Effects of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells on Liver Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Zheng ◽  
Yumin Yang ◽  
Russel Clive Sequeira ◽  
Colin E. Bishop ◽  
Anthony Atala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Chronic Liver Injury ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits

Therapeutic effects of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs) transplantation have been observed in various disease models. However, it is thought that MSCs-mediated effects largely depend on the paracrine manner of secreting cytokines, growth factors, and Extracellular Vesicles (EVs). Similarly, MSCs-derived EVs also showed therapeutic benefits in various liver diseases through alleviating fibrosis, improving regeneration of hepatocytes, and regulating immune activity. This review provides an overview of the MSCs, their EVs, and their therapeutic potential in treating various liver diseases including liver fibrosis, acute and chronic liver injury, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). More specifically, the mechanisms by which MSC-EVs induce therapeutic benefits in liver diseases will be covered. In addition, comparisons between MSCs and their EVs were also evaluated as regenerative medicine against liver diseases. While the mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy must continue to be evaluated and verified, MSCs-derived EVs currently show tremendous potential and promise as a regenerative medicine treatment for liver disease in the future.

scholarly journals Small extracellular vesicles from menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs) as a novel therapeutic impetus in regenerative medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Chen ◽  
Jingjing Qu ◽  
Quanhui Mei ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Yangxin Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Menstrual Blood ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

AbstractMenstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs) have great potential in regenerative medicine. MenSC has received increasing attention owing to its impressive therapeutic effects in both preclinical and clinical trials. However, the study of MenSC-derived small extracellular vesicles (EVs) is still in its initial stages, in contrast to some common MSC sources (e.g., bone marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose tissue). We describe the basic characteristics and biological functions of MenSC-derived small EVs. We also demonstrate the therapeutic potential of small EVs in fulminant hepatic failure, myocardial infarction, pulmonary fibrosis, prostate cancer, cutaneous wound, type-1 diabetes mellitus, aged fertility, and potential diseases. Subsequently, novel hotspots with respect to MenSC EV-based therapy are proposed to overcome current challenges. While complexities regarding the therapeutic potential of MenSC EVs continue to be unraveled, advances are rapidly emerging in both basic science and clinical medicine. MenSC EV-based treatment has great potential for treating a series of diseases as a novel therapeutic strategy in regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Therapeutic Potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ashley G. Zhao ◽  
Kiran Shah ◽  
Brett Cromer ◽  
Huseyin Sumer
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Multipotent Cells ◽  
Membrane Bound

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-bound nanoparticles, which act as shuttles, delivering a range of biomolecules to diverse target cells. They play an important role in maintenance of biophysiological homeostasis and cellular, physiological, and pathological processes. EVs have significant diagnostic and therapeutic potentials and have been studied both in vitro and in vivo in many fields. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with many therapeutic applications and have also gained much attention as prolific producers of EVs. MSC-derived EVs are being explored as a therapeutic alternative to MSCs since they may have similar therapeutic effects but are cell-free. They have applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering and, most importantly, confer several advantages over cells such as lower immunogenicity, capacity to cross biological barriers, and less safety concerns. In this review, we introduce the biogenesis of EVs, including exosomes and microvesicles. We then turn more specifically to investigations of MSC-derived EVs. We highlight the great therapeutic potential of MSC-derived EVs and applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for the Treatment of Inflammation-Related Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3023
Author(s):  
Sean T. Ryan ◽  
Elham Hosseini-Beheshti ◽  
Dinara Afrose ◽  
Xianting Ding ◽  
Binbin Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Over the past two decades, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have demonstrated great potential in the treatment of inflammation-related conditions. Numerous early stage clinical trials have suggested that this treatment strategy has potential to lead to significant improvements in clinical outcomes. While promising, there remain substantial regulatory hurdles, safety concerns, and logistical issues that need to be addressed before cell-based treatments can have widespread clinical impact. These drawbacks, along with research aimed at elucidating the mechanisms by which MSCs exert their therapeutic effects, have inspired the development of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents. The use of MSC-derived EVs for treating inflammation-related conditions has shown therapeutic potential in both in vitro and small animal studies. This review will explore the current research landscape pertaining to the use of MSC-derived EVs as anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative agents in a range of inflammation-related conditions: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular disease, and preeclampsia. Along with this, the mechanisms by which MSC-derived EVs exert their beneficial effects on the damaged or degenerative tissues will be reviewed, giving insight into their therapeutic potential. Challenges and future perspectives on the use of MSC-derived EVs for the treatment of inflammation-related conditions will be discussed.

scholarly journals The Therapeutic Potential of Breast Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Galley ◽  
Gail E. Besner
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Parent Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Health And Disease

In the past few decades, interest in the therapeutic benefits of exosomes and extracellular vesicles (EVs) has grown exponentially. Exosomes/EVs are small particles which are produced and exocytosed by cells throughout the body. They are loaded with active regulatory and stimulatory molecules from the parent cell including miRNAs and enzymes, making them prime targets in therapeutics and diagnostics. Breast milk, known for years to have beneficial health effects, contains a population of EVs which may mediate its therapeutic effects. This review offers an update on the therapeutic potential of exosomes/EVs in disease, with a focus on EVs present in human breast milk and their remedial effect in the gastrointestinal disease necrotizing enterocolitis. Additionally, the relationship between EV miRNAs, health, and disease will be examined, along with the potential for EVs and their miRNAs to be engineered for targeted treatments.

