Research on human burden/toxicants

INTRODUCTION: Tehran is always exposed to various dangers due to its high population density. A geographic information system (GIS) can be very useful for reducing the financial and human burden caused by accidents, disasters, and diseases. METHODS: This field study was performed using a practical and descriptive research method. The pre-hospital emergency bases in the east of Tehran province and all the emergency bases covered by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in disasters were evaluated as a case study. The population of these cities amounted to 1,149,485 people and included cities in the east of Tehran province, Iran, including Damavand, Firoozkooh, Pakdasht, Pishva, Qarchak, and Varamin. FINDINGS: Rational maps were created and analyzed in the areas where emergency bases were located using ArcGIS software, as well as analysis of regions, distances, point density, and a combination of these factors. Regarding the standards and indicators, it was determined that the Disaster and Emergency Medical Management Center needs to have130 emergency medical technicians, 23 ambulances, and one ambulance bus to equip the exiting emergency bases according to the standard pre-hospital regulations. Other requirements in this regard include the replacement of worn-out ambulances with new ones, construction of two emergency bases in Qarchak, Tehran, Iran, and three emergency bases in Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran, as well as the transfer of bases in the proximity of faults and flood-prone areas to safe places. CONCLUSION: Based on the obtained results, a comprehensive pre-hospital database was designed for the use of managers and officials in the occurrence of accidents, which might be used as a pilot work that can be expanded to other areas of Tehran, Iran, and other provinces in managing disasters and accidents.

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Global human burden and official development assistance in health R&D: The role of medical absorptive capacity

Research Policy ◽

10.1016/j.respol.2021.104365 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (10) ◽

pp. 104365

Author(s):

Christopher Williams

Keyword(s):

Absorptive Capacity ◽

Development Assistance ◽

Official Development Assistance ◽

Human Burden

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The Effects of Visuomotor Training on the Functional Recovery of Post-Surgery Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11094053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 4053

Author(s):

Elisa Andrenelli ◽

Luciano Sabbatini ◽

Maurizio Ricci ◽

Maria Gabriella Ceravolo ◽

Marianna Capecci

Keyword(s):

Motor Function ◽

Orthopedic Surgery ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Musculoskeletal Conditions ◽

Post Surgery ◽

Pain Scores ◽

To Receive ◽

Human Burden ◽

Minimally Clinical Important Difference

(1) Background: Musculoskeletal conditions show increasing prevalence and high economic/human burden. Recovery for hip or knee surgery may require more than 26 weeks, while universally accepted rehabilitation guidelines are missing. Provided that multisensory-based training enhances motor learning, the study aims to verify if visuomotor training accelerates the recovery of lower limb motor function after orthopedic surgery. (2) Methods: Post-surgery subjects were randomly assigned to receive visuomotor training as an add-on to the conventional physical therapy (VTG), or receive the conventional therapy alone (CG). Subjects performed 40 one-hour training sessions in 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was the improvement in the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) over the minimally clinical important difference (MCID) at 4 weeks post-randomization. The secondary endpoint included pain reduction. (3) Results: Eighteen patients were equally distributed into the VTG and CG groups. While LEFS and pain scores significantly improved in both groups, the VTG exceeded the LEFS MCID by 12 points and halved the pain value after the first 4 weeks of treatment, while the CG reached the endpoints only after treatment end (p = 0.0001). (4) Conclusions: Visuomotor training offers an innovative rehabilitation approach that accelerates the recovery of lower limb motor function in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.

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Utilization of mine water of Kryvbas as an imperative for sustainable development of Dnipropetrovsk region

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202016601009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 166 ◽

pp. 01009

Author(s):

Oleksandr Amosha ◽

Hanna Shevtsova ◽

Ziya Memedlyaev

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Mine Water ◽

Mining Industry ◽

Interdisciplinary Approach ◽

Pilot Project ◽

Complex Interactions ◽

Multidimensional Concept ◽

Human Burden

Sustainable development is a wide area of scientific discourse based on the interdisciplinary approach that integrates research in the natural, technical and social sciences. It is a multidimensional concept that reveals complex interactions between society, economy and environment. This work highlights problems of sustainable development of old industrial regions with the dominance of the mining industry. The latter creates a high human burden on the environment and leads to ecological and social problems. One of the most important tasks of ensuring the long-term environmental sustainability of the Dnipropetrovsk region in Ukraine is utilization of highly mineralized mine water of Kryvbas. From the standpoint of sustainable development, mine water should be considered as a hydro-mineral resource of many valuable components including bromine. In this work we justify the creation of bromine production from mine water of Kryvbas. Potential profitability of the production is largely based on innovative technical and technological solutions. We examine the market and many aspects of the pilot project, including its technological, investment and economic specifics. We highlight the relevance of this project and suggest a possibility for its implementation within the regional strategy framework.

