Particle size analysis as a tool for performance measurements in high rate effluent filtration

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. J. M. van der Graaf ◽  
J. de Koning ◽  
J. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Particle Removal ◽  
Deep Bed Filtration ◽  
Filter Performance

In the Netherlands almost all wastewater treatment plants have been redesigned and adapted in order to remove nitrogen, phosphorus and suspended solids to a very low level. The improved effluent quality leads to a growing interest in the reuse of effluent of the modernised wastewater treatment plants. This again results in investigations on filtration techniques as deep bed filtration and membrane filtration. At the wastewater treatment plant Ede research was done on deep bed filtration in order to develop relations between particle removal and filter performance and to explore ways of optimization. The results of the experiments are rather typical for effluent of modern Dutch wastewater treatment plants. The very low concentrations of suspended solids and precipitable substances result in poor flocculating properties. From turbidity measurements it may be concluded that the best results were obtained with a dosage of flocculant. However, the particle size measurements indicated the opposite. Suspended solids calculations, based on the particle volume distributions, showed a better removal without a dosage of flocculant. From this it is concluded that a dosage of coagulant (Fe3+ or Al3+) has an adverse effect on the removal efficiencies even at low dosages (1 mg/l).

Tertiary filtration in small wastewater treatment plants

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Naddeo ◽  
V. Belgiorno
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Particle Removal ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Filter Performance

Tertiary filtration can be proposed in small wastewater treatment plants with impact on protected water bodies. Rotating disk filters may be adopted, in respect to conventional sand filters, when low availability of space and low investment costs are the prevailing conditions. The overall objective of this research was to evaluate the filtration efficiency of rotating disk filters; to compare effectiveness with traditional sand filters; to analyse thoroughly the importance of particle size distribution in wastewater tertiary filtration. In the experimental activity, conventional wastewater quality parameters were investigated and particle size distribution (PSD) was characterized to discuss the filter effectiveness. The effect of design and operation parameters of tertiary filters were discussed related to particle removal curves derived from particles counts. Analysis of particle size distribution can be very useful to help comprehension of filtration processes, design of filtration treatments and to decide the best measures to improve filter performance.

Increased performance of secondary clarifiers using dynamic distribution of minimum return sludge rates

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 2439-2445 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lynggaard-Jensen ◽  
P. Andreasen ◽  
F. Husum ◽  
M. Nygaard ◽  
J. Kaltoft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Total Flow ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Hydraulic Load ◽  
And Control

Most wastewater treatment plants have several secondary clarifiers or even more sets of clarifiers including several secondary clarifiers, and in practice it is a well known problem that equal distribution of the load to the single clarifier (or set of clarifiers) is very difficult—not to say impossible—to obtain. If the problem is neglected, quite a big percentage of the total clarifier capacity—measured as the max. allowed hydraulic load—can be lost. Further, return sludge rates are seldom controlled by any other means than as a (typically too high) percentage of the inlet to the wastewater treatment plant—giving a varying and too low suspended solids concentration in the return sludge, which again can lead to an unnecessary use of polymer in the pre-dewatering of the surplus sludge taken from the return sludge. A control of the return sludge rate divided into two parts - control of the total return sludge flow and control of how the total flow shall be distributed between the secondary clarifiers - is able to solve the mentioned problems. Finally, as shall be demonstrated on full scale wastewater treatment plants, a considerable increase of the hydraulic capacity of the treatment plants can be obtained.

scholarly journals Reliability of removal of selected pollutants in different technological solutions of household wastewater treatment plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Marzec
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Hybrid Reactor ◽  
Limit Values

AbstractThe reliability of removal of selected contaminants in three technological solutions of the household sewage treatment plants was analysed in this paper. The reliability of the sewage treatment plant with activated sludge, sprinkled biological deposit and hybrid reactor (activated sludge and immersed trickling filter) was analyzed. The analysis was performed using the Weibull method for basic indicators of impurities, BOD5, COD and total suspended solids. The technological reliability of the active sludge treatment plant was 70% for BOD5, 87% for COD and 66% for total suspended solids. In the sewage treatment plant with a biological deposit, the reliability values determined were: 30% (BOD5), 60% (COD) and 67% (total suspended solids). In a treatment plant with a hybrid reactor, 30% of the BOD5and COD limit values were exceeded, while 30% of the total suspended solids were exceeded. The reliability levels are significantly lower than the acceptable levels proposed in the literature, which means that the wastewater discharged from the analysed wastewater treatment plants often exceeds the limit values of indicators specified in currently valid in Poland Regulation of the Minister of Environment for object to 2000 population equivalent.

