scholarly journals Community pharmacist perception and attitude toward ethical issues at community pharmacy setting in central Saudi Arabia

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed N. Al-Arifi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Community Pharmacist ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Pharmacy Setting

scholarly journals 164. Restriction of Antimicrobials Dispensing without Prescription on a National Level: Impact on the Overall Antimicrobial Utilization in Community Pharmacies in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S192-S192
Author(s):  
Khalid Eljaaly ◽  
Ahmed Al-Jedai ◽  
Yasser Almogbel ◽  
Nasser Alqahtani ◽  
Hajer Almudaiheem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
National Level ◽  
Policy Enforcement ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Antimicrobial Utilization ◽  
Pharmacy Setting

Abstract Background High rates of non-prescription dispending of antimicrobials has led to a significant increase in antimicrobial overuse and misuse in Saudi Arabia (SA). The objective of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial utilization following enforcement of a new prescription-only antimicrobial dispensing policy in the community pharmacy setting in SA. Methods Data were extracted from the IQVIA database between May 2017 and May 2019. Antimicrobial consumption rate based on the sales, defined daily dose in grams (DDD), DDD/1000 inhabitants’/day (DID), and antimicrobial claims for pre-policy (May 2017 to April 2018) and post-policy (June 2018 to May 2019) periods was assessed. Results Overall antimicrobial utilization slightly declined (~9-10%) in post-policy vs. pre-policy period (sales, 31,334 vs.34,492 thousand units; DDD, 183,134 vs. 202,936 thousand grams), with an increase in the number of claims (~16%) after policy implementation. There was a sudden drop in the consumption rate immediately after policy enforcement; however, the values increased subsequently, matching closely to the pre-policy values. Consumption patterns were similar in both periods. Penicillins were the most commonly used antimicrobial (sales, 14,700 - 11,648 thousand units; DDD, 71,038 - 91,227 thousand grams; DID, 2.88 - 3.78). For both the periods, the highest dip in utilization was observed in July (sales, 1,027 - 1,559 thousand units; DDD, 6,194 - 9,399 thousand grams), while the highest spike was in March/October (sales, 3,346 - 3,884 thousand units; DDD, 22,329 - 19,453 thousand grams). Conclusion Non-prescription antimicrobial utilization reduced minimally following policy implementation in the community pharmacy setting across SA. Measures to aid effective implementation of prescription-only regulations are necessary. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals The Managerial Role of Pharmacist at Community Pharmacy Setting in Saudi Arabia

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed N. Al-Arifi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Managerial Role ◽  
Pharmacy Setting

scholarly journals Assessment of Good Pharmacy Practice among Community Pharmacist and their Perceptions on Ethical Dilemmas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
T.T. Muhammed Anwar ◽  
G.R. Rajalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Community Pharmacist ◽  
Ethical Dilemma ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Drugs are the prime member of any disease prevention plans and ailment treatment programmes. Pharmacists are the health professionals appointed by relevant authorities for safe and efficacious use of drugs, since they are the specially upskilled and trained personnel for controlling, organizing and distribution of medicines. Medicine alone does not provide desired treatment output. In order to achieve the optimal treatment goals pharmacist must provide enhanced drug related needs and ensure the services are of proper quality. This study aims to assess the Good Pharmacy Practice among community pharmacist, determine the frequency of ethical dilemma at community pharmacy settings and to assess the reasons why community pharmacists may compromise ethical values.It was a descriptive cross - sectional study carried out in different community pharmacies in Kozhikode district of Kerala. The study was executed in 6 months time period. The sample size was 115 community pharmacists working in Kozhikode district. Total of 120 subjects were enrolled and data were collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire. The result shows that most of the pharmacists were providing quality services to the patients and they are facing various ethical dilemma situations in their day today life. They were facing ethical dilemma situation at least once in three months. Community pharmacists compromise on ethical values and ethical issues mainly for protecting their job. The physicians request and employer’s invasion into their activities has a great role in ethical dilemma situations and thus violating the rules. Keywords: GPP, community pharmacy, ethical dilemma, pharmacy services.

scholarly journals Polypharmacy in older patients: identifying the need for support by a community pharmacist

