Label-free electrochemical-immunoassay of cancer biomarkers: Recent progress and challenges in the efficient diagnosis of cancer employing electroanalysis based on point of care (POC)

2021 ◽  
pp. 106424
Author(s):  
Soodabeh Hassanpour ◽  
Mohammad Hasanzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cancer Biomarkers ◽  
Electrochemical Immunoassay ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer

A facile deoxyuridine/biotin-modified molecular beacon for simultaneous detection of proteins and nucleic acids via a label-free and background-eliminated fluorescence assay

The Analyst ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (18) ◽  
pp. 5504-5510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Yin ◽  
Liqi Liu ◽  
Xia Sun ◽  
Laiyong Hou ◽  
Yu Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Molecular Beacon ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Cancer Biomarkers ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Early Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Modified Molecular Beacon

Simultaneous detection of different types of cancer biomarkers (nucleic acids and proteins) could facilitate early diagnosis of cancer and clinical treatment.

scholarly journals Glycoprofiling of cancer biomarkers: Label-free electrochemical lectin-based biosensors

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Pihíková ◽  
Peter Kasák ◽  
Jan Tkac
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Cancer Biomarkers ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Glycosylation Pattern ◽  
Human Proteins

AbstractGlycosylation of biomolecules is one of the most prevalent post- and co-translational modification in a human body, with more than half of all human proteins being glycosylated. Malignant transformation of cells influences glycosylation machinery resulting in subtle changes of the glycosylation pattern within the cell populations as a result of cancer. Thus, an altered terminal glycan motif on glycoproteins could provide a warning signal about disease development and progression and could be applied as a reliable biomarker in cancer diagnostics. Among all highly effective glycoprofiling tools, label-free electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-based biosensors have emerged as especially suitable tool for point-of-care early-stage cancer detection. Herein, we highlight the current challenges in glycoprofiling of various cancer biomarkers by ultrasensitive impedimetric-based biosensors with low sample consumption, low cost fabrication and simple miniaturization. Additionally, this review provides a short introduction to the field of glycomics and lectinomics and gives a brief overview of glycan alterations in different types of cancer.

scholarly journals Demonstration of a Label-Free and Low-Cost Optical Cavity-Based Biosensor Using Streptavidin and C-Reactive Protein

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Donggee Rho ◽  
Seunghyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Cavity ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Label Free ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Cavity Structure

An optical cavity-based biosensor (OCB) has been developed for point-of-care (POC) applications. This label-free biosensor employs low-cost components and simple fabrication processes to lower the overall cost while achieving high sensitivity using a differential detection method. To experimentally demonstrate its limit of detection (LOD), we conducted biosensing experiments with streptavidin and C-reactive protein (CRP). The optical cavity structure was optimized further for better sensitivity and easier fluid control. We utilized the polymer swelling property to fine-tune the optical cavity width, which significantly improved the success rate to produce measurable samples. Four different concentrations of streptavidin were tested in triplicate, and the LOD of the OCB was determined to be 1.35 nM. The OCB also successfully detected three different concentrations of human CRP using biotinylated CRP antibody. The LOD for CRP detection was 377 pM. All measurements were done using a small sample volume of 15 µL within 30 min. By reducing the sensing area, improving the functionalization and passivation processes, and increasing the sample volume, the LOD of the OCB are estimated to be reduced further to the femto-molar range. Overall, the demonstrated capability of the OCB in the present work shows great potential to be used as a promising POC biosensor.

scholarly journals Label-Free Electrochemical Sensor for Rapid Bacterial Pathogen Detection Using Vancomycin-Modified Highly Branched Polymers

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1872
Author(s):  
Holger Schulze ◽  
Harry Wilson ◽  
Ines Cara ◽  
Steven Carter ◽  
Edward N. Dyson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Branched Polymers ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Conformation Change ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Staphylococcus Carnosus ◽  
Label Free Detection