scholarly journals An evaluation of microplastics fate in the wastewater treatment plants: frequency and removal of microplastics by microfiltration membrane

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Yahyanezhad ◽  
Mohammad Javad Bardi ◽  
Hassan Aminirad
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Microfiltration Membrane ◽  
Membrane Technique ◽  
A Minor

Abstract In this research, the fate and removal of microplastics (MPs) entering and leaving in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was investigated. Additionally, the application of microfiltration membrane technique for MPs removal were evaluated. In the first phase, the quantity, type and size of the MPs were studied from three different points of the WWTP. The results showed that the average amount of MPs entered into the WWTP, accumulated in thesludge matrix and discharged from the effluent were 206, 183 and 94 MP/L, respectively. The MPs were observed mainly in the forms of fiber, pellet, and fragment, with a proportion of 35%, 39, 22, and 34%, 22, 38, and 31%, 39%, 37.7% in the influent, effluent and sludge of the WWTP, respectively. It should be noted, a minor amount of foam (2%) and film (0.3%) was also observed. The particle size distribution of the MPs in the effluent of the system was almost identical (6–14% for 1–5,000 μm), while the influent mostly contained the particles within 1–100 μm (above 26%) with other particle sizes within 100–5,000 μm (8–17%). Particle size within a range of 500–5,000 μm was abundant in the sludge. In the second phase, a micro-filtration (MF) membrane with a pore size of 0.1 μm was applied to eliminate the MPs from the effluent of WWTP. It was observed the application of MF membrane technique could achieve MPs removal efficiency up to 98% in the effluent of the system.

Tracking influent inorganic suspended solids through wastewater treatment plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Ekama ◽  
M.C. Wentzel ◽  
S.W. Sötemann
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Sludge Digestion ◽  
N Removal

From an experimental and theoretical investigation of the continuity of influent inorganic suspended solids (ISS) along the links connecting the primary settling tank (PST), fully aerobic or N removal activated sludge (AS) and anaerobic and aerobic sludge digestion unit operations, it was found that the influent wastewater (fixed) ISS concentration is conserved through primary sludge anaerobic digestion, activated sludge and aerobic digestion unit operations. However, the measured ISS flux at different stages through a series of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) unit operations is not equal to the influent ISS flux, because the ordinary heterotrophic organisms (OHO) biomass contributes to the ISS flux by differing amounts depending on the active fraction of the VSS solids at that stage.

scholarly journals Resource-building structures hydraulic account for treatment of vehicle washing stations wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 03013
Author(s):  
Aybek Arifjanov ◽  
Uchqun Umarov ◽  
Akmal Abdullayev
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Hydraulic Calculation ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Building Structures

The article presents a method for calculating the parameters of treatment facilities to bring the level of precipitation and wastewater from small enterprises, shops, and services of the Republic to the level of sewage and irrigation trays. The aim is to improve the design parameters of resource-efficient wastewater treatment plants and their widespread use, increase the production capacity of local wastewater treatment plants, improve the level of wastewater treatment and prevent environmental degradation. Hydraulic calculation of the design parameters of the settling tank was carried out at the local treatment plant. The precipitator works by precipitating suspended solids and separating petroleum products from the liquid surface. At the local treatment plant, the content of petroleum products in industrial and precipitation effluents was reduced to 3 mg/l, and the number of suspended solids to 1-1.5 mg/l.

scholarly journals The use of pulsed flushing to improve the efficiency of polymer floating media filters

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00022
Author(s):  
Zhanna Govorova ◽  
Alexey Andrianov
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Mechanical Removal

Surface runoff from urban area is a potential source of pollution of water bodies. The composition of pollutants in surface runoff depends on various factors and seasons. The main pollutants are oil products, suspended solids, COD, chlorides and other mineral salts. Traditional wastewater treatment plants include the mechanical removal of large items, debris and leaves; sand removal; water clarification in accumulating settling tanks; chemical dosing, contact filtration and deep purification on sorption filters. Filters with inert floating polystyrene media of various types are widely used as first stage filters. The operation of industrial filters in the technological schemes of wastewater treatment strongly depends on the backwash efficiency. Floating media flushing is carried out in the direction from top to down using the water accumulated in the over-filter space. The article presents the results of the study of pulsed flushing on a model plant. Experimental study was conducted on the real wastewater treatment plant. The kinetics of suspended solids and oil products removal from filter media was studied. The operational parameters and mode of pulsed flushing were determined. The research results were used during the reconstruction of Moscow surface runoff water treatment plants.

