeared in fatty tissues in 1981 (3–13 μg/kg). A limited number of samples were analyzed for organophosphorus insecticides between 1973 and 1980 and residues were occasionally found. In 1981, the analyses became routine and 3.6% of bovine samples were found to contain detectable residues of fenthion; only 2 of 197 bovine samples exceeded the maximum residue levels permitted under the Food and Drug Act.

scholarly journals The in Planta Effective Concentration of Oxytetracycline Against ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ for Suppression of Citrus Huanglongbing

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (12) ◽  
pp. 2046-2054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyun Li ◽  
Zhiqian Pang ◽  
Shuo Duan ◽  
Donghwan Lee ◽  
Vladimir G. Kolbasov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Residue Levels

Huanglongbing (HLB) or greening currently is the most devastating citrus disease worldwide. The fastidious phloem-colonizing bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas) is the causal agent of citrus HLB in Florida. Bactericides containing the active ingredient oxytetracycline (OTC) have been used in foliar spray to control citrus HLB in Florida since 2016. However, the minimum concentration of OTC required to suppress CLas in planta remains unknown. We developed a new method for evaluating the effects of OTC treatment on CLas titers in infected plants and determined the relationship between OTC residue levels and control levels achieved for CLas using mathematical modeling in greenhouse and field experiments. In both greenhouse and field, OTC spray did not reduce the titers of CLas, and it produced undetectable or mild levels of OTC residue in leaves within 7 days post-application (DPA). In greenhouse, OTC injection at 0.05 g per tree decreased CLas titers to an undetectable level (cycle threshold value ≥ 36.0) from 7 to 30 DPA and produced a residue level of OTC at 0.68 to 0.73 µg/g of fresh tissue over this period. In the field, OTC injection at 0.50 g per tree resulted in the decline of CLas titers by 1.52 log reduction from 14 to 60 DPA, with residue levels of OTC at 0.27 to 0.33 µg/g of fresh tissue. In both trials, a first-order compart model of OTC residue dynamics in leaves of trunk-injected trees was specified for estimating the retention of effective concentrations. Furthermore, nonlinear modeling revealed significant positive correlations between OTC residue levels in leaves and the control levels for CLas achieved. The results suggested that the minimum concentrations of OTC required to suppress CLas populations in planta to below the detection limit are 0.68 and 0.86 µg/g and that the minimum concentrations of OTC required for initial inhibition of CLas growth in planta are ∼0.17 and ∼0.215 µg/g in leaf tissues under greenhouse and field conditions, respectively. This finding highlights that a minimum concentration of OTC should be guaranteed to be delivered to target CLas in infected plants for effective control of citrus HLB.

CADMIUM RESIDUES IN APPLE FRUIT AND FOLIAGE FOLLOWING A COVER SPRAY OF CADMIUM CHLORIDE

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Ross ◽  
D. K. R. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Apple Trees

In each of 3 years, cadmium was translocated to fruit of apple trees which had received one early cover spray of cadmium chloride. Foliage residues slowly declined throughout the season.

Promoting bud development in balsam fir Christmas trees with 6-benzylaminopurine

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. A. Little
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Carrier Solution ◽  
Mineral Deficiency ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Lateral Buds

The entire crown of variously fertilized, unsheared Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill. trees was sprayed once or twice weekly for 2, 4, or 8 weeks with an aqueous solution of 0 or 600 mg 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) L−1 containing 1.5% dimethyl sulfoxide, 13.5% methanol, and 0.1% Tween 20, starting at different times during the period of shoot elongation. In the year of application, BAP inhibited the elongation of the current-year shoot, increased the number of lateral buds formed on this shoot, and induced lammas growth. Both BAP and the carrier solution caused some phytotoxicity in current-year needles. Responses to BAP treatment varied markedly with genotype, whorl position, and time of application, and decreased with mineral deficiency, and decreasing BAP dosage. After overwintering, many of the BAP-induced lateral buds elongated, resulting in an increased number of shoots, hence in a denser crown.

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