From mesenchymal stem cells and stromal cells - from bench to bedside

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Bernd Giebel ◽  
Verena Börger ◽  
Mario Gimona ◽  
Eva Rohde
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cell Replacement ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Promising Tool

Human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) represent a promising tool in regenerative medicine. Until now, almost one thousand NIH-registered clinical trials investigated their immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative therapeutic potential in various diseases. Despite controversial reports regarding the efficacy of MSC-treatments, MSCs appear to exert their beneficial effects in a paracrine manner rather than by cell replacement. In this context, extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes and microvesicles, seem to induce the MSCs’ therapeutic effects. Here, we briefly illustrate the potential of MSC-EVs as therapeutic agent of the future.

The extracellular vesicles-derived from mesenchymal stromal cells: A new therapeutic option in regenerative medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (10) ◽  
pp. 8048-8073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vajihe Taghdiri Nooshabadi ◽  
Soura Mardpour ◽  
Aliakbar Yousefi-Ahmadipour ◽  
Amir Allahverdi ◽  
Mehrnaz Izadpanah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Option

scholarly journals Overview of Salvia miltiorrhiza as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Various Diseases: An Update on Efficacy and Mechanisms of Action

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 857
Author(s):  
Inyong Jung ◽  
Hyerin Kim ◽  
Seongcheol Moon ◽  
Hyuk Lee ◽  
Bonglee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge ◽  
Pubmed Central ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (S. miltiorrhiza) is a medicinal herb that has been used for the treatment for various diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in East Asia including Korea. Considering its extensive usage as a therapeutic agent for multiple diseases, there is a need to review previous research regarding its therapeutic benefits and their mechanisms. Therefore, we searched PubMed and PubMed Central for articles reporting its therapeutic effects on certain disease groups including cancers, cardiovascular, liver, and nervous system diseases. This review provides an overview of therapeutic benefits and targets of S. miltiorrhiza, including inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The findings on multi-functional properties of S. miltiorrhiza discussed in this article support the efficacy of S. miltiorrhiza extract on various diseases, but also call for further research on the multiple mechanisms that mediate its therapeutic effects.

scholarly journals Extracellular vesicles in diagnosis and therapy of kidney diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (5) ◽  
pp. F844-F851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xiangjun Zhou ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Qisheng Yao ◽  
Yutao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Glomerular Diseases ◽  
The Cross

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are endogenously produced, membrane-bound vesicles that contain various molecules. Depending on their size and origins, EVs are classified into apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes. A fundamental function of EVs is to mediate intercellular communication. In kidneys, recent research has begun to suggest a role of EVs, especially exosomes, in cell-cell communication by transferring proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs to recipient cells as nanovectors. EVs may mediate the cross talk between various cell types within kidneys for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. They may also mediate the cross talk between kidneys and other organs under physiological and pathological conditions. EVs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney diseases, including renal fibrosis, end-stage renal disease, glomerular diseases, and diabetic nephropathy. The release of EVs with specific molecular contents into urine and plasma may be useful biomarkers for kidney disease. In addition, EVs produced by cultured cells may have therapeutic effects for these diseases. However, the role of EVs in kidney diseases is largely unclear, and the mechanism underlying EV production and secretion remains elusive. In this review, we introduce the basics of EVs and then analyze the present information about the involvement, diagnostic value, and therapeutic potential of EVs in major kidney diseases.

scholarly journals Therapeutic effects of adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and their extracellular vesicles in experimental silicosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elga Bandeira ◽  
Helena Oliveira ◽  
Johnatas D. Silva ◽  
Rubem F. S. Menna-Barreto ◽  
Christina M. Takyia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Experimental Silicosis

scholarly journals Phototherapy in Psoriasis: A Review of Mechanisms of Action

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tami Wong ◽  
Leon Hsu ◽  
Wilson Liao
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Cytokine Profile ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cutaneous Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Medline Database ◽  
Efficacious Treatment ◽  
Induction Of Apoptosis

Background:Phototherapy is one of the most efficacious treatment options for psoriasis. New, emerging studies are beginning to define the biologic mechanisms by which phototherapy improves psoriasis.Methods:To provide an overview of the mechanisms thought to be responsible for the therapeutic effects of phototherapy, a review was performed on all relevant published studies in the Medline database from January 1, 1985, to August 15, 2011.Findings:Four categories of action were proposed in the literature to describe the effects of phototherapy in psoriasis: (1) alteration of the cytokine profile, (2) induction of apoptosis, (3) promotion of immunosuppression, and (4) all other mechanisms.Conclusions:Phototherapy acts through a combination of pathways to confer therapeutic benefits in psoriasis, and these different modalities may help explain its particular usefulness in treating this cutaneous disease.

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