Goods movement, road safety, and spatial inequity: Evaluating freight-related crashes in low-income or minority neighborhoods

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 103186
Author(s):  
Quan Yuan ◽  
Jueyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Goods Movement

PW 1469 Approaches to identify hazardous locations for road safety in low-income settings

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKM Fazlur Rahman ◽  
Kamran ul Baset ◽  
Kazi Burhan Uddin ◽  
Salim Mahmud Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Road Safety

scholarly journals Road Safety in Low-Income Countries: State of Knowledge and Future Directions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Heydari ◽  
Adrian Hickford ◽  
Rich McIlroy ◽  
Jeff Turner ◽  
Abdulgafoor M. Bachani
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Behavioural Aspects ◽  
The Impact

Road safety in low-income countries (LICs) remains a major concern. Given the expected increase in traffic exposure due to the relatively rapid motorisation of transport in LICs, it is imperative to better understand the underlying mechanisms of road safety. This in turn will allow for planning cost-effective road safety improvement programs in a timely manner. With the general aim of improving road safety in LICs, this paper discusses the state of knowledge and proposes a number of future research directions developed from literature reviews and expert elicitation. Our study takes a holistic approach based on the Safe Systems framework and the framework for the UN Decade of Action for Road Safety. We focused mostly on examining the problem from traffic engineering and safety policy standpoints, but also touched upon other sectors, including public health and social sciences. We identified ten focus areas relating to (i) under-reporting; (ii) global best practices; (iii) vulnerable groups; (iv) disabilities; (v) road crash costing; (vi) vehicle safety; (vii) proactive approaches; (viii) data challenges; (ix) social/behavioural aspects; and (x) capacity building. Based on our findings, future research ought to focus on improvement of data systems, understanding the impact of and addressing non-fatal injuries, improving estimates on the economic burden, implementation research to scale up programs and transfer learnings, as well as capacity development. Our recommendations, which relate to both empirical and methodological frontiers, would lead to noteworthy improvements in the way road safety data collection and research is conducted in the context of LICs.

scholarly journals Resolving the differences between system development and system operation using STAMP: a road safety case study in a low-income setting

Ergonomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Omar Faruqe Hamim ◽  
Mithun Debnath ◽  
Shahnewaz Hasanat-E-Rabbi ◽  
Md. Shamsul Hoque ◽  
Rich C. McIlroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
System Development ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Safety Case ◽  
Low Income Setting

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF THE ECONOMIC FACTORS IMPACT ON THE AUTOMOBILIZATION LEVEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (159) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
N. Semchenko
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Predicted Values

Mortality from road accidents continues to rise, amounting to 1.35 million deaths per year. It is emphasized that today injuries as a result of road accidents are the main cause of children death and young people aged 5-29 years and the three main causes of person’s death aged 5 to 44 years. Studies of road safety various aspects in different countries have shown that the world has long and steadily formed a global problem of irregular road accidents. First of all, the inverse dependence of the emergency risk on the material well-being of countries is clearly visible. The risk of death as a result of road accidents in low-income countries is three times higher than in high-income countries. The highest rates are in Africa (26.6 cases per 100,000 people) and the lowest in Europe (9.3 cases per 100,000 people). In addition, in recent years, experts are trying to link the actual accident rate in countries with the life quality of their populations. Quality of life as a concept includes not only the material level but also the satisfaction of spiritual needs, health, life expectancy, environmental conditions, moral and psychological climate, emotional comfort, etc., which ultimately determines the transport culture of the population. In this regard, it is of interest to identify links between the results of rating assessments of the people life quality in different countries and the level of these countries road safety typical. To do this, first of all it is necessary to assess the economic factors impact on the motorization level, which is insufficiently studied. The purpose is to determine the dependences of the economic factors impact, namely gross domestic product per capita and average wages, on the motorization level. The data for the study were taken from official statistical sources. The results were processed by methods of mathematical statistics and regression analysis. According to the results of the experiments, regression models were obtained for European countries; Asia and Oceania; The Middle East; Africa; North, Central America and the Caribbean; South America. The comparison of the simulated values and the initial data showed a high degree of correlation. The originality lies in the fact that the regularities of the economic factors influence on the motorization level are investigated, which makes it possible to obtain predicted values in the future. Improving the efficiency and safety of vehicles on the road network is possible based on the use of the motorization level predicted values in research. The obtained research results can be used to determine the feasibility of introducing certain measures to organize traffic.

scholarly journals Content analysis of reported activities of the United Nations Road Safety Collaboration Members during the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011–2020

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e042409
Author(s):  
Sean Alan Flannigan ◽  
Meleckidzedeck Khayesi
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
To Come

