Correlation between strength and skin temperature asymmetries in the lower limbs of Brazilian elite soccer players before and after a competitive season

SummaryStudy aim: This study compared the effects of intermittent negative pressure therapy (INPT) vs. active recovery therapy (ART) on post-match physiological parameters such as serum CK level and skin temperature of the lower limbs in elite soccer players.Material and methods: Twenty healthy male professional soccer players from a Brazilian first division soccer club were enrolled in this randomized, parallel arm, open label, comparative study. After participating in 2 soccer matches, they were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 10) to receive a 30-min session of INPT (intermittent exchange of hypobaric pressure range 33 to 51 mmHg) or ART (self-myofascial release, mobility and stability exercises, and cycle ergometer exercise). The intervention was conducted after a match with assessments immediately before and after the intervention and again 24 h after the intervention.Results: A significant interaction effect (F2,36 = 4.503, p = 0.018, η2 = 0.130) was observed, indicating that the decrease of CK from pre-intervention to 24 h post-intervention was greater in the INPT than in the ART group. Lower limb skin temperature was significantly lower after INPT than after ART (p < 0.003).Conclusions: Serum CK level and skin temperature of lower limbs showed better recovery up to 24 h after the intervention with INPT in elite soccer players.

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Effect of Heavy Resisted Sled Sprint Training During the Competitive Season on Sprint and Change-of-Direction Performance in Professional Soccer Players

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2018-0592 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 1066-1073 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Brian J. McMorrow ◽

Massimiliano Ditroilo ◽

Brendan Egan

Keyword(s):

Training Group ◽

Sprint Performance ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Confidence Limits ◽

Sprint Training ◽

Change Of Direction ◽

Professional Soccer ◽

Competitive Season ◽

Before And After ◽

Total Program

Purpose: Resisted sled sprinting (RSS) is an effective tool for improving sprint performance over short distances, but the effect on change-of-direction (COD) performance is largely unknown. The present study investigated the effect of heavy RSS training during the competitive season on sprint and COD performance in professional soccer players. Methods: Over 6 wk in-season, an RSS training group (n = 6) performed RSS at a sled load of 30% body mass for a total program running distance of 800 m, whereas an unresisted sprint (URS) training group (n = 7) performed the same distance of unresisted sprinting. A 20-m maximal sprint with split times measured at 5, 10, and 20 m and the sprint 9-3-6-3-9 m with 180° turns COD test were performed before and after the intervention. Results: Sprint performance (mean, 95% confidence limits, qualitative inference) was improved in both groups over 5 m (URS, 5.1%, −2.4 to 12.7, likely moderate; RSS, 5.4%, 0.5–10.4, likely moderate), 10 m (URS, 3.9%, −0.3 to 8.1, very likely moderate; RSS, 5.0%, 1.8–8.0, very likely large), and 20 m (URS, 2.0%, −0.6 to 4.5, likely moderate; RSS, 3.0%, 1.7–4.4, very likely moderate). COD was improved in both groups (URS, 3.7%, 2.2–5.2, most likely large; RSS, 3.3%, 1.6–5.0, most likely moderate). Between-groups differences were unclear. Conclusion: Heavy RSS and URS training matched for running distance were similarly effective at improving sprint and COD performance in professional soccer players when performed in the competitive phase of the season.

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Pre-season Fitness Level and Injury Rate in Professional Soccer – A Prospective Study

Sports Medicine International Open ◽

10.1055/a-0631-9346 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 02 (03) ◽

pp. E84-E90 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eyal Eliakim ◽

Ofer Doron ◽

Yoav Meckel ◽

Dan Nemet ◽

Alon Eliakim

Keyword(s):

Test Performance ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Injury Rate ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Training Period ◽

