Degradation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in wastewater effluents by photocatalysis for water reuse

Reclaimed wastewater must be considered as an important component of the water budget in Jordan where water resources are rather limited. It has been estimated that wastewater effluents will amount to about 50% of the water deficit that is anticipated by the year 2000. This constitutes about 23% of the total renewable groundwater resource capacity. Quality characteristics of wastewater effluents from different treatment plants and other sources are presented. Review of institutional and legal aspects of water reuse is recommended toward encouraging treated effluent reuse. Outlines for a new reuse strategy have been suggested to ensure that wastewater reuse projects are operationally sustainable and environmentally sound.

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Compressible synthetic dual-medium filtration of wastewater effluents for water reuse

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2006.050 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S.K. Maeng ◽

K.H. Ahn ◽

K.P. Kim ◽

K.G. Song ◽

K.Y. Park

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Water Reuse ◽

Granular Media ◽

Suspended Solids ◽

Synthetic Medium ◽

Total Suspended Solids ◽

Polyurethane Foams ◽

The Media ◽

Solids Removal ◽

Wastewater Effluents

A novel filtration process using compressible synthetic dual-medium filter was investigated for wastewater effluents reclamation. In synthetic medium filtration system, the fluid to be filtered flows through the media as opposed to flowing around the filtering media as in granular media filters. Three types of open porous polyurethane foams with different densities and pore sizes were tested to determine their performances with respect to the removal of turbidity and total suspended solids. Media with smaller porosity showed higher removal efficiency in both turbidity and total suspended solids. Second, single- and dual-medium synthetic filters were compared to evaluate their feasibilities of treating wastewater effluents for water reuse applications and determined the optimum range to meet water reuse standard of the turbidity (i.e., turbidity <2 NTU). To meet water reuse standards (i.e., turbidity <2 NTU) in this study, single- and dual-synthetic medium filters will need to operate at compression ratios of 30 (<333 L/m2·min) and 50% (<500 L/m2·min), respectively. The removal efficiency of turbidity was slightly increased with the increase in compression ratios, and the total suspended solids removal was more affected by the filtration rates than that of turbidity in the synthetic medium filtration.

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Evaluation of a bench-scale membrane fouling protocol to determine fouling propensities of membranes during full-scale water reuse applications

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2010.416 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 62 (5) ◽

pp. 1198-1204

Author(s):

C. L. Bellona ◽

A. Wuertle ◽

P. Xu ◽

J. E. Drewes

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Membrane Fouling ◽

Water Reuse ◽

Membrane System ◽

Full Scale ◽

Effluent Organic Matter ◽

Bench Scale ◽

Testing Protocol ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Wastewater Effluents

There is increasing interest in recycling wastewater effluents for augmentation of existing water supplies. The treatment of wastewater effluents by an integrated membrane system, such as microfiltration pre-treatment followed by reverse osmosis, is the industry standard for groundwater recharge or reservoir augmentation projects. Membrane fouling, especially effluent organic matter fouling, is a major challenge for water reuse applications employing high-pressure membranes. While fouling control through pre-treatment is an important aspect in membrane system design and operation, selecting low fouling membranes is an equally important aspect. Although recent research has begun to elucidate fouling mechanisms, little work has been performed to develop methods to pre-determine the effluent organic matter fouling propensities of high-pressure membranes so that low-fouling membranes can be pre-selected for reuse applications. The purpose of this study was to utilize a bench-scale testing protocol to test the relative effluent organic matter fouling propensities of commercially available NF and RO membranes when treating wastewater effluents. Bench-scale fouling test results were then compared to operational data generated during pilot- and full-scale membrane testing. Pilot- and full-scale testing using recycled water demonstrated that membranes foul at significantly different rates and that the extent of fouling could be estimated utilizing the proposed bench-scale testing protocol.

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Structure-Based Virtual Screening of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) as Endocrine Disruptors of Androgen Receptor Activity Using Molecular Docking and Machine Learning

10.26434/chemrxiv.11886702.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Azhagiya Singam Ettayapuram Ramaprasad ◽

Phum Tachachartvanich ◽

Denis Fourches ◽

Anatoly Soshilov ◽

Jennifer C.Y. Hsieh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Molecular Docking ◽

Androgen Receptor ◽

Endocrine Disruptors ◽

Hormone Receptors ◽

Steroid Hormone Receptors ◽

Machine Learning Techniques ◽

Support Vector ◽

Polyfluoroalkyl Substances ◽

Perfluoroalkyl And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) pose a substantial threat as endocrine disruptors, and thus early identification of those that may interact with steroid hormone receptors, such as the androgen receptor (AR), is critical. In this study we screened 5,206 PFASs from the CompTox database against the different binding sites on the AR using both molecular docking and machine learning techniques. We developed support vector machine models trained on Tox21 data to classify the active and inactive PFASs for AR using different chemical fingerprints as features. The maximum accuracy was 95.01% and Matthew’s correlation coefficient (MCC) was 0.76 respectively, based on MACCS fingerprints (MACCSFP). The combination of docking-based screening and machine learning models identified 29 PFASs that have strong potential for activity against the AR and should be considered priority chemicals for biological toxicity testing.

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