scholarly journals From classical to nonparametric growth models: Towards comprehensive modelling of mussel growth patterns

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Fuentes-Santos ◽  
Uxío Labarta ◽  
Kristina Arranz ◽  
Mª José Fernández-Reiriz
Keyword(s):  
Growth Models ◽  
Growth Patterns

scholarly journals Modelling growth curves of the normal infant’s mandible: 3D measurements using computed tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Aart M. Schipper ◽  
Manouk J. S. van Lieshout ◽  
Stefan Böhringer ◽  
Bonnie L. Padwa ◽  
Simon G. F. Robben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Mandibular Ramus ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Mandibular Growth ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Mandibular Body

Abstract Objectives Data on normal mandibular development in the infant is lacking though essential to understand normal growth patterns and to discriminate abnormal growth. The aim of this study was to provide normal linear measurements of the mandible using computed tomography performed in infants from 0 to 2 years of age. Material and methods 3D voxel software was used to calculate mandibular body length, mandibular ramus length, bicondylar width, bigonial width and the gonial angle. Intra- and inter-rater reliability was assessed for these measurements. They were found to be sufficient for all distances; intra-class correlation coefficients were all above 0.9. Regression analysis for growth modelling was performed. Results In this multi-centre retrospective study, 109 CT scans were found eligible that were performed for various reasons (e.g. trauma, craniosynostosis, craniofacial abscesses). Craniosynostosis patients had larger mandibular measurements compared to non-craniosynostosis patients and were therefore excluded. Fifty-one CT scans were analysed. Conclusions Analysis showed that the mandible increases more in size vertically (the mandibular ramus) than horizontally (the mandibular body). Most of the mandibular growth occurs in the first 6 months. Clinical relevance These growth models provide insight into normal mandibular development in the first 2 years of life. This reference data facilitates discrimination between normal and abnormal mandibular growth.

Growth of Grey Kangaroos and the Reliablility of Age Determination from Body Measurements III. Interspecific Comparisions between Eastern and Western Grey Kangaroos, Macropus giganteus and M. fuliginosus

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
WE Poole ◽  
SM Carpenter ◽  
JT Wood
Keyword(s):  
Growth Models ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
The Common ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Body Parameters

Seven body measurements were taken at regular intervals throughout life from both male and female eastern and western grey kangaroos. Evaluation of the reliability of criteria for determination of age and some aspects of the growth models for the two species were presented in earlier papers in this series. In this paper the common patterns and relationships between species in the growth characteristics of their body parameters are described and analysed. Comparison is made between species and sexes of rates of growth and size attained both within the pouch and following vacation of the pouch. Head, arm, leg and foot length were important discriminators, particularly when contrasted in various ways to summarize different body proportions. The insular form M.f. fuliginosus readily separated from the mainland forms, and M.f. ocydromus showed some differences which were related to its longer pouch life. Hybrid animals showed growth patterns intermediate to those of their parents. Sexual dimorphism in patterns ofgrowth was not detected during pouch life but was exhibited by all species after the young vacated the pouch and grew towards their full adult size.

Mechanical Neural Growth Models

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen B. Allen ◽  
Bradley E. Layton
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Polar Structure ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Neural Growth ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Β Tubulin

Critical to being able to control the growth patterns of cell-based sensors is being able to understand how the cytoskeleton of the cell maintains its structure and integrity both under mechanical load and in a load-free environment. Our approach to a better understanding of cell growth is to use a computer simulation that incorporates the primary structures, microtubules, necessary for growth along with their observed behaviors and experimentally determined mechanical properties. Microtubules are the main compressive structural support elements for the axon of a neuron and are created via polymerization of α-β tubulin dimers. Our de novo simulation explores the mechanics of the forces between microtubules and the membrane. We hypothesize that axonal growth is most influenced by the location and direction of the force exerted by the microtubule on the membrane, and furthermore that the interplay of forces between microtubules and the inner surface of the cell membrane dictates the polar structure of axons. The simulation will be used to understand cytoskeletal mechanics for the purpose of engineering cells to be used as sensors.

