Core Genome MLST for Source Attribution of Campylobacter coli

Campylobacter species are among the leading foodborne bacterial agents of human diarrheal illness. The majority of campylobacteriosis has been attributed to Campylobacter jejuni (85% or more), followed by Campylobacter coli (5–10%). The distribution of C. jejuni and C. coli varies by host organism, indicating that the contribution to human infection may differ between isolation sources. To address the relative contribution of each source to C. coli infections in humans, core genome multilocus sequence type with a 200-allele difference scheme (cgMLST200) was used to determine cgMLST type for 3,432 C. coli isolated from food animals (n = 2,613), retail poultry meats (n = 389), human clinical settings (n = 285), and environmental sources (n = 145). Source attribution was determined by analyzing the core genome with a minimal multilocus distance methodology (MMD). Using MMD, a higher proportion of the clinical C. coli population was attributed to poultry (49.6%) and environmental (20.9%) sources than from cattle (9.8%) and swine (3.2%). Within the population of C. coli clinical isolates, 70% of the isolates that were attributed to non-cecal retail poultry, dairy cattle, beef cattle and environmental waters came from two cgMLST200 groups from each source. The most common antibiotic resistance genes among all C. coli were tetO (65.6%), blaOXA–193 (54.2%), aph(3′)-IIIa (23.5%), and aadE-Cc (20.1%). Of the antibiotic resistance determinants, only one gene was isolated from a single source: blaOXA–61 was only isolated from retail poultry. Within cgMLST200 groups, 17/17 cgMLST200-435 and 89/92 cgMLST200-707 isolates encoded for aph(3’)-VIIa and 16/16 cgMLST200-319 harbored aph(2’)-If genes. Distribution of blaOXA alleles showed 49/50 cgMLST200-5 isolates contained blaOXA–498 while blaOXA–460 was present in 37/38 cgMLST200-650 isolates. The cgMLST200-514 group revealed both ant(6)-Ia and sat4 resistance genes in 23/23 and 22/23 isolates, respectively. Also, cgMLST200-266 and cgMLST200-84 had GyrAT86I mutation with 16/16 (100%) and 14/15 (93.3%), respectively. These findings illustrate how cgMLST and MMD methods can be used to evaluate the relative contribution of known sources of C. coli to the human burden of campylobacteriosis and how cgMLST typing can be used as an indicator of antimicrobial resistance in C. coli.

The Effects of Visuomotor Training on the Functional Recovery of Post-Surgery Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Randomized Controlled Trial

(1) Background: Musculoskeletal conditions show increasing prevalence and high economic/human burden. Recovery for hip or knee surgery may require more than 26 weeks, while universally accepted rehabilitation guidelines are missing. Provided that multisensory-based training enhances motor learning, the study aims to verify if visuomotor training accelerates the recovery of lower limb motor function after orthopedic surgery. (2) Methods: Post-surgery subjects were randomly assigned to receive visuomotor training as an add-on to the conventional physical therapy (VTG), or receive the conventional therapy alone (CG). Subjects performed 40 one-hour training sessions in 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was the improvement in the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) over the minimally clinical important difference (MCID) at 4 weeks post-randomization. The secondary endpoint included pain reduction. (3) Results: Eighteen patients were equally distributed into the VTG and CG groups. While LEFS and pain scores significantly improved in both groups, the VTG exceeded the LEFS MCID by 12 points and halved the pain value after the first 4 weeks of treatment, while the CG reached the endpoints only after treatment end (p = 0.0001). (4) Conclusions: Visuomotor training offers an innovative rehabilitation approach that accelerates the recovery of lower limb motor function in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.

Spatial Analysis of Pre-Hospital Emergency Bases in Disasters in Tehran Province, Iran

INTRODUCTION: Tehran is always exposed to various dangers due to its high population density. A geographic information system (GIS) can be very useful for reducing the financial and human burden caused by accidents, disasters, and diseases. METHODS: This field study was performed using a practical and descriptive research method. The pre-hospital emergency bases in the east of Tehran province and all the emergency bases covered by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in disasters were evaluated as a case study. The population of these cities amounted to 1,149,485 people and included cities in the east of Tehran province, Iran, including Damavand, Firoozkooh, Pakdasht, Pishva, Qarchak, and Varamin. FINDINGS: Rational maps were created and analyzed in the areas where emergency bases were located using ArcGIS software, as well as analysis of regions, distances, point density, and a combination of these factors. Regarding the standards and indicators, it was determined that the Disaster and Emergency Medical Management Center needs to have130 emergency medical technicians, 23 ambulances, and one ambulance bus to equip the exiting emergency bases according to the standard pre-hospital regulations. Other requirements in this regard include the replacement of worn-out ambulances with new ones, construction of two emergency bases in Qarchak, Tehran, Iran, and three emergency bases in Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran, as well as the transfer of bases in the proximity of faults and flood-prone areas to safe places. CONCLUSION: Based on the obtained results, a comprehensive pre-hospital database was designed for the use of managers and officials in the occurrence of accidents, which might be used as a pilot work that can be expanded to other areas of Tehran, Iran, and other provinces in managing disasters and accidents.

