Growth of Grey Kangaroos and the Reliablility of Age Determination from Body Measurements III. Interspecific Comparisions between Eastern and Western Grey Kangaroos, Macropus giganteus and M. fuliginosus

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
WE Poole ◽  
SM Carpenter ◽  
JT Wood
Keyword(s):  
Growth Models ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
The Common ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Body Parameters

Seven body measurements were taken at regular intervals throughout life from both male and female eastern and western grey kangaroos. Evaluation of the reliability of criteria for determination of age and some aspects of the growth models for the two species were presented in earlier papers in this series. In this paper the common patterns and relationships between species in the growth characteristics of their body parameters are described and analysed. Comparison is made between species and sexes of rates of growth and size attained both within the pouch and following vacation of the pouch. Head, arm, leg and foot length were important discriminators, particularly when contrasted in various ways to summarize different body proportions. The insular form M.f. fuliginosus readily separated from the mainland forms, and M.f. ocydromus showed some differences which were related to its longer pouch life. Hybrid animals showed growth patterns intermediate to those of their parents. Sexual dimorphism in patterns ofgrowth was not detected during pouch life but was exhibited by all species after the young vacated the pouch and grew towards their full adult size.

Annual growth patterns in the inner shell layer of Mytilus edulis L.

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Age Determination ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Surface Shell ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Logical Research

INTRODUCTIONMolluscan age determination has long been the subject of both biological and paleonto-logical research (Mossop, 1922 a, b; Haskin, 1954; Merrill, Posgay & Nichy, 1965; Andrews, 1972). Several workers have listed difficulties associated with traditional methods of determining the age of an organism based upon surface shell morphology (Pannella & MacClintock, 1968; Farrow, 1971, 1972; Berry, 1971). Others, such as Craig & Hallum (1963) have attempted, with moderate success, to circumvent these problems statistically by using size-frequency relationships, but such methods are of little value in age analysis of isolated individuals. The principal difficulty encountered in shell surface analyses arises from an inability to distinguish spawning and disturbance lines from annual marks. Problems associated with this separation have been reduced over the past decade by the discovery of daily and tidal periodicity structures within the shells of numerous Recent and fossil species of pelecypods (Barker, 1964,1970; Pannella & MacClintock, 1968; Clark, 1968; House & Farrow, 1968; Farrow, 1971, 1972). The biological and paleontological significance of such growth increments have been discussed at length by Pannella & MacClintock (1968), Barker (1970), and Clark (1974). When present in continuous sequences, these periodicity structures facilitate an accurate age determination of individual specimens.

Age Determination in the Dingo and Crossbreeds.

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Catling ◽  
LK Corbett ◽  
M Westcott
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Eye Lens ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Regular Body

Growth curves were derived for captive known-age dingoes, Canis familiaris dingo, and their crosses with similarly sized domestic dogs, C. f. familiaris. Regular body measurements including weight and dried eye-lens weights were used. Age calibration curves and confidence limits were then produced to enable age estimation of animals of unknown birth date. Head length was the better predictor of age up to about 120 days, and eye-lens weight to about 500 days. The only difference in growth patterns in dingoes and crossbreeds from central and southern Australia was between sexes.

Growth and sexual size dimorphism in Alberta populations of the eastern short-horned lizard, Phrynosoma douglassi brevirostre

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lawrence Powell ◽  
Anthony P. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Sexual Size Dimorphism ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Size Dimorphism

Alberta populations of Phrynosoma douglassi brevirostre display marked sexual size dimorphism, adult females being considerably larger than adult males. Discriminant analyses of whole mensural characters and of scaled mensural characters indicate that this dimorphism is present from birth, although it is more strongly expressed after sexual maturity. Recapture data were used to generate modified logistic by weight growth models for snout–vent length (SVL), and allometric models for each sex were generated for growth in tail length, head length, and head width. The SVL growth model for females indicates delayed maturity leading to greater adult size, an expected feature of a female viviparine. The SVL growth model for males indicates that growth ceases sooner than in females, resulting in a smaller adult size. This is possibly a result of male dispersal competition, an hypothesis further borne out by the results of a preliminary analysis of mobility in the two sexes, and may also be influenced by intersexual dietary competition. Differences in head dimensions between the sexes are a function of the differences in SVL at adulthood, but there is a significant sexual difference in the allometric relationship of tail length to SVL. No difference in the growth patterns and adult size of either sex was found to exist over the range in Alberta.

