Cultivable soil fungi community response to agricultural management and tillage system on temperate soil

In order to determine the changes in the main indicators characterizing the complexes of soil fungi, under the influence of the technologies of crops cultivation of fodder crop rotation, in 2017, a sod-podzolic medium loamy soil was studied. The experiment included the following factors: crops (annual grasses + perennial grasses - perennial grasses 1 - perennial grasses 2 - perennial grasses 3 - fallow - barley - corn for silage), tillage system of soil (plowing and combined), 5 cultivation technologies (differ in the intensity of fertilizer and plant protection systems), the experiment was repeated three times. The studies allowed to establish the total number of micromycetes (10-28 thousand Kfu/g) and their systemat-ic affiliation (2 genera of the Zigomikot department, 7 genera of the Ascomicot department, two yeasts of the Basidiomycot department), with the largest number of variants of intensive technology. The structure of soil fungi complexes was determined by the cultivated crops and the conditions created by them with the highest frequency of occurrence in the Penicillium and Botrytis genera; in general, their composition and number were typical for the soils of taiga-forest zone. Phytopathogenic genera did not get high dis-tribution (Fusarium), which, along with the activity of saprotrophic genera of fungi, contributed to ob-taining high yields of cultivated crops when applying fertilizer in intensive technologies. The obtained results show the advantage of intensive technology in comparison with the ecological one both in terms of the structural organization of soil fungi and in the yield of t grown crops (the increase was 2-4 times).

Download Full-text

Response of soil fungi and biological processes to crop residues in no-tillage system

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632016v4638374 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 57-64

Author(s):

Priscila de Oliveira ◽

Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽

Enderson Petrônio de Brito Ferreira ◽

João Kluthcouski ◽

Murillo Lobo Junior

Keyword(s):

Soil Quality ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Soil Fungi ◽

Basal Respiration ◽

Metabolic Quotient ◽

No Tillage ◽

Soil Quality Indicators ◽

Soilborne Fungi ◽

Soil Basal Respiration ◽

Tillage System

ABSTRACT Soil management and crop rotation can directly affect the soil microbial community. This study aimed at determining soil quality indicators and soilborne fungi in a no-tillage system. A randomized blocks design, in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, was used. Three cover crops (palisade grass, millet and common bean) provided straw and root residues to the following crops of corn and soybean. The common bean-soybean sequence provided little soil covering and higher metabolic quotient and soil basal respiration and total enzymatic activity, as well as a general increase of soilborne fungi. The principal component analysis revealed that 76.61 % of the variance can be explained by the three first components, with cover crops, soil basal respiration and metabolic quotient regarded as the main qualitative and quantitative sources of variance in the first component. Carbon from the microbial biomass was the soil quality indicator best correlated to crop yield and negatively correlated to Fusarium solani density. The Rhizoctonia solani population was correlated with higher metabolic quotient and soil total enzymatic activity and basal respiration. The palisade grass crop favored soil fungistasis and enhancement of antagonist Trichoderma spp. populations. The multivariate approach demonstrated the association of soil fungi with soil quality indicators, as well as a higher influence of cover crops on the variance observed, in comparison to cash crops.

Download Full-text

Soil Biological Fertility and Bacterial Community Response to Land Use Intensity: A Case Study in the Mediterranean Area

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d11110211 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 211 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mohammad Yaghoubi Khanghahi ◽

Pasqua Murgese ◽

Sabrina Strafella ◽

Carmine Crecchio

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

Mediterranean Area ◽

Conservative System ◽

Basal Respiration ◽

Community Response ◽

Residue Management ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Wheat Field ◽

Tillage System

The current study was performed to investigate the effects of three different long-term land use intensities on adjacent soil plots, namely a winter wheat field, a grass-covered vineyard, and a cherry farm, on soil biochemical, microbial, and molecular parameters. The results showed the maximum content of soil organic matter (SOM) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) observed in the grass-covered vineyard. Basal respiration (BSR) and the cumulated respiration (CSR) after 25 days of incubation were significantly higher in the grass-covered vineyard and cherry farm, respectively (BSR 11.84 mg CO2–C kg−1 soil d−1, CSR 226.90 mg CO2–C kg−1 soil). Grass-covered vineyard showed the highest soil biological fertility index (BFI) score (20) and ranked in the class IV (good) of soil biological fertility. Cereal field and cherry farm had lower BFI scores and the corresponding BFI class was III (medium). In addition, the maximum ribosomal RNA copy number and the highest abundance of oligotrophic bacterial groups (25.52% Actinobacteria, 3.45% Firmicutes, and 1.38% Acidobacteria) were observed in the grass-covered vineyard. In conclusion, the grass-covered vineyard is a more conservative system and could have a large potential to improve total carbon storage in soil, mainly because of the cover crop residue management and the low soil perturbation through the no-tillage system.

Download Full-text

Unknown and Under-Researched: The Anatomy of Drinking Under Control Programs

SUCHT - Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft und Praxis / Journal of Addiction Research and Practice ◽

10.1024/0939-5911/a000504 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 277-288

Author(s):

Harald Klingemann ◽

Justyna Klingemann

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Harm Reduction ◽

Evaluation Studies ◽

Mission Statements ◽

Community Response ◽

Limited Resources ◽

Admission Criteria ◽

Control Programs ◽

Institutional Order

Abstract. Introduction: While alcohol treatment predominantly focuses on abstinence, drug treatment objectives include a variety of outcomes related to consumption and quality of life. Consequently harm reduction programs tackling psychoactive substances are well documented and accepted by practitioners, whereas harm reduction programs tackling alcohol are under-researched and met with resistance. Method: The paper is mainly based on key-person interviews with eight program providers conducted in Switzerland in 2009 and up-dated in 2015, and the analysis of reports and mission statements to establish an inventory and description of drinking under control programs (DUCPs). A recent twin program in Amsterdam and Essen was included to exemplify conditions impeding their implementation. Firstly, a typology based on the type of alcohol management, the provided support and admission criteria is developed, complemented by a detailed description of their functioning in practice. Secondly, the case studies are analyzed in terms of factors promoting and impeding the implementation of DUCPs and efforts of legitimize them and assess their success. Results: Residential and non-residential DUCPs show high diversity and pursue individualized approaches as the detailed case descriptions exemplify. Different modalities of proactively providing and including alcohol consumption are conceptualized in a wider framework of program objectives, including among others, quality of life and harm reduction. Typically DUCPs represent an effort to achieve public or institutional order. Their implementation and success are contingent upon their location, media response, type of alcohol management and the response of other substance-oriented stake holders in the treatment system. The legitimization of DUCPs is hampered by the lack of evaluation studies. DUCPs rely mostly – also because of limited resources – on rudimentary self-evaluations and attribute little importance to data collection exercises. Conclusions: Challenges for participants are underestimated and standard evaluation methodologies tend to be incompatible with the rationale and operational objectives of DUCPs. Program-sensitive multimethod approaches enabled by sufficient financing for monitoring and accompanying research is needed to improve the practice-oriented implementation of DUCPs. Barriers for these programs include assumptions that ‘alcohol-assisted’ help abandons hope for recovery and community response to DUCPs as locally unwanted institutions (‘not in my backyard’) fuelled by stigmatization.

Download Full-text