ObjectiveSeveral activities were planned for the Decade of Action (DOA) for Road Safety 2011–2020, covering key policies and interventions on road safety. Knowledge of the activities implemented by key actors is currently lacking in the literature. This study answers the question: what activities were implemented during the DOA by the United Nations Road Safety Collaboration (UNRSC) members?DesignThe study used content analysis techniques to extract and analyse information from five United Nations Secretary General’s reports, which summarise the activities reported by UNRSC members.SettingThe primary setting for this study are 116 countries in which activities supporting the DOA were conducted.Outcome measuresFrequency of themes and subthemes that emerged from reported activities are identified and cross-tabulated by year of report, country level of income, geographical region and organisation type.ResultsOver the entire DOA, establishment of institutions and lead agencies as well as the development of national strategies featured prominently under the theme of management. This theme was steadily reported across regions, country income level and organisation type. Workshops, training and major events regarding road safety increased in frequency of reporting throughout the decade as did developing and promoting the basic road and vehicle systems supportive of road safety. It is further noted that other key activities like infrastructure and behaviour change that are required for a balanced approach to road safety policy were also attended to by various organisations. Activities related to road safety enforcement and post-crash response as well as activities in low-income countries appeared to be less reported.ConclusionThe wide range of activities reported by UNRSC members over the entire DOA need to be sustained and evaluated in years to come if they are to have a significant impact on reducing road traffic deaths and injuries at national and international levels.

scholarly journals Motorized 2-3 Wheelers Death Rates Over a Decade: A Global Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin J Yasin ◽  
Michal Grivna ◽  
Fikri Abu-Zidan
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
National Income ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background: Motorized 2-3 wheelers-related death are high due to the exposed body of the driver/passenger and the high speed. The United Nation (UN) Decade of Action for road safety aimed to reduce road traffic deaths by 50% by the year 2020. We aimed to study the factors affecting the death rates of motorized 2-3 wheelers injuried victims and whether the reduction of the death rates has met the UN target.Methods: Data were retrieved from the WHO Global Status Reports on Road Safety published over 2009 to 2018 which covered the years of 2007 to 2016. Studied variables included motorized 2-3 wheelers death rates, percentage of helmet-wearing rate, helmet law enforcement, speed law enforcement, gross national income per capita, vehicles/person ratio, motorized 2-3 wheelers/person ratio. A mixed linear model was used to define factors affecting the change of motorized 2-3 wheelers death rates over time.Results: Global mortality rates of motorized 2-3 wheelers increased by 6.5% over 10 years which was not statistically significant. Factors that affected mortality included GNI (p=0.025), motorized 2-3 wheelers per person ratio (p < 0.0001), percentage of helmet wearing rate (p=0.046), and the interaction between vehicle/person ratio and motorized 2-3 wheelers/person ratio (p=0.016). There was a significant increase in the death rates over time in the low-income countries (170.2 %, p=0.019, Friedman test), and middle-income countries (56.1 %, p < 0.0001, Friedman test), compared with a significant decrease in the high-income countries (17.8 %, p < 0.0001, Friedman test). Conclusions: Global mortality of motorized 2-3 wheelers has increased by 6.5% over a recent decade. The UN target of reducing death was not met. The increase was related to the increase of motorized 2-3 wheelers per person ratio and economic inequiety which has to be addressed globally. The economic global gap significantly impacts the mortality rates of motorized 2-3 wheelers.

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationships between Demographics, Road Safety Attitudes, and Self-Reported Pedestrian Behaviours in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10640
Author(s):  
Shahnewaz Hasanat-E-Rabbi ◽  
Omar Faruqe Hamim ◽  
Mithun Debnath ◽  
Md. Shamsul Hoque ◽  
Rich C. McIlroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
High Income ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Safety Attitudes

Pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users in low- and middle-income countries, hence understanding their attitudes towards traffic safety and the pedestrian behaviours associated with those attitudes is vital. The current study identifies the factor structure of a self-report questionnaire on pedestrian behaviours and road safety attitudes and explores the relationships between them. It also assesses demographic effects. A total of 532 people were surveyed. The questionnaire sections related to attitudes and behaviours were developed for use in different, largely high-income settings, hence their suitability for use in the low-income setting of Bangladesh was first assessed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A structural equation model was then developed to examine the relationships between attitudes and pedestrian behaviours. It was found that positive attitudes towards traffic safety were associated with safer pedestrian behaviours, and that males, younger respondents, and less educated respondents reported performing riskier behaviours and holding more dangerous attitudes to road safety. Results are discussed in terms of the factors likely to influence such behaviours, as well as a discussion on the need for validation of the research tools which have been developed in high-income settings for low-income settings.

scholarly journals The AAA Approach to Crash Investigation Reform – The Perspective from Road Policing Practitioners.

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Ray Shuey ◽  
Des Myers
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Continuous Improvement Process ◽  
Review Team ◽  
Road Crash

Professional road crash investigation, complemented by intelligent analysis and dynamic actions provide the foundation for road safety reform. However, to date, the real potential resulting from police investigative findings have not been fully realised due to the lack of streamlined connectivity from the crash scene to the reform process. Such deficiencies include inadequate investigations, inadequate data management, convoluted processes, system delays, inadequate analysis and limited immediate and mid-term actions which should be generated following thorough and efficient investigations. A review of processes across high, medium and low-income countries has identified a more effective approach to achieving results in road safety reform across all road safety disciplines. The simple AAA framework to ‘Acquire, Analyse and Action’ is presented as a contemporary model to ensure an evidence-based foundation drives road safety reform to identify root cause analysis locally, nationally and globally. This provides structure, discipline and purpose as well as technical skill and competence to achieve practical recommendations as preventative measures for crash reduction. A multi-disciplined expert review team to validate/assess/modify these recommendations in serious crashes ensures constructive countermeasures are prioritised and actioned. This facilitates a paradigm shift in thinking and analysis to achieve a continuous improvement process designed to reduce road trauma and save lives.

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