Experiments on membrane filtration of effluent at wastewater treatment plants in the Netherlands

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. J. M. van der Graaf ◽  
J. F. Kramer ◽  
J. Pluim ◽  
J. de Koning ◽  
M. Weijs
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Wwtp Effluent ◽  
Capillary Membranes ◽  
Almost All

In the Netherlands interest in advanced treatment is increasing now that almost all wastewater treatment plants apply full biological treatment and nutrient removal. Membrane filtration of WWTP-effluent appears to be a very promising method to remove suspended solids and, in addition, bacteria and viruses. Experiments with a pilot unit consisting of a dual media prefilter and a membrane filter, containing capillary membranes with a pore size of 0.01 μm (ultrafiltration) and working in a semi dead-end mode, gave rather promising results. A flux of 90 l/m2.h was achieved after optimizing the cleaning procedures (TMP 0.6 bar, recovery > 90%). Experiments with microfiltration (transverse flow module) based on the cross-flow principle were successful only at high cross flow velocities (flux 100 l/m2.h, TMP 0.5 bar, recovery 80%). The ultrafiltrate showed an excellent quality with the absence of suspended solids and bacteria. Finally, low costs for energy (NLG 0.02/m3 (1 NLG = 0.5 US$)) and chemicals (NLG 0.01/m3) were calculated. Further optimization will facilitate the applicability of membrane filtration in the near future.

Performance and operating experiences of the first Scandinavian full-scale Discfilter installation for tertiary phosphorus polishing with preceding coagulation and flocculation

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kängsepp ◽  
J. Väänänen ◽  
K. Örning ◽  
M. Sjölin ◽  
P. Olsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Pre Treatment

Microscreening (using Discfilters) is a widely used technology for suspended solids removal in tertiary effluent streams of wastewater treatment plants. Several pilot studies have shown the feasibility of using coagulation and flocculation in combination with microscreens for advanced phosphorus removal, but the number of full-scale references is still limited. In summer 2014, the first Scandinavian full-scale Discfilter installation with 2-stage chemical pre-treatment (coagulation and flocculation) was started up at the Arvidstorp wastewater treatment plant in Trollhättan (Sweden). The results obtained during the first year of operation proved that low suspended solids and total phosphorus effluent values could be achieved (<5 and <0.2 mg/l, respectively). These results were obtained even during heavy rainfall, when biologically and primary treated water were mixed at the influent of the Discfilter installation, before the coagulation and flocculation tanks. Further analysis of the results showed that Discfilter in combination with coagulant and polymer pre-treatment is a robust and reliable technology with low energy demand (34 Wh/m3) and a high recovery (1.9 ± 0.4% of influent flow discharged as reject).

scholarly journals Determination on inhibition effects of coagulants used in wastewater treatment plants on anaerobic digester

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 1877-1884
Author(s):  
Güler Türkoğlu Demirkol ◽  
Gökhan Balcıoğlu ◽  
Nurtaç Öz ◽  
Moiz Elnekave ◽  
Bülent Armağan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Solids Removal

Abstract Domestic wastewaters causing pollution contain inorganic and/or organic materials. When the domestic wastewater outflows to the receiving waters, it causes physical, chemical, and biological pollution in them, and deteriorates the ecological balance of those waters. In the treatment of wastewater, various treatment methods are available depending on the pollution strength of the wastewater. Besides mechanical and biological methods, wastewater treatment with physicochemical methods is still one of the most effective and economical options. Particularly in wastewater with a high concentration of suspended solids, this method is very successful, and obtaining high suspended solids removal efficiencies is very possible. In this study, the effects of the use of coagulant and coagulant aid to be used in a treatment plant where domestic wastewater treatment is carried out are determined to increase the treatment efficiency of a biological treatment that comes later in the stages of the treatment. The effluent of the pre-settling tank may contain a lot of suspended solids. This presence of excess suspended solids decreases the efficiency at other levels of treatment and causes energy loss. In the experiments, the standard jar and inhibition tests are done as a method. As a result of the conducted studies, it is determined that the FeCl3, Synthetic coagulant LP 526, FeClSO4, and the combination of anionic polyelectrolyte yield the best results in the removal of the parameters of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and volatile suspended solids (VSS). While FeCl3, APE 65, APE 85, Synthetic coagulant LP 526, and FeClSO4 did not show any inhibition effect in the sludge, APE 67, CPE 84, and (Al2(SO4)3 are found to cause inhibition in the sludge.

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