Comparative Cephalometric Study of Nasal Cavity Growth Patterns in Seven Animal Models

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Losken ◽  
Mark P. Mooney ◽  
Michael I. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Cavity Growth ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Somatic Development

Although primates have been the craniofacial growth models of choice, recent circumstances have stimulated the search for nonprimate models. In a series of studies we have described changes in various regions of the craniofacial complex for seven commonly used animal models. The present study examined the bony nasal cavity. One hundred and forty-four serial and cross-sectional lateral head x-rays were obtained for unoperated controls from previous growth studies. The sample consisted of data from 26 rats, 21 rabbits, 21 domestic cats, 23 domestic dogs, 17 baboons, 16 rhesus monkeys, and 20 chimpanzees. Comparative human data was taken from the Bolton Standards. The samples were divided into three age categories based on dental and somatic development. Midsagittal nasal cavity measurements included length, height, shape index, and area. Analysis was based on the percent increase in measures from the Infant condition. Three major shapes were discerned at adulthood (1) vertical quadrangles (humans and cats); (2) triangles (chimpanzees, rhesus monkeys, and baboons), and (3) horizontal quadrangles (rabbits, rats, and dogs). Results showed that overall shape was best modeled by the chimpanzee and, as a nonprimate model, the laboratory cat. Rabbits and rats also showed similar percent changes for length or height dimensions at different ages, suggesting that these animals may be acceptable, inexpensive alternatives to primates in some experimental situations.

Age and growth estimates of the jumbo flying squid (Dosidicus gigas) off Peru

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Carlos Goicochea-Vigo ◽  
Enrique Morales-Bojórquez ◽  
Viridiana Y. Zepeda-Benitez ◽  
José Ángel Hidalgo-de-la-Toba ◽  
Hugo Aguirre-Villaseñor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Dosidicus Gigas ◽  
Asymptotic Growth ◽  
Schnute Model ◽  
Gompertz Growth Model

Mantle length (ML) and age data were analyzed to describe the growth patterns of the flying jumbo squid, Dosidicus gigas, in Peruvian waters. Six non-asymptotic growth models and four asymptotic growth models were fitted. Length-at-age data for males and females were analysed separately to assess the growth pattern. Multi-model inference and Akaike's information criterion were used to identify the best fitting model. For females, the best candidate growth model was the Schnute model with L∞ = 106.96 cm ML (CI 101.23–110.27 cm ML, P < 0.05), age at growth inflection 244.71 days (CI 232.82–284.86 days, P < 0.05), and length at growth inflection 57.26 cm ML (CI 55.42–58.51 cm ML, P < 0.05). The growth pattern in males was best described by a Gompertz growth model with L∞ = 127.58 cm ML (CI 115.27–131.80 cm ML, P < 0.05), t0 = 21.8 (CI 20.06–22.41, P < 0.05), and k = 0.007 (CI 0.006–0.007, P < 0.05). These results contrast with the growth model previously reported for D. gigas in the region, where the growth pattern was identified as non-asymptotic.

The Co-development of Reading and Attention from Middle Childhood to Early Adolescence: A Multivariate Latent Growth Curve Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally A. Larsen ◽  
Callie Little ◽  
William Coventry
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
School Students ◽  
Latent Growth Models

Attention skills are a strong predictor of reading comprehension from childhood through to adolescence. However, less is known about the developmental relations between these two domains across this period. This study examined the co-development of reading and attention in a community sample of 614 Australian school students. Reading and attention were assessed biennially at ages 8, 10, 12 and 14. Results of univariate latent growth models demonstrated, on average, curvilinear trajectories for reading in which rapid growth across younger age spans decelerates as children reach adolescence. By contrast, attention behaviors followed a gradually increasing linear trajectory with significant inter-individual variation in development. Significant negative correlations were observed between the intercept and slope factors in both reading (r=-.62) and attention models (r=-.39) suggesting compensatory growth patterns in which poorer performing students in both domains at age 8 have steeper trajectories than their higher performing peers. Multivariate latent growth models examined the interrelatedness of reading and attention, controlling for gender and socioeconomic status. Reading comprehension and attention were positively correlated a) at the intercept (r=.54) indicating an association between better attention and higher reading achievement at age 8; and b) in the slope, such that reading growth was positively correlated with increasing attentive behaviors over time (r=.38). Evidence for the co-development of reading and attention provides support for the multiple deficit model theory, and suggests that developing attention capability could be one focus of attempts to improve reading attainment in early adolescence.