Age Determination of Male Bufo bufo (Amphibia, Anura) from the Netherlands, based on Year Rings in Phalanges

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes S. M. Hemelaar
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Bufo Bufo ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Common ◽  
One Year ◽  
Toad Bufo ◽  
Toad Bufo Bufo

AbstractBased on both the pattern of year rings in a particular phalanx of adult male specimens of the common toad Bufo bufo and the thickness of this bone in first-year toads, the rate of resorption of year rings in each toad could be assessed. It appeared that this rate of resorption is small. Therefore the age of male specimens of Bufo bufo from the Netherlands can be determined for about 92% by counting the number of year rings in hematoxylin-stained cross-sections of this particular phalanx. This percentage can be raised to 93-98% by considering the year rings resorbed. The age of the remaining toads may be underestimated by not more than one year.

Growth of single proglottides during early adult development of Hymenolepis nana

Parasitology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
H. Kumazawa ◽  
I. Fairweather
Keyword(s):  
Adult Development ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Time Axis ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
The Common ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Parallel Growth

SUMMARYThe growth of individual proglottides of Hymenolepis nana has been studied by measuring the width and length of the proglottides between days 3 and 8 post-infection in mice. Two sets of measurements were obtained. The first involved proglottides immediately posterior to the point of proglottis formation and proglottides at particular stages of development. For the second set, measurements were made of proglottides at certain positions in the worm, specifically the 20th, 100th and 200th proglottides, as counted from the posterior end of the worm. For proglottides at different stages in development, the width of a particular stage was greater in the later days of infection, while the length was almost constant. The length of newly-formed proglottides varied only slightly with time despite differences in the width and in the 3-fold increase in proglottis production that occurs between days 3 and 8 post-infection. The width of the 20th, 100th and 200th proglottides followed parallel growth curves that coincided with each other after an appropriate shift along the time axis. The more anterior the position of the proglottis, the greater was the width at the time of proglottis formation, and so its growth began later on the common growth curve. Growth in length of the 20th proglottis was at first faster than the 100th and 200th proglottides, but later slowed down to a level comparable with them, and the growth curves for the length of the three proglottides were very similar to each other. The rates of growth in the volume of the three proglottides were also estimated. The results are also discussed in relation to other approaches to the study of tapeworm growth and to factors that may be responsible for the growth patterns observed.

Growth of Grey Kangaroos and the Reliability of Age Determination from Body Measurements II.* The Western Grey Kangaroos, Macropus fuliginosus fuliginosus, M. f. melanops and M. f. ocydromus

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
WE Poole ◽  
SM Carpenter ◽  
JT Wood
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curve ◽  
Young Animal ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
First Year ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Pass Through

Seven body measurements were taken at regular intervals throughout life from both male and female western grey kangaroos of known birth date. For each sex of three subspecies and for each body measurement a growth curve was fitted, and confidence intervals calculated for determining the age of new animals. As with eastern grey kangaroos, a phase change in the growth curve was apparent at the time when the young vacate the pouch. Join points in the curve for each subspecies of western grey kangaroos were estimated empirically, as three-quarters through the interval between first emergence and final vacation of the pouch by a young animal. The growth curves were represented by a four-parameter non-linear model consisting of two hyperbolas constrained to pass through the common point. Tables presented contrast the ages at which percentile growth values are attained for each subspecies, and also provide examples of the determination of age from body measurements for both males and females, at monthly intervals during their first year. As found for the eastern grey kangaroo, head length proved to be the most reliable criterion, and all measurements of animals older than 2 years were unreliable for age determination.

scholarly journals Bomb dating and age determination of skates (family Rajidae) off the eastern coast of Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 546-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romney P. McPhie ◽  
Steven E. Campana
Keyword(s):  
Growth Models ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Vertebral Centra ◽  
A Value ◽  
Bomb Radiocarbon ◽  
Absolute Age ◽  
Two Parameter

Abstract McPhie, R. P., and Campana, S. E. 2009. Bomb dating and age determination of skates (family Rajidae) off the eastern coast of Canada. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 546–560. Recent declines in abundance of skates off the eastern coast of Canada have heightened the need for validated age and growth estimates in the region. In all, 502 winter (Leucoraja ocellata), little (Leucoraja erinacea), thorny (Amblyraja radiata), and smooth (Malacoraja senta) skate vertebral centra collected seasonally between 1999 and 2004 were sectioned using a mass processing method, then used to reconstruct growth in each species. Bomb radiocarbon (Δ14C) analysis was used to provide evidence of annual band-pair deposition in thorny skates. Estimates of L∞ from traditional von Bertalanffy growth models (VBGM) ranged from 60.6 cm (little skate) to 89.7 cm (thorny skate), and K estimates from 0.07 (thorny skate) to 0.19 (little skate). A modified two-parameter VBGM (Lmax = 94.1 cm) fitted to winter skate length-at-age data yielded a value of K of 0.15. Maximum observed ages ranged from 12 (little skate) to 19 years in both winter and thorny skates. The year-specific incorporation of Δ14C milled from thorny and winter skate vertebral sections closely resembled shark-derived reference chronology values from the Northwest Atlantic. Pre-bomb Δ14C in a thorny skate collected in 1988 and aged at 23 years appeared to validate age interpretations and suggested that thorny skate reach an absolute age of at least 28 years, the oldest validated age reported for any species of batoid.