مسؤولية الإنسان في بناء الحضارة المثلي في القرآن

أرسل الله سبحانه وتعالى رسولا إلى هذه الإنسانية الشقية ليزيل شقوتها ووضع عنها إصرها والأغلال التي في أعناقها وأنزل عليه كتابا، يهدي به الله من اتبع رضوانه سبل السلام وجعل منه معجزة باهرة شاهدة على صدق دعوته مؤيدة لحقية رسالته. فكان القرآن هداية الخلق وحجية الرسل. رسالة الدين الأساسية في هداية البشر تشمل على نشئ الإنسان الكامل وبناء الحضارة العالية. فلذا، كان الإسلام بقرآنه وسنة نبيه حريصا على نقل هؤلاء من همجية البداوة إلى نظام الحضارة والمدنية. والإنسان هو المؤهل المسؤول للقيام بالدور الحضاري المطلوب، معد نفسيا وأخلاقيا وفكريا وعلميا، وكما وردت الآيات القرآنية والأحاديث النبوية عن مسؤوليات الإنسان لبناء الحضارة. يهدف هذا البحث إلى كشف توجيه القرآن الإنسان إليه مع كونه خليفة في الأرض. فسيقوم هذا البحث على المنهج التحليلي وعلى الدراسة الموضوعية لكشف الآيات القرآنية عن مسؤولية الإنسان في بناء الحضارة. حصل الباحث على النتيجة العلمية وهي أن القرآن قد وضع البيان الشامل عن العناصر الكاملة في بناء الحضارة المثلى من طهارة النفس والأخلاق الكريمة والعقل السليم والعلم والعلم والمعرفة. يرجى من هذا البحث البسيط أن يستفيد المسلمون من تلك النتائج العالية. Allah sent prophets and revealed the revelations to eliminate human burden. He will guide people with the Qur'an and the Qur'an is proof of the truth of the prophets. Among the main goals of Islamic teachings is civilization building. Al-Quran and al-hadeeth underlined this point toward humankind as the main actors of this alteration to bring them from the intellectual and moral stagnancy to the dinamization of thought and attitude in achieving the ultimate state of humanity. Both Quran and Hadeeth show mankind the main elements of this alteration; the Soul, character, the mind, and knowledge. This work aimed to elaborate those elements in accord to the main role of mankind as the Chalifa of this world. Applying analitical method in reading the text as well as using the thematic approach to discover the key points from both sources, this work shows that both Quran and hadeeth have clearly stated the exact formulas in building the superior civilization of mankind, namely; Soul purification, character nobility, sound mind and high intellectual capacity. This simple research is intended to benefit Muslims from those valuable values.

Clinically Applicable Deep Learning for Intracranial Aneurysm Detection in Computed Tomography Angiography Images: A Comprehensive Multicohort Study

Intracranial aneurysm is a common life-threatening disease. CTA is recommended as a standard diagnosis tool, while the interpretation is time-consuming and challenging. We presented a novel deep-learning-based framework trained on 1,177 DSA verified bone-removal CTA cases. The framework had excellent tolerance to the influence of occult cases of CTA-negative but DSA-positive aneurysms, image quality, and manufacturers. Simulated real-world studies were conducted in consecutive internal and external cohorts, achieving improved sensitivity and negative predictive value than radiologists. A specific cohort of suspected acute ischemic stroke was employed and found 96.8% predicted-negative cases can be trusted with high confidence, leading to reducing in human burden. A prospective study is warranted to determine whether the algorithm could improve patients’ care in comparison to radiologists’ assessment.

Utilization of mine water of Kryvbas as an imperative for sustainable development of Dnipropetrovsk region

Sustainable development is a wide area of scientific discourse based on the interdisciplinary approach that integrates research in the natural, technical and social sciences. It is a multidimensional concept that reveals complex interactions between society, economy and environment. This work highlights problems of sustainable development of old industrial regions with the dominance of the mining industry. The latter creates a high human burden on the environment and leads to ecological and social problems. One of the most important tasks of ensuring the long-term environmental sustainability of the Dnipropetrovsk region in Ukraine is utilization of highly mineralized mine water of Kryvbas. From the standpoint of sustainable development, mine water should be considered as a hydro-mineral resource of many valuable components including bromine. In this work we justify the creation of bromine production from mine water of Kryvbas. Potential profitability of the production is largely based on innovative technical and technological solutions. We examine the market and many aspects of the pilot project, including its technological, investment and economic specifics. We highlight the relevance of this project and suggest a possibility for its implementation within the regional strategy framework.

Rationale for the Successful Management of EDTA Chelation Therapy in Human Burden by Toxic Metals

Exposure to environmental and occupational toxicants is responsible for adverse effects on human health. Chelation therapy is the only procedure able to remove toxic metals from human organs and tissue, aiming to treat damage related to acute and/or chronic intoxication. The present review focuses on the most recent evidence of the successful use of the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Assessment of toxic-metal presence in humans, as well as the rationale of EDTA therapy in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, is reported.