“The family farms together, the decisions, however are made by the man” —Matrilineal land tenure systems, welfare and decision making in rural Malawi

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 601-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Andersson Djurfeldt ◽  
Ellen Hillbom ◽  
Wapulumuka O. Mulwafu ◽  
Peter Mvula ◽  
Göran Djurfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
The Family ◽  
Land Tenure Systems

The Sociological Significance of Ancestor-Worship in Ashanti

Africa ◽  
1930 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-471
Author(s):  
Edith Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Practical Work ◽  
Ancestor Worship ◽  
The Family ◽  
Religious Dogma ◽  
The One ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Land Tenure Systems

Opening ParagraphThe Institute has laid down its policy in ethnological matters in the Report of the Executive Council held in Berlin in December, 1928. The Council then came to the conclusion that ‘there was a gap between anthropological science on the one hand and the practical work of education and administration on the other, and that the Institute could render useful service by attempting to bridge this gap’.The following resolution was passed unanimously:‘The Council reaffirms its resolution to encourage studies of African life and institutions, more particularly with reference to such subjects as the family, law, economic life, ideas of land tenure, systems of education, phenomena of change and similar subjects which have a direct bearing on practical work and administration in Africa.It was, I presume, due to an accident of omission that religion does not appear in the list of subjects the study of which is to be encouraged. In Africa, above all ethnographic areas, religious dogma and practice lie at the very core of all aspects of culture, and no study of ‘the family, law, economics, ideas of land tenure, systems of education’ could be adequate that did not start off with an account of native belief. In giving an analysis of Ashanti religion I shall show that this is especially true of that culture.

The role of parents in teenagers' independent decision-making

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 45-47
Author(s):  
Sodiqova Gulbarno Odiljon qizi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The Family ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Independent Decision

This article provides an overview of the role of parents and parenting methods in teenager independent decision-making in the family, and provides relevant conclusions

scholarly journals Development and validation of the Family Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie T. Nolan ◽  
Mark T. Hughes ◽  
Joan Kub ◽  
Peter B. Terry ◽  
Alan Astrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Terminally Ill ◽  
Loved One ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Decision ◽  
Patient Scenario ◽  
Family Decision Making ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

AbstractObjective:Several studies have reported high levels of distress in family members who have made health care decisions for loved ones at the end of life. A method is needed to assess the readiness of family members to take on this important role. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate a scale to measure family member confidence in making decisions with (conscious patient scenario) and for (unconscious patient scenario) a terminally ill loved one.Methods:On the basis of a survey of family members of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) enriched by in-depth interviews guided by Self-Efficacy Theory, we developed six themes within family decision making self-efficacy. We then created items reflecting these themes that were refined by a panel of end-of-life research experts. With 30 family members of patients in an outpatient ALS and a pancreatic cancer clinic, we tested the tool for internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha and for consistency from one administration to another using the test–retest reliability assessment in a subset of 10 family members. Items with item to total scale score correlations of less than .40 were eliminated.Results:A 26-item scale with two 13-item scenarios resulted, measuring family self-efficacy in decision making for a conscious or unconscious patient with a Cronbach's alphas of .91 and .95, respectively. Test–retest reliability was r = .96, p = .002 in the conscious senario and r = .92, p = .009 in the unconscious scenario.Significance of results:The Family Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale is valid, reliable, and easily completed in the clinic setting. It may be used in research and clinical care to assess the confidence of family members in their ability to make decisions with or for a terminally ill loved one.

基於儒家家庭本位思想的知情同意原則的思考

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Xiangjin KONG ◽  
Mingjie ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
Moral Virtue ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Confucian Ethics ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Decision ◽  
Opinion Polls

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.在具有家庭主義特徵的中國社會文化語境下，儒家家庭本位思想對病人知情同意權的影響是客觀實在。以自由主義和個人主義為理論基礎的個人自主知情同意原則要想在中國本土的醫療實踐中發揮應有作用，突顯家庭在知情同意過程中的主導地位是重要前提。在中國的醫療實踐中，知情同意的模式必須融入中國儒家家庭本位思想，才能更好地發揮其作用。Opinion polls released recently show that the majority of people in China today think that informed consent in medical practice is necessary, with more than half favoring family decision making over individual, autonomous patient decision making. Based on these opinion polls, this essay argues that the liberalism and liberal individualism that emphasize individual autonomy do not square with the Confucian tradition.The essay submits that the “family decision” model is designed to embody Confucian family ethics and maximize the benefit of family involvement in medical decision making. The family model includes both the patient and his or her close family members in the decision making process. The Confucian ethics of humanness (ren) – the highest moral virtue – and filial piety (xiao) – the foundation of all moral virtue – support family as the most appropriate authority for medical decisions. Further, the essay explores how the family as a unit is better positioned to work with the physician at critical moments to protect the interests of the patient. This means that the family, not the patient, is in authority, and that in some cases, it is acceptable for family members to hide “medical information” from the patient with the cooperation of the physician. The essay concludes that the family is, and should be treated as, a significant moral participant in medical decision making.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 99 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

Land-Tenure in Mycenaean Greece and the Hittite Empire: Linear B Land-surveys from Pylos and Middle Hittite Land-Donations