Vo2 Max ◽

Fitness Level ◽

Professional Soccer ◽

Competitive Season

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to assess prospectively the effect of pre-season fitness on injury rate during the competitive season among professional soccer players. Thirty-one players participated in the study during two consecutive competitive seasons (2015–16 and 2016–17; a squad of 22 players in each season). During the 6-week pre-season training period (8 training sessions and a friendly match every week, 14–18 training hours/week) there was a significant improvement in VO2 max, a significant increase in ideal and total sprint time and no change in vertical jump, flexibility and repeated sprint-test performance decrement. During the two consecutive seasons, 28 injuries were recorded. Ten injuries were classified as mild (missing 3–7 days of practice/match), 8 as moderate (missing 8–28 days) and 10 as severe (missing >28 days). The rate of match injuries was higher (9.4 per 1000 match hours) compared to practice injuries (4.7 per 1000 training hours). Most injuries were overuse injuries (72%) of the lower limbs (71%). Most of match injuries occurred during the last 15 min of each half. There were no differences in fitness characteristics in the beginning of pre-season training between injured and non-injured players. However, improvements in VO2 max during the pre-season training period were significantly lower among injured players (0.9±5.5%) compared to non-injured players (10.4±6.5%, p<0.05). Our results emphasize the importance of pre-season training in professional soccer players not only for improvement in fitness but also for injury prevention during the following competitive season.

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Skin temperature of middle distance runners after a maximum effort test

Acta Scientiarum Health Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascihealthsci.v42i1.48114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e48114 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jean Artur Mendonça Barboza ◽

Larissa Isabelle Soares Souza ◽

Mikhail Santos Cerqueira ◽

Palloma Rodrigues de Andrade ◽

Heleodório Honorato dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Temperature ◽

Left Knee ◽

Pectoralis Major ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Distance Runners ◽

Short Term ◽

Posterior View ◽

Before And After ◽

Maximum Effort ◽

The Right

The purpose of this study was to analyze skin temperature (Tsk) responses after a short-term maximum effort test in middle-distance runners. A quasi-experimental study was conducted with ten men (age 23.5±5.10 years) who trained 5 days per week, 2 to 3 hours per day, and were submitted to thermographic evaluation before and after Cooper's 12-minute run test (CRT). The mean temperature of the anterior-superior, posterior-superior, anterior-inferior, and posterior-inferior regions was compared between the sides (i.e., left and right) before and after CRT. The paired t-test showed a significant decrease in Tsk after CRT in the following regions: right pectoralis major (-3.4%), left pectoralis major (-3.4%), and abdomen (-5%) in the anterior-superior view (p<0.01); and in the upper right trunk (-1.9%), upper left trunk (-1.9%) and lower back (-2.9%) in the posterior-superior view (p<0.05). In the lower limbs, a significant increase in temperature of the left knee (1.6%), and right (3.6%) and left ankles (2.9%) in the anterior view (p<0.05), as well as in the right (4.3%) and left ankles (3.7%) in the posterior view (p<0.05) were observed. There was no difference in temperature between the right and left sides. In conclusion, the Tsk change of middle-distance runners was symmetrical between sides, decreasing in upper limbs and trunk and increasing in lower limbs after a short-term maximum effort test.

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ACUTE EFFECT OF SPEED TEST ON THE SKIN TEMPERATURE OF ELITE SOCCER PLAYERS

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte ◽

10.1590/1517-8692202127012020_0060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 55-59

Author(s):

Andressa Mella Pinheiro ◽

Angélica Tamara Tuono ◽

Nathália Arnosti Vieira ◽

Tiago Marques de Rezende ◽

Sérgio Henrique Borin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Temperature ◽

Training Session ◽

Acute Effect ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Thermal Imager ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Speed Test ◽