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Screening for Diabetic Retinopathy in the Central Region of Portugal. Added Value of Automated ‘Disease/No Disease' Grading

Ophthalmologica ◽

10.1159/000368426 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 233 (2) ◽

pp. 96-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Luisa Ribeiro ◽

Carlos Manta Oliveira ◽

Catarina Neves ◽

João Diogo Ramos ◽

Hélder Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Central Region ◽

Screening Program ◽

Automated Analysis ◽

Added Value ◽

Automated System ◽

Grading Scale ◽

Reading Center ◽

Disease Analysis ◽

Human Burden

Purpose: To describe the procedures of a nonmydriatic diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening program in the Central Region of Portugal and the added value of the introduction of an automated disease/no disease analysis. Methods: The images from the DR screening program are analyzed in a central reading center using first an automated disease/no disease analysis followed by human grading of the disease cases. The grading scale used is as follows: R0 - no retinopathy, RL - nonproliferative DR, M - maculopathy, RP - proliferative DR and NC - not classifiable. Results: Since the introduction of automated analysis in July 2011, a total of 89,626 eyes (45,148 patients) were screened with the following distribution: R0 - 71.5%, RL - 22.7%, M - 2.2%, RP - 0.1% and NC - 3.5%. The implemented automated system showed the potential for human grading burden reduction of 48.42%. Conclusions: Screening for DR using automated analysis allied to a simplified grading scale identifies DR vision-threatening complications well while decreasing human burden.

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Clinically Applicable Deep Learning for Intracranial Aneurysm Detection in Computed Tomography Angiography Images: A Comprehensive Multicohort Study

10.1101/2020.03.21.20040063 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhao Shi ◽

Chongchang Miao ◽

Chengwei Pan ◽

Xue Chai ◽

Xiu Li Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Intracranial Aneurysm ◽

High Confidence ◽

Common Life ◽

Bone Removal ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Diagnosis Tool ◽

Aneurysm Detection ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Human Burden

AbstractIntracranial aneurysm is a common life-threatening disease. CTA is recommended as a standard diagnosis tool, while the interpretation is time-consuming and challenging. We presented a novel deep-learning-based framework trained on 1,177 DSA verified bone-removal CTA cases. The framework had excellent tolerance to the influence of occult cases of CTA-negative but DSA-positive aneurysms, image quality, and manufacturers. Simulated real-world studies were conducted in consecutive internal and external cohorts, achieving improved sensitivity and negative predictive value than radiologists. A specific cohort of suspected acute ischemic stroke was employed and found 96.8% predicted-negative cases can be trusted with high confidence, leading to reducing in human burden. A prospective study is warranted to determine whether the algorithm could improve patients’ care in comparison to radiologists’ assessment.

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Core Genome MLST for Source Attribution of Campylobacter coli

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.703890 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Lucas Harrison ◽

Sampa Mukherjee ◽

Chih-Hao Hsu ◽

Shenia Young ◽

Errol Strain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Core Genome ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Human Infection ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Clinical Settings ◽

Source Attribution ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Human Burden

Campylobacter species are among the leading foodborne bacterial agents of human diarrheal illness. The majority of campylobacteriosis has been attributed to Campylobacter jejuni (85% or more), followed by Campylobacter coli (5–10%). The distribution of C. jejuni and C. coli varies by host organism, indicating that the contribution to human infection may differ between isolation sources. To address the relative contribution of each source to C. coli infections in humans, core genome multilocus sequence type with a 200-allele difference scheme (cgMLST200) was used to determine cgMLST type for 3,432 C. coli isolated from food animals (n = 2,613), retail poultry meats (n = 389), human clinical settings (n = 285), and environmental sources (n = 145). Source attribution was determined by analyzing the core genome with a minimal multilocus distance methodology (MMD). Using MMD, a higher proportion of the clinical C. coli population was attributed to poultry (49.6%) and environmental (20.9%) sources than from cattle (9.8%) and swine (3.2%). Within the population of C. coli clinical isolates, 70% of the isolates that were attributed to non-cecal retail poultry, dairy cattle, beef cattle and environmental waters came from two cgMLST200 groups from each source. The most common antibiotic resistance genes among all C. coli were tetO (65.6%), blaOXA–193 (54.2%), aph(3′)-IIIa (23.5%), and aadE-Cc (20.1%). Of the antibiotic resistance determinants, only one gene was isolated from a single source: blaOXA–61 was only isolated from retail poultry. Within cgMLST200 groups, 17/17 cgMLST200-435 and 89/92 cgMLST200-707 isolates encoded for aph(3’)-VIIa and 16/16 cgMLST200-319 harbored aph(2’)-If genes. Distribution of blaOXA alleles showed 49/50 cgMLST200-5 isolates contained blaOXA–498 while blaOXA–460 was present in 37/38 cgMLST200-650 isolates. The cgMLST200-514 group revealed both ant(6)-Ia and sat4 resistance genes in 23/23 and 22/23 isolates, respectively. Also, cgMLST200-266 and cgMLST200-84 had GyrAT86I mutation with 16/16 (100%) and 14/15 (93.3%), respectively. These findings illustrate how cgMLST and MMD methods can be used to evaluate the relative contribution of known sources of C. coli to the human burden of campylobacteriosis and how cgMLST typing can be used as an indicator of antimicrobial resistance in C. coli.

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