scholarly journals Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic on common childhood respiratory viruses – A epidemiological study based on hospital data

2021 ◽  
pp. 104911
Author(s):  
Qing Ye ◽  
Huihui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

scholarly journals A molecular epidemiological study of respiratory viruses detected in Japanese children with acute wheezing illness

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asako Fujitsuka ◽  
Hiroyuki Tsukagoshi ◽  
Mika Arakawa ◽  
Kazuko Goto-Sugai ◽  
Akihide Ryo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Molecular Epidemiological Study

scholarly journals Epidemiological study of people living in rural North Carolina for novel respiratory viruses

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. e265-e269 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Wang ◽  
B. D. Anderson ◽  
L. A. Pulscher ◽  
E. S. Bailey ◽  
M. Yondon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Respiratory Viruses

scholarly journals Off-season RSV epidemics in Australia after easing of COVID-19 restrictions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John-Sebastian Eden ◽  
Chisha Sikazwe ◽  
Ruopeng Xie ◽  
Yi-Mo Deng ◽  
Sheena G Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Australian Capital Territory ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of acute respiratory infection (ARI) with the most severe disease in the young and elderly. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and travel restrictions for controlling COVID-19 have impacted the circulation of most respiratory viruses including RSV globally, particularly in Australia, where during 2020 the normal winter epidemics were notably absent. However, in late 2020, unprecedented widespread RSV outbreaks occurred, beginning in spring, and extending into summer across two widely separated states of Australia, Western Australia (WA) and New South Wales (NSW) including the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). Genome sequencing revealed a significant reduction in RSV genetic diversity following COVID-19 emergence except for two genetically distinct RSV-A clades. These clades circulated cryptically, likely localized for several months prior to an epidemic surge in cases upon relaxation of COVID-19 control measures. The NSW/ACT clade subsequently spread to the neighbouring state of Victoria (VIC) and caused extensive outbreaks and hospitalisations in early 2021. These findings highlight the need for continued surveillance and sequencing of RSV and other respiratory viruses during and after the COVID-19 pandemic as mitigation measures introduced may result in unusual seasonality, along with larger or more severe outbreaks in the future.

scholarly journals Highlighting the impact of social relationships on the propagation of respiratory viruses using percolation theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Mathiot ◽  
Laurent Gerbaud ◽  
Vincent Breton
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Percolation Model ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Epidemic Wave ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

AbstractWe develop a site-bond percolation model, called PERCOVID, in order to describe the time evolution of all epidemics propagating through respiratory tract or by skin contacts in human populations. This model is based on a network of social relationships representing interconnected households experiencing governmental non-pharmaceutical interventions. As a very first testing ground, we apply our model to the understanding of the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in France from December 2019 up to December 2021. Our model shows the impact of lockdowns and curfews, as well as the influence of the progressive vaccination campaign in order to keep COVID-19 pandemic under the percolation threshold. We illustrate the role played by social interactions by comparing two typical scenarios with low or high strengths of social relationships as compared to France during the first wave in March 2020. We investigate finally the role played by the α and δ variants in the evolution of the epidemic in France till autumn 2021, paying particular attention to the essential role played by the vaccination. Our model predicts that the rise of the epidemic observed in July and August 2021 would not result in a new major epidemic wave in France.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Study of Respiratory Viruses Detected in Patients Under TwoYearsOldwhoRequired Admission Because of Lower Respiratory Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromichi HAMADA ◽  
Atsushi OGURA ◽  
Chiemi HOTTA ◽  
Taku WAKUI ◽  
Tomoko OGAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Lower Respiratory Disease

scholarly journals Social Distancing, Lockdown and the Wide Use of Mask; A Magic Solution or a Double-Edged Sword for Respiratory Viruses Epidemiology?

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 595
Author(s):  
Ivan Sanz-Muñoz ◽  
Sonia Tamames-Gómez ◽  
Javier Castrodeza-Sanz ◽  
José María Eiros-Bouza ◽  
Raul Ortiz de Lejarazu-Leonardo
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Mass Vaccination ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Collateral Effects ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

The use of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as social distancing, lockdowns and the massive use of masks, have not only largely prevented the spread of SARS-CoV-2, but also of other respiratory viruses such as influenza or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). This decrease has been so high that, in most countries, the influenza and RSV epidemic has not occurred. Far from being a beneficial fact, this can be problematic, since the absence of circulation of certain pathogens can lead to a decrease in herd immunity against them. This can promote the rise of more serious, longer-lasting epidemics that start sooner. To alleviate the collateral effects that may occur due to the decrease in circulation of viruses such as influenza, it is necessary to increase the production of influenza vaccines, carry out mass vaccination campaigns and focus on vaccinating the main drivers of this virus, children.

scholarly journals Differentiating Impacts of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on Non-Coronavirus-Disease-2019 Respiratory Viral Infections: Hospital-Based Retrospective Observational Study in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Liang Chen ◽  
Isaac Yen-Hao Chu ◽  
Mei-Lin Yeh ◽  
Yin-Yin Chen ◽  
Chia-Lin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