Comparability of Gestational Age Values Derived from Diaphyseal Length and Foot Length from Known Forensic Foetal Remains

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angie Kay Huxley
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Human Male ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
University Of Arizona ◽  
Length Measurements ◽  
Forensic Case ◽  
General Correspondence ◽  
The University

A partially macerated human male foetus was submitted to the Human Identification Laboratory at The University of Arizona for the purpose of gestational age determination. This paper compares radiographic diaphyseal length of most long bones to foot length as measured from the forensic case submitted for analysis. The methods included radiography of complete antebrachial and crural segments and foot length measurements. As calculated from ulnar, radial, tibial and fibular diaphyseal length, gestational age was estimated to be between 25 and 28 lunar weeks (between 22 and 25 gestational weeks), while age determined from foot length was between late 23 and early 26 gestational weeks. These results highlight a general correspondence in age estimation between these two techniques. Case history obtained after this analysis confirmed an age of 23 weeks and 6 days based on ultrasonographic criteria. The correspondence between these techniques is significant, since either technique yields approximately the same gestational age. Accuracy of gestational age determination is essential to assess foetal viability. While national laws vary regarding foetal remains, courses of appropriate medicolegal action are contingent upon the determination of foetal viability.

On the size determination of bumble bee castes (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1133-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Plowright ◽  
S. C. Jay
Keyword(s):  
Larval Instar ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Silk Production ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Intermediate Size ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Lower Limits ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Female larvae of Bombus rufocinctus Cresson, a 'pollen-storing' species showing well-marked intercaste size dimorphism, were hand reared on a diet of pollen, honey, and water from the penultimate larval instar until adulthood. Bees of any desired size, between upper and lower limits, were obtained simply by starving larvae at appropriate points during the last instar. Larvae were able to produce silk soon after ecdysis into the last instar, but fully developed capacity to spin was not attained until about 165 mg. After this point, the rate of spinning was found to depend inversely upon the frequency with which larvae were fed. Growth during the last instar, under a variety of periodic ad libitum feeding regimes, was approximately logistic. These results suggest a simple biophysical explanation to account for the determination of caste-specific body size in Bombus; adult size is the outcome of differential rates of growth and silk production which are, in turn, dependent upon the ambient rate at which larvae are fed by the adult workers. Given appropriate parameter values, this model can satisfactorily explain the suppression of individuals of intermediate size. Preliminary experiments to test the hypothesis are described, and its evolutionary implications are discussed.

Analysis of Fibronectin and TGF-β1 Immunoexpression to Determination of Wound Vitality in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nita Novita ◽  
Hasrayati Agustina ◽  
Bethy S. Hernowo ◽  
Abdul H. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Wound Age ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Tgf Β1

Wound examination is indispensable in forensic practice. The scientific field of wound age determination has advanced progressively during recent years.The purpose of this study was to determine the differences of fibronectin and TGF-β1 expression in both antemortem and postmortem wounds. This study was an experimental with completely randomized design.  The skin wounds (vital and postmortem) were taken from fourty Wistar rats and divided into 10 groups of rats. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the differences between antemortem and postmortem wounds. The result showed that in 30 minutes after antemortem wound infliction, all of samples showed weak reactivity for fibronectin and TGF-β1 (100%).  In first hour after wound infliction, 3 samples (75%) showed weakly positive and 1 sample (25%) strongly positive for fibronectin and TGF-β1.  In 2 hour after wound infliction, 1 sample (25%) showed weakly positive and 3 sample (75%) strongly positive for fibronectin and TGF-β1.  In 3 and 4 hour after wound infliction, all of samples strongly positive for fibronectin and TGF-β1.  In postmortem wound, all of samples showed negativity for fibronectin and TGF-β1. In conclusion, fibronectin and TGF-β1 may be useful in the determination of wound vitality. Keywords: wound, fibronectin, TGF-β1, vitality

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