scholarly journals Resting heart rate and the development of antisocial behavior from age 9 to 14: Genetic and environmental influences

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Baker ◽  
Catherine Tuvblad ◽  
Chandra Reynolds ◽  
Mo Zheng ◽  
Dora Isabel Lozano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Externalizing Behavior Problems ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Parent Ratings ◽  
Resting Heart Rate

AbstractThe genetic and environmental basis of a well-replicated association between antisocial behavior (ASB) and resting heart rate was investigated in a longitudinal twin study, based on two measurements between the ages of 9 and 14 years. ASB was defined as a broad continuum of externalizing behavior problems, assessed at each occasion through a composite measure based on parent ratings of trait aggression, delinquent behaviors, and psychopathic traits in their children. Parent ratings of ASB significantly decreased across age from childhood to early adolescence, although latent growth models indicated significant variation and twin similarity in the growth patterns, which were explained almost entirely by genetic influences. Resting heart rate at age 9–10 years old was inversely related to levels of ASB but not change patterns of ASB across age or occasions. Biometrical analyses indicated significant genetic influences on heart rate during childhood, as well as ASB throughout development from age 9 to 14. Both level and slope variation were significantly influenced by genetic factors. Of importance, the low resting heart rate and ASB association was significantly and entirely explained by their genetic covariation, although the heritable component of heart rate explained only a small portion (1–4%) of the substantial genetic variance in ASB. Although the effect size is small, children with low resting heart rate appear to be genetically predisposed toward externalizing behavior problems as early as age 9 years old.

Location Choice and Urban Growth in a Rent-Seeking Society

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce L. Benson ◽  
M. D. Faminow
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Location Theory ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Growth Theory ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Urban Growth Model

Gordon Tullock suggested that as rent-seeking becomes increasingly important, location choices and urban growth patterns will be affected. Resources should be diverted to cities where government units are most able to grant rents. The implications of this argument are expanded upon using principles of location theory and location-specific growth theory. An empirical test of an urban growth model provides support for Tullock's contentions. By considering rent seeking in the context of location and urban growth models, the implications of the rent-seeking paradigm are extended. Simultaneously, a more complete understanding of relative urban growth rates is gained.

Do Firm Growth Models Work in Service Industries in Developing Economies? An Investigation of the Relationship Between Firms’ Growth, Size and Age

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010792198991
Author(s):  
Boby Chaitanya Villari ◽  
Balaji Subramanian ◽  
Piyush Kumar ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Hota
Keyword(s):  
Firm Growth ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Gibrat’S Law ◽  
Gibrat's Law ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
The Relationship

Growth models such as Gibrat’s law and Jovanovic’s theory that examine the relationship between the firms’ growth, age and size have either been tested on data from developed economies or from the manufacturing sectors in developing economies. This study checks the suitability of these models in service sectors in developing economies as service sectors have distinct characteristics and developing economies such as India are heavily dependent on this sector. The current study considers three major service sectors contributing to India’s economy vis-à-vis financial services, information technology and real estate for the period 2002–2005. We observed that during 2002–2005, India’s economy was stable without wide fluctuations in economic performance, such as gross domestic product, unemployment or inflation. These sectors not only had a significant impact on economic growth but also had comprehensive microeconomic data. Our results negate both Gibrat’s law and Jovanovic’s theory. We argue that service sectors which are knowledge-intensive will experience different growth patterns compared to manufacturing sectors. We find a definite and significant relationship between firms’ growth and their size and age. Also, we find concluding evidence that younger firms up to 10 years of age struggle a lot more than older firms in the Indian service sector. JEL: D20, D21, D22, D02

scholarly journals Income Tax Aspects of Liquidation in Multiperiod Linear Growth Models

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald W. Reid ◽  
Wesley N. Musser ◽  
Neil R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Programming Framework ◽  
On Farm

Since the mid-1960s, agricultural economists have given much attention to research on farm-firm growth. One procedure used in this type of research has been multiperiod linear programming models, e.g. [1, 6, 9, 11, 14, 17]. Several researchers using the multiperiod linear programming framework have compared optimizing criteria. Generally, comparisons were made between maximizing some type of present value criterion and maximizing net worth at the end of the planning horizon. The different assumptions associated with the two maximizing criteria have resulted in different optimal growth patterns.

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