scholarly journals A separation-based UI architecture with a DSL for role specialization

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 69-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Gibbs ◽  
Sergiu Dascalu ◽  
Frederick C. Harris, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Role Specialization

Sex-Role Specialization in a Transforming Market: Empirical Evidence from Vietnamese Middle-Class Households

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elfriede Penz ◽  
Erich Kirchler
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Role Changes ◽  
Consumption Decisions ◽  
Middle Class Families ◽  
Role Specialization

Vietnam is undergoing a rapid transformation to a more prosperous society. This article analyzes household decision making in a transforming economy that has undergone modification of the traditional view of the family, from being an autonomous unit to an object of state policy. This is relevant because policy interventions shape household consumption through gender equality programs and thus have an impact on sex-role specialization. The aim of this study is to advance understanding of Vietnamese household consumption decisions and spouses’ current influence patterns by investigating sex-role specialization in Vietnamese middle-class families’ decision making. Overall, no significant sex-role changes were observed. It seems that traditional Vietnamese sex-role specialization does not (yet) differ among age groups. Instead, traditional sex-role segmentation remains predominant across all investigated age groups. While economic and consumption habits change rapidly, middle-class families appear to preserve their traditional influence patterns in purchase decisions.

scholarly journals Evolutionary dynamics drives role specialization in a community of players

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (168) ◽  
pp. 20200174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danyang Jia ◽  
Xinyu Wang ◽  
Zhao Song ◽  
Ivan Romić ◽  
Xuelong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Spatial Games ◽  
Powerful Means ◽  
New Type ◽  
Standard Models ◽  
Natural Fact ◽  
Role Specialization

The progression of game theory from classical to evolutionary and spatial games provided a powerful means to study cooperation, and enabled a better understanding of general cooperation-promoting mechanisms. However, current standard models assume that at any given point players must choose either cooperation or defection, meaning that regardless of the spatial structure in which they exist, they cannot differentiate between their neighbours and adjust their behaviour accordingly. This is at odds with interactions among organisms in nature who are well capable of behaving differently towards different members of their communities. We account for this natural fact by introducing a new type of player—dubbed link players—who can adjust their behaviour to each individual neighbour. This is in contrast to more common node players whose behaviour affects all neighbours in the same way. We proceed to study cooperation in pure and mixed populations, showing that cooperation peaks at moderately low densities of link players. In such conditions, players naturally specialize in different roles. Node players tend to be either cooperators or defectors, while link players form social insulation between cooperative and defecting clusters by acting both as cooperators and defectors. Such fairly complex processes emerging from a simple model reflect some of the complexities observed in experimental studies on social behaviour in microbes and pave a way for the development of richer game models.

Sex Differences in Psychological Differentiation among Different Cultural Groups

1980 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durganand Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
School Children ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Psychological Differentiation ◽  
Role Specialization

Prediction made regarding sex differences in psychological differentiation within the general framework of eco-cultural perspective that male-female stylistic differences would be minimal in nomadic groups and with sedentarization they would get consistent was tested in four cultural groups, viz., nomadic Birhors, transitional sedentary Birhors, agricultural Oraons, and sedentarized urban school children. Results indicated that sex differences in cognitive style did not occur consistently among less acculturated nomadic groups. Contrary to the prediction, male-female differences were small and insignificant among the transitional Birhors and agricultural Oraons. Urban boys were, however, significantly higher on field independence than girls. The findings are explained in terms of differences in nature of socialization and sex-role specialization in the groups studied.

scholarly journals Can the Archaeology of Manual Specialization Tell Us Anything About Language Evolution? A Survey of the State of Play

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Steele ◽  
Natalie Uomini
Keyword(s):  
Language Evolution ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fossil Records ◽  
Role Specialization ◽  
Hand Preferences ◽  
Human Primate ◽  
Bimanual Tasks

In this review and position paper we explore the neural substrates for manual specialization and their possible connection with language and speech. We focus on two contrasting hypotheses of the origins of language and manual specialization: the language-first scenario and the tool-use-first scenario. Each one makes specific predictions about hand-use in non-human primates, as well as about the necessity of an association between speech adaptations and population-level right-handedness in the archaeological and fossil records. The concept of handedness is reformulated for archaeologists in terms of manual role specialization, using Guiard's model of asymmetric bimanual coordination. This focuses our attention on skilled bimanual tasks in which both upper limbs play complementary roles. We review work eliciting non-human primate hand preferences in co-ordinated bimanual tasks, and relevant archaeological data for estimating the presence or absence of a population-level bias to the right hand as the manipulator in extinct hominin species and in the early prehistory of our own species.

The Virtual Social Continuum Expressed

2010 ◽  
pp. 336-349
Author(s):  
Alan Rea
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
World Of Warcraft ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Role Specialization

From the interactive textual worlds of MUDs and MuSHes to the visually rich, textured three-dimensional realms of MMORPGs, participants move from loose to strong associations forming social networks via structured guidelines and interaction patterns. These virtual world inhabitants create communication conduits, collaborate to attain goals and solve problems, or entertain themselves. In this chapter, the author uses Blizzard Entertainment’s World of Warcraft, one of the most successful MMORPGs to date, to chart the various associations ranging from casual conversations to groups and guilds in which role specialization is critical to close-knit community success. The author argues that using rewards for accepted behavior creates a socialization continuum that stimulates players to interact with one another.

Effect of Corporate Structure on Autonomy of Top Editors at U.S. Dailies

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pearce Demers
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Corporate Structure ◽  
News Production ◽  
Editorial Content ◽  
Theoretical Rationale ◽  
Independent Ownership ◽  
Role Specialization

This study sought to determine whether top editors at chain-owned and large newspapers would have more autonomy and freedom to improve editorial content than top editors at independent and small newspapers. The theoretical rationale is that role specialization promotes increased emphasis on news and editorials and, at the same time, removes the influence of publishers and owners from the news production process. The study found that differences between chain and independent ownership were not significant, but that top editors at larger newspapers did have more autonomy.

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