Displacement Speed ◽

Areas Of Interest

ABSTRACT Introduction Infrared thermography has been used in several areas, mainly in sports training, and specifically in soccer. Objectives The objectives of the study were to verify the acute effect of a displacement speed test on the skin temperature of elite female soccer players, to observe pre- and post-test thermal asymmetries, and to compare responses in the anterior and posterior regions of lower limbs. Methods Cross-sectional study that evaluated 17 soccer players of the 2018 Brazilian Championship. They were submitted to thermography before and 10 minutes after performing the displacement speed test. Thermographic images were collected using a FLIR® model 8 thermal imager and changes in skin temperature in the anterior and posterior regions of the lower limbs were analyzed, according to the areas of interest. Descriptive statistics were performed and mean and standard deviation of the temperatures of the areas of interest were analyzed. The normality of the data was verified, and then the Student’s t test for normal paired and independent samples and the Mann-Whitney test for non-normal samples were conducted, with p <0.05 being adopted for significance level. Results It was possible to observe that after the test there was an increase in skin temperature in all the regions analyzed, both on the dominant and non-dominant sides (p <0.05). Regarding the analysis of the anterior region, it was possible to observe a higher temperature (p <0.05) in the region of the tibial muscles than in the region of the quadriceps muscles. Conclusion It is concluded that thermography helps to understand the thermal responses of lower limbs after applying the displacement speed test. The study shows that thermographic evaluation can guide the organization of the training session when motor tests have previously been applied, and in the detection of abnormal overloads, helping to prevent injuries. Level of evidence IV; Therapeutic studies - Investigation of treatment results.

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Mid-aortic syndrome: computed tomography angiography depicting extensive collateral circulation in an 11-year-old patient with thoracoabdominal aortic coarctation

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000176 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 132-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Krohn ◽

Gebauer ◽

Hübler ◽

Beck

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Computed Tomography Angiography ◽

Collateral Circulation ◽

Intestinal Ischemia ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Upper Body ◽

Descending Aorta ◽

Before And After ◽

Blood Pressures

The mid-aortic syndrome is an uncommon clinical condition characterized by severe narrowing of the descending aorta, usually with involvement of its renal and visceral branches, presenting with uncontrollably elevated blood pressures of the upper body, renal and cardiac failure, intestinal ischemia, encephalopathy symptoms and claudication of the lower limbs, although clinical presentation is variable. In this article we report the case of an eleven-year-old patient with the initial diagnosis of a mid-aortic syndrome and present the computed tomography angiography pictures and reconstructions before and after surgical therapy.

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Untersuchungen zur Quantifizierung der Änderung der Skelettmuskeldurchblutung nach Gefäßrevaskularisationen mit einem 99mTechnetiummarkierten Tracer

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1629534 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 29 (05) ◽

pp. 215-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Benning ◽

K. Nagel ◽

M. Jugenheimer ◽

S. Fischer ◽

S. Worthmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transluminal Angioplasty ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Surgical Patients ◽

Treadmill Test ◽

Negative Results ◽

Clinical Observations ◽

Before And After ◽

Comparative Results ◽

First Time ◽

Percutaneous Transluminal

A new 99mTc-labelled tracer (99mTc-Sestanriibi) was used for the first time to demonstrate the perfusion of the skeletal muscle. In 16 patients with obstructive atherosclerosis of the lower limbs the change of perfusion of thigh and lower leg was studied with SPECT before and after vascular surgery (n = 11) or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (n = 5). Comparative results of scintigraphic measurements and clinical observations (ancle-arm pressure, treadmill test) in 10 surgical patients (14 operated legs) showed correct positive or negative results in 86% (12/14).

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A Plasma Clot Lysis Assay Based on the Release of Fibrin Degradation Products: Application to the Diagnosis of Hypofibrinolytic States

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1645690 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 63 (01) ◽

pp. 076-081 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pascale Gaussem ◽

Sophie Gandrille ◽

Pascale Molho-Sabatier ◽

Loïc Capron ◽

Jean-Noël Fiessinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Degradation Products ◽

Venous Occlusion ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Clot Lysis ◽

Plasma Clot ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Fibrin Degradation Products ◽