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste Beuscart ◽  
Ségolène Petit ◽  
Sophie Gautier ◽  
Patrick Wierre ◽  
Thibaut Balcaen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Community Pharmacist ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Potentially Inappropriate Medications ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Medication Reviews ◽  
Need For Support ◽  
Medicine Cabinet ◽  
Inappropriate Medications ◽  
Pharmacy Setting

Abstract Background The community pharmacist is a key player in medication reviews of older outpatients. However, it is not always clear which individuals require a medication review. The objective of the present study was to identify high-priority older patients for intervention by a community pharmacist. Methods As part of their final-year placement in a community pharmacy, pharmacy students conducted 10 interviews each with older adults (aged 65 or over) taking at least five medications daily. The student interviewer also offered to examine the patient’s home medicine cabinet. An interview guide was developed by an expert group to assess the difficulties in managing and taking medications encountered by older patients. Results The 141 students interviewed a total of 1370 patients (mean age: 81.5; mean number of medications taken daily: 9.3). Of the 1370 interviews, 743 (54.2%) were performed in the patient’s home, and thus also included an examination of the home medicine cabinet. Adverse events were reported by 566 (42.0%) patients. A total of 378 patients (27.6%) reported difficulties in preparing, administering and/or swallowing medications. The inspections of medicine cabinets identified a variety of shortcomings: poorly located cabinets (in 15.0% of inspections), medication storage problems (21.7%), expired medications (40.7%), potentially inappropriate medications (15.0%), several different generic versions of the same drug (19.9%), and redundant medications (20.4%). Conclusions In a community pharmacy setting, high-priority older patients for intervention by a community pharmacist can be identified by asking simple questions about difficulties in managing, administering, taking or storing medications.

Reliability of a Modified Medication Appropriateness Index in Community Pharmacies

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Rosemin Kassam ◽  
Linda G Martin ◽  
Karen B Farris ◽  
Homero A Monsanto ◽  
Jean-Marie Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Medication Appropriateness Index ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Psychometric Data ◽  
Ambulatory Patients ◽  
Pharmacy Setting ◽  
Medication Appropriateness

Background The medication appropriateness index (MAI) has demonstrated reliability in selected outpatient clinics where medical data were easily accessible from medical charts. However, its use in the community setting where patient data may be limited has not been examined. Objective To evaluate the usefulness of a modified MAI for use in the community pharmacy setting by testing interrater reliability using 3 different rating schemes. Methods Two raters evaluated 160 medications for 32 elderly ambulatory patients. Patient information was acquired using community pharmacist-collected medication histories. A summated MAI score, percent agreement, κ, positive agreement, negative agreement, and intraclass correlation coefficient were calculated for each criterion using 3 scoring schemes. A paired samples t-test (95% CI) was used to test interrater reliability. Results The κ statistics were >0.75 for indication and effectiveness, but good (0.41–0.66) for the remaining criteria using the Hanlon scoring scheme. The intraclass coefficients (0.82, 0.86, 0.87) and overall κ (0.65, 0.66, 0.61) were similar for the 3 schemes. Conclusions This study suggests that the modified MAI has the potential to detect medication appropriateness and inappropriateness in the community pharmacy setting; however, it is not without limitations. Because the MAI has the most clinimetric and psychometric data available, the instrument should be studied further to increase its reliability and generalizability.

scholarly journals Group-Based Trajectory Models: Assessing Adherence to Antihypertensive Medication in Older Adults in a Community Pharmacy Setting

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 1052-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Dillon ◽  
Derek Stewart ◽  
Susan M. Smith ◽  
Paul Gallagher ◽  
Gráinne Cousins
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Trajectory Models ◽  
Pharmacy Setting

Pharmacy student driven detection of adverse drug reactions in the community pharmacy setting

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Troels Christensen ◽  
Birthe Søndergaard ◽  
Per Hartvig Honoré ◽  
Ole Jannik Bjerrum
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Pharmacy Student ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Pharmacy Setting

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Screening for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in a Community Pharmacy Setting

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e91157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Willis ◽  
Peter Rivers ◽  
Laura J. Gray ◽  
Melanie Davies ◽  
Kamlesh Khunti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
Pharmacy Setting
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