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-486
Author(s):  
Alexander Uchitel
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Etude Comparative ◽  
Étude Comparative ◽  
Systematic Comparison ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Land Tenure Systems ◽  
Linear B

AbstractThe article is a comparative study of Mycenaean Greek and Hittite land-tenure systems. It is based upon a systematic comparison of two groups of documents: land-registers (the so-called E-series) from Pylos and Middle Hittite land-donations. The traditional interpretation of both Mycenaean Greek and Hittite documents is challenged and alternative interpretations are offered. Thus, on the Mycenaean side, the construction with the preposition pa-ro is reinterpreted, and on the Hittite side an entirely new interpretation of a Hittite expression pir-sahhanas is offered. Both land-tenure systems are interpreted as two manifestations of compulsory labour service of small landholders attached to large agricultural estates. Cet article est une étude comparative des systèmes de tenue de la terre dans la Grèce mycénienne et l'empire hittite. Elle est fondée sur une comparaison systématique de deux groupes de documents : les registres de la terre (appelés la série E) de Pylos et les donations de terre moyenne hittite. L'interprétation traditionnelle des documents mycénien et hittite est ici remise en question et une nouvelle explication est offerte. Ainsi, du côté mycénien, la construction avec la préposition pa-ro est réinterprétée, et du côté hittite une interprétation entièrement nouvelle de l'expression pir-sahhanas est proposée. Les deux systèmes de tenue de la terre sont interprétés comme deux manifestations d'un service de travail obligatoire dus par des petits propriétaires attachés à des grandes propriétés agricoles.

scholarly journals Family Poultry (FP) as a Tool for Improving Gender Equity and Women’s Empowerment in Developing Countries: Evidence from Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Soshe Ahmed ◽  
Maksuda Begum ◽  
Afia Khatun ◽  
Md. R Gofur ◽  
Md. TA Azad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Asset Accumulation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Marketing Systems ◽  
Access To Knowledge ◽  
Training Services

The study assessed the integrated gender issues of family poultry production in developing countries with evidence in Bangladesh. The result draws attention to the widespread acknowledgment of the critical roles of gender in family poultry production system. The results show that women hold the maximum of the ownership (90.58%, p=0.0001) and responsible for the caring of (93.94%, p=0.0001) family poultry in Bangladesh, likewise other developing countries. The result reveals that women control over the decision-making for the selling of eggs and birds in Bangladesh. Women mostly (94.58%) hold the knowledge useful in the prevention and treatment of poultry illness; however, their role was found low (3.46%) in buying medicine and vaccines for poultry as compared to men (96.54%) in Bangladesh. The findings show that women were nearly two times more willing than men to adopt improved rearing technologies related to family poultry production. Both women and men are impacted indifferently by lower adoption of scientific poultry-keeping technologies. Women are independently facing more problems in access to knowledge, training, services, marketing systems, and financial services related to family poultry production. Despite having many limitations, it is clear that family poultry empowers women through asset accumulation and increasing their decision-making ability in the families and the broader community. The study also highlights the necessity of considering an engendered approach in policy and operational level for the family poultry development.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Decision-making in Accessing Reproductive Healthcare Services of Urban Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Md Mahbubur Rahman ◽  
Taniza Tabassum ◽  
Md Shafiqur Rahman ◽  
Abu Noman Mohammed Mosleh Uddin ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
The Family ◽  
Reproductive Healthcare

Introduction:  Women’s healthcare during the reproductive period of life, especially decisions involving her own health is generally one of the least concerns to the common people. Women’s autonomy in decision-making within the family is fairly debatable and determines the health service seeking behaviour. Objective: To find out the perceptions about key persons involved in decision-making for accessing reproductive healthcare services as well as factors that influence those decisions among urban women of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted by key informant interviewing (KII) of 72 respondents about their perceptions of decision-making in women’s reproductive health services in Dhaka South City Corporation during the period of January 2019 to April 2019. Health professionals of various levels, administrators, family heads were selected as key informants by purposive sampling method. An open-ended semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Result: Among the key informants, more than half were doctors (58.3%). The majority of the respondents were female (72%) and having educational qualification up to graduate level (40.3%). Majority of the informants (73.9%) mentioned ‘both parents’ as key persons in under 18 marriage of their daughters; 57.1% of respondents opined that ‘Factors like social environment, social status, uncertainty to find better groom, dowry etc.’ influences in decision-making. All of the respondents felt antenatal care ‘essential’ and about half of them (50.0%) mentioned the importance of complication detection and treatment during pregnancy. According to the respondents, ‘mother-in-law’ is the key person in women’s decision-making regarding antenatal care (65.3%) and ‘husband’ is the key person regarding selection of the place of delivery and postnatal care (79.2%, 72.2%) respectively. Half of the respondents (50%) expressed the family size determination in an urban area is done mutually by ‘both partners’ while the role of the ‘husband’ is still perceived important (41.7%). Majority expressed that economic condition of the family (63.9%) have an influence in determining family size by the respondents. According to more than half of the respondents (52.8%), both partners take part in decision-making regarding family planning. Conclusion: Although the educated employed women enjoy some degree of autonomy in urban areas of Bangladesh, the decision-making in accessing woman’s reproductive healthcare services is directed by the husband. Involvement of both partners in decision-making is essential for better utilization of reproductive health services. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14(1) 2018: 15-20

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