Before And After ◽

Euglobulin Clot Lysis Time ◽

Pai 1

SummaryUsing a monoclonal antibody-based assay, we measured the fibrin degradation product release in the supernatant of plasma clots obtained before and after venous occlusion (VO) in 30 patients with definite or suspected vascular thrombosis (19 definite and 2 suspected deep vein thrombosis, 6 recurrent superficial thrombophlebitis, 3 arterial occlusions of lower limbs). tPA and PAI-1 concentrations were determined using ELISA assays; the post-occlusion values were corrected for haemoconcentration. The increase in tPA during VO was correlated with haemoconcentration (r = 0.74), but 3 patients had ineffective VO (<2% increase in proteins). The fibrinolytic response to VO was evaluated using the shortening of the time necessary for the release of 200 μg of fibrin degradation products per mg of fibrinogen (Δ T 200). Two among the 27 patients with effective VO were bad responders with a Δ T 200 <3 h (whereas all the others had Δ T 200 >10 h). These patients had respectively a deficient tPA release (Δ tPA = 1 ng/ml) and an elevated PAI-1 level at rest (33 ng/ml). Several other patients were bad responders in terms of tPA release or of shortening of the euglobulin clot lysis time but they had a normal Δ T 200. This plasma clot test reflects the ability of free tPA to bind to fibrin (the amount of which depends on the level of tPA and PAI-1), and may be useful in the diagnosis of a hypofibrinolytic state.

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Analyzing the Magnitude of Interlimb Asymmetries in Young Female Soccer Players: A Preliminary Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18020475 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 475

Author(s):

Javier Raya-González ◽

Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽

Daniel Castillo

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Injury Risk ◽

Young Female ◽

Asymmetry Index ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Countermovement Jump ◽

Change Of Direction ◽

Jump Ability

Although asymmetries in lower limbs have been linked with players’ performance in male soccer players, literature that has been published addressing female soccer is scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was twofold: (i) describe the asymmetries of women soccer players during jumping, change-of-direction and range-of-motion tests; and (ii) test possible relationships between asymmetries and injury risk in female soccer players. Sixteen female players (15.5 ± 1.5 years) performed a battery of fitness tests (i.e., jump ability, change-of-direction ability and passive range-of-motion) and muscle mass analysis via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, through which the specific asymmetry index and the related injury risk were calculated. Significant (p < 0.05) lower asymmetries in the change-of-direction test were observed in comparison to those observed in jumping and range-of-motion tests; significant (p < 0.05) lower asymmetries in muscle mass were also reported compared to those found in the change-of-direction and countermovement jump tests. Additionally, increased injury risk for countermovement jump and hip flexion with extended knee range-of-motion (relating to asymmetry values) and for ankle flexion with flexed knee range-of-motion in both legs (relating to reference range-of-motion values), as well as increased individual injury risk values, were observed across all tests. These findings suggest the necessity to implement individual approaches for asymmetry and injury risk analyses.

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Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Serie A Soccer Players’ Physical Qualities

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/a-1345-9262 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ermanno Rampinini ◽

Federico Donghi ◽

Marco Martin ◽

Andrea Bosio ◽

Marco Riggio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aerobic Fitness ◽

Mixed Models ◽

Peak Power ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Limited Evidence ◽

Professional Soccer ◽

Home Based ◽

Before And After ◽

Different Seasons

AbstractIn March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic forced most activities in Italy, including soccer, to cease. During lockdown, players could only train at home, with limited evidence regarding the effect of this period. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of COVID-19 lockdown on professional soccer players’ physical performance. Aerobic fitness and vertical jump were assessed before and after four periods in two different seasons: COVID-19 lockdown, competitive period before lockdown, competitive period and summer break of the 2016–2017 season. Linear mixed models were used to examine within-period changes and between-period differences in changes observed during COVID-19 lockdown and the three other periods. Within-period changes in aerobic fitness showed a significant improvement following COVID-19 lockdown (p<0.001) and a significant decline during summer break (p<0.001). Between-period differences were significant in the comparison of COVID-19 lockdown with both the competitive 2019–2020 season (p<0.01) and summer break (p<0.001). For the vertical jump, only the between-period comparison revealed significant differences as the changes associated with COVID-19 lockdown were worse than those of the two competitive periods, for both absolute (p<0.05; p<0.001) and relative peak power (p<0.01; p<0.001). Home-based training during lockdown was effective to improve aerobic fitness, although it did not allow players to maintain their competitive period’s power levels.

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