Background Physical distancing and facemask use are worldwide recognized as effective non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since January 2020, Taiwan has introduced both NPIs but their effectiveness on non-COVID-19 respiratory viruses (NCRVs) remain underexplored. Methods This retrospective observational study examined electronic records at a tertiary hospital in northern Taiwan from pre-COVID (January–December 2019) to post-COVID period (January–May 2020). Patients with respiratory syndromes were tested for both enveloped (e.g. influenza virus and seasonal coronavirus) and non-enveloped RVs (e.g. enterovirus and rhinovirus) using multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Monthly positivity rates of NCRVs among adult and pediatric patients were analyzed with comparison between pre- and post-COVID periods. Results A total of 9693 patients underwent 12127 multiplex RT-PCR tests. The average positivity rate of NCRVs reduced by 11.2% (25.6% to 14.4%) after nationwide PHIs. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the most commonly identified enveloped and non-enveloped viruses were influenza virus and enterovirus/rhinovirus, respectively. Observed reduction in NCRV incidence was predominantly contributed by enveloped NCRVs including influenza viruses. We did not observe epidemiological impacts of NPIs on non-enveloped viruses but an increasing trend in enterovirus/rhinovirus test positivity rate among pediatric patients. Our data were validated using Taiwan’s national notification database. Conclusions Our frontline investigation suggests that the current NPIs in Taiwan might not effectively control the transmission of non-enveloped respiratory viruses, despite their protective effects against influenza and seasonal coronavirus. Hydrogen peroxide or chloride-based disinfectants should be integrated into national preventative strategies against respiratory viral infections in the post-COVID-19 era.

scholarly journals Clinical phenotypes and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2, influenza, RSV and seven other respiratory viruses: a retrospective study using complete hospital data

Thorax ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. thoraxjnl-2021-216949
Author(s):  
Pontus Hedberg ◽  
John Karlsson Valik ◽  
Suzanne van der Werff ◽  
Hideyuki Tanushi ◽  
Ana Requena Mendez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Clinical Phenotypes ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Syncytial Virus

BackgroundAn understanding of differences in clinical phenotypes and outcomes COVID-19 compared with other respiratory viral infections is important to optimise the management of patients and plan healthcare. Herein we sought to investigate such differences in patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 compared with influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and other respiratory viruses.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of hospitalised adults and children (≤15 years) who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus A/B, RSV, rhinovirus, enterovirus, parainfluenza viruses, metapneumovirus, seasonal coronaviruses, adenovirus or bocavirus in a respiratory sample at admission between 2011 and 2020.ResultsA total of 6321 adult (1721 SARS-CoV-2) and 6379 paediatric (101 SARS-CoV-2) healthcare episodes were included in the study. In adults, SARS-CoV-2 positivity was independently associated with younger age, male sex, overweight/obesity, diabetes and hypertension, tachypnoea as well as better haemodynamic measurements, white cell count, platelet count and creatinine values. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 was associated with higher 30-day mortality as compared with influenza (adjusted HR (aHR) 4.43, 95% CI 3.51 to 5.59), RSV (aHR 3.81, 95% CI 2.72 to 5.34) and other respiratory viruses (aHR 3.46, 95% CI 2.61 to 4.60), as well as higher 90-day mortality, ICU admission, ICU mortality and pulmonary embolism in adults. In children, patients with SARS-CoV-2 were older and had lower prevalence of chronic cardiac and respiratory diseases compared with other viruses.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 is associated with more severe outcomes compared with other respiratory viruses, and although associated with specific patient and clinical characteristics at admission, a substantial overlap precludes discrimination based on these characteristics.

scholarly journals A Silver Lining? Fewer non-SARS-CoV-2 Respiratory Viruses during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary M Most ◽  
Michael Holcomb ◽  
Andrew R Jamieson ◽  
Trish M Perl
Keyword(s):  
Count Data ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Case Count ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Public Health Initiatives ◽  
Silver Lining ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

Abstract Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have “flattened the curve” of the COVID-19 pandemic, however the effect of these interventions on other respiratory viruses is unknown. We used aggregate level case count data for eight respiratory viruses and compared the institutional and statewide case counts before and during the period that NPIs were active. We observed a 61% (IRR 0.39, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.41, P < 0.0001) decrease in non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viral infections when NPIs were implemented. This finding, if further verified, should guide future public health initiatives to mitigate viral epidemics.

scholarly journals Characterization of Rhamnolipids for the Inactivation of Enveloped Viruses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Jin ◽  
Wendy Black ◽  
Teresa Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
The Face ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

Abstract In the face of new emerging respiratory viruses, such as SARS-CoV2, vaccines, and drug therapies are not immediately available to curb the spread of the infection. Non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as mask-wearing and social distance, can slow the transmission. However, both mask and social distance are not 100% effective at preventing the spread of respiratory viruses, such as SARS-CoV2 and influenza viruses. There is an urgent need to develop an intervention that could reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. Rhamnolipids are environmentally friendly and biologically safe surfactants that can kill enveloped viruses. Two rhamnolipid products, 222A and 222B, were investigated in this study to determine their ability to inactivate two enveloped viruses, bovine coronavirus and herpes simplex virus 1. We found that 222B at 0.005%, which has no toxicity to cells, can inactivate 105 PFU/ml enveloped viruses in 3-5 min. Moreover, 50-100µl of 222B at 0.005% on 1 cm2 mask fabrics can inactivate ~ 103 PFU /10 µl in 3-5 min. These results suggest that 222B can be coated on masks to prevent or reduce the spread of enveloped viruses.

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