WITHDRAWN: Decoding the role of extracellular vesicles in liver diseases

The role of miR-21 in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases, together with the possibility of detecting microRNA in the circulation, makes miR-21 a potential biomarker for noninvasive detection. In this review, we summarize the potential utility of extracellular miR-21 in the clinical management of hepatic disease patients and compared it with the current clinical practice. MiR-21 shows screening and prognostic value for liver cancer. In liver cirrhosis, miR-21 may serve as a biomarker for the differentiating diagnosis and prognosis. MiR-21 is also a potential biomarker for the severity of hepatitis. We elucidate the disease condition under which miR-21 testing can reach the expected performance. Though miR-21 is a key regulator of liver diseases, microRNAs coordinate with each other in the complex regulatory network. As a result, the performance of miR-21 is better when combined with other microRNAs or classical biomarkers under certain clinical circumstances.

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Role of scavenger receptors in the pathophysiology of chronic liver diseases

Critical Reviews in Immunology ◽

10.1615/critrevimmunol.2013006794 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Carolina Armengol ◽

Ramon Bartoli ◽

Lucia Sanjurjo ◽

Isabel Serra ◽

Nuria Amezaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Diseases ◽

Chronic Liver ◽

Scavenger Receptors ◽

Chronic Liver Diseases

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Effect of Annexins Translocated in Extracellular Vesicles on Tumorigenesis

Current Molecular Medicine ◽

10.2174/1566524020666200825163512 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Qionghui Wu ◽

Haidong Wei ◽

Wenbo Meng ◽

Xiaodong Xie ◽

Zhenchang Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Cells ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Main Role ◽

Tumor Cell Adhesion ◽

Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Calcium Dependent ◽

Tumor Neovascularization

: Annexin, a calcium-dependent phospholipid binding protein, can affect tumor cell adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, as well as tumor neovascularization in different ways. Recent studies have shown that annexin exists not only as an intracellular protein in tumor cells, but also in different ways to be secret outside the cell as a “crosstalk” tool for tumor cells and tumor microenvironment, thus playing an important role in the development of tumors, such as participating in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, regulating immune cell behavior, promoting neovascularization and so on. The mechanism of annexin secretion in the form of extracellular vesicles and its specific role is still unclear. This paper summarizes the main role of annexin secreted into the extracellular space in the form of extracellular vesicles in tumorigenesis and drug resistance and analyzes its possible mechanism.

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Effects of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells on Liver Diseases

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574888x14666190308123714 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 442-452 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wenjie Zheng ◽

Yumin Yang ◽

Russel Clive Sequeira ◽

Colin E. Bishop ◽

Anthony Atala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Stromal Cells ◽

Liver Diseases ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Chronic Liver Injury ◽

Mediated Effects ◽

Therapeutic Benefits

Therapeutic effects of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs) transplantation have been observed in various disease models. However, it is thought that MSCs-mediated effects largely depend on the paracrine manner of secreting cytokines, growth factors, and Extracellular Vesicles (EVs). Similarly, MSCs-derived EVs also showed therapeutic benefits in various liver diseases through alleviating fibrosis, improving regeneration of hepatocytes, and regulating immune activity. This review provides an overview of the MSCs, their EVs, and their therapeutic potential in treating various liver diseases including liver fibrosis, acute and chronic liver injury, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). More specifically, the mechanisms by which MSC-EVs induce therapeutic benefits in liver diseases will be covered. In addition, comparisons between MSCs and their EVs were also evaluated as regenerative medicine against liver diseases. While the mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy must continue to be evaluated and verified, MSCs-derived EVs currently show tremendous potential and promise as a regenerative medicine treatment for liver disease in the future.

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The role of Extracellular Vesicles during CNS development

Progress in Neurobiology ◽

10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102124 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102124

Author(s):

Nasim Bahram Sangani ◽

Gomes. Ana Rita ◽

Leopold M.G. Curfs ◽

Chris P. Reutelingsperger

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Cns Development

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The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Shuttles of RNA and Their Clinical Significance as Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12060902 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 902

Author(s):

Eva Costanzi ◽

Carolina Simioni ◽

Gabriele Varano ◽

Cinzia Brenna ◽

Ilaria Conti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Tumor Metastasis ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Rna Molecules ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

Donor Cells ◽

Relevant Role

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted interest as mediators of intercellular communication following the discovery that EVs contain RNA molecules, including non-coding RNA (ncRNA). Growing evidence for the enrichment of peculiar RNA species in specific EV subtypes has been demonstrated. ncRNAs, transferred from donor cells to recipient cells, confer to EVs the feature to regulate the expression of genes involved in differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and other biological processes. These multiple actions require accuracy in the isolation of RNA content from EVs and the methodologies used play a relevant role. In liver, EVs play a crucial role in regulating cell–cell communications and several pathophysiological events in the heterogeneous liver class of cells via horizontal transfer of their cargo. This review aims to discuss the rising role of EVs and their ncRNAs content in regulating specific aspects of hepatocellular carcinoma development, including tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis. We analyze the progress in EV-ncRNAs’ potential clinical applications as important diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for liver conditions.

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Bone‐Adipose Tissue Crosstalk: Role of Adipose Tissue Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Bone Diseases

Journal of Cellular Physiology ◽

10.1002/jcp.30414 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yan Zhang ◽

Cheng Zhang ◽

Jiasheng Wang ◽

Hao Liu ◽

Muyao Wang

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Bone Diseases

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Extracellular Vesicles Do Not Mediate the Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Mouse-Derived Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cells Secretome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22031375 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 1375

Author(s):

María Carmen Carceller ◽

María Isabel Guillén ◽

María Luisa Gil ◽

María José Alcaraz

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Nuclear Factor Κb ◽

Peritoneal Macrophages ◽

Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Phagocytic Response

Adipose tissue represents an abundant source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for therapeutic purposes. Previous studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory potential of adipose tissue-derived MSC (ASC). Extracellular vesicles (EV) present in the conditioned medium (CM) have been shown to mediate the cytoprotective effects of human ASC secretome. Nevertheless, the role of EV in the anti-inflammatory effects of mouse-derived ASC is not known. The current study has investigated the influence of mouse-derived ASC CM and its fractions on the response of mouse-derived peritoneal macrophages against lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CM and its soluble fraction reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, adenosine triphosphate and nitric oxide in stimulated cells. They also enhanced the migration of neutrophils or monocytes, in the absence or presence of LPS, respectively, which is likely related to the presence of chemokines, and reduced the phagocytic response. The anti-inflammatory effect of CM may be dependent on the regulation of toll-like receptor 4 expression and nuclear factor-κB activation. Our results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effects of mouse-derived ASC secretome in mouse-derived peritoneal macrophages stimulated with LPS and show that they are not mediated by EV.

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