Rapid point of care tests for bacterial infection diagnosis are of great importance to reduce the misuse of antibiotics and burden of antimicrobial resistance. Here, we have successfully combined a new class of non-biological binder molecules with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-based sensor detection for direct, label-free detection of Gram-positive bacteria making use of the specific coil-to-globule conformation change of the vancomycin-modified highly branched polymers immobilized on the surface of gold screen-printed electrodes upon binding to Gram-positive bacteria. Staphylococcus carnosus was detected after just 20 min incubation of the sample solution with the polymer-functionalized electrodes. The polymer conformation change was quantified with two simple 1 min EIS tests before and after incubation with the sample. Tests revealed a concentration dependent signal change within an OD600 range of Staphylococcus carnosus from 0.002 to 0.1 and a clear discrimination between Gram-positive Staphylococcus carnosus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria. This exhibits a clear advancement in terms of simplified test complexity compared to existing bacteria detection tests. In addition, the polymer-functionalized electrodes showed good storage and operational stability.

scholarly journals Integrating high-performing electrochemical transducers in lateral flow assay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Perju ◽  
Nongnoot Wongkaew
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Analytical Performance ◽  
Label Free ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Lateral Flow Assays ◽  
Electrochemical Transducers

AbstractLateral flow assays (LFAs) are the best-performing and best-known point-of-care tests worldwide. Over the last decade, they have experienced an increasing interest by researchers towards improving their analytical performance while maintaining their robust assay platform. Commercially, visual and optical detection strategies dominate, but it is especially the research on integrating electrochemical (EC) approaches that may have a chance to significantly improve an LFA’s performance that is needed in order to detect analytes reliably at lower concentrations than currently possible. In fact, EC-LFAs offer advantages in terms of quantitative determination, low-cost, high sensitivity, and even simple, label-free strategies. Here, the various configurations of EC-LFAs published are summarized and critically evaluated. In short, most of them rely on applying conventional transducers, e.g., screen-printed electrode, to ensure reliability of the assay, and additional advances are afforded by the beneficial features of nanomaterials. It is predicted that these will be further implemented in EC-LFAs as high-performance transducers. Considering the low cost of point-of-care devices, it becomes even more important to also identify strategies that efficiently integrate nanomaterials into EC-LFAs in a high-throughput manner while maintaining their favorable analytical performance.

scholarly journals Microfluidics-Based Plasmonic Biosensing System Based on Patterned Plasmonic Nanostructure Arrays

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 826
Author(s):  
Yanting Liu ◽  
Xuming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Microfluidic Chips ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Plasmonic Nanostructure ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Nanostructure Arrays

This review aims to summarize the recent advances and progress of plasmonic biosensors based on patterned plasmonic nanostructure arrays that are integrated with microfluidic chips for various biomedical detection applications. The plasmonic biosensors have made rapid progress in miniaturization sensors with greatly enhanced performance through the continuous advances in plasmon resonance techniques such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized SPR (LSPR)-based refractive index sensing, SPR imaging (SPRi), and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Meanwhile, microfluidic integration promotes multiplexing opportunities for the plasmonic biosensors in the simultaneous detection of multiple analytes. Particularly, different types of microfluidic-integrated plasmonic biosensor systems based on versatile patterned plasmonic nanostructured arrays were reviewed comprehensively, including their methods and relevant typical works. The microfluidics-based plasmonic biosensors provide a high-throughput platform for the biochemical molecular analysis with the advantages such as ultra-high sensitivity, label-free, and real time performance; thus, they continue to benefit the existing and emerging applications of biomedical studies, chemical analyses, and point-of-care diagnostics.

Machine Learning-Assisted Sampling of SERS Substrates Improves Data Collection Efficiency

2021 ◽  
pp. 000370282110345
Author(s):  
Tatu Rojalin ◽  
Dexter Antonio ◽  
Ambarish Kulkarni ◽  
Randy P. Carney
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Expert User

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful technique for sensitive label-free analysis of chemical and biological samples. While much recent work has established sophisticated automation routines using machine learning and related artificial intelligence methods, these efforts have largely focused on downstream processing (e.g., classification tasks) of previously collected data. While fully automated analysis pipelines are desirable, current progress is limited by cumbersome and manually intensive sample preparation and data collection steps. Specifically, a typical lab-scale SERS experiment requires the user to evaluate the quality and reliability of the measurement (i.e., the spectra) as the data are being collected. This need for expert user-intuition is a major bottleneck that limits applicability of SERS-based diagnostics for point-of-care clinical applications, where trained spectroscopists are likely unavailable. While application-agnostic numerical approaches (e.g., signal-to-noise thresholding) are useful, there is an urgent need to develop algorithms that leverage expert user intuition and domain knowledge to simplify and accelerate data collection steps. To address this challenge, in this work, we introduce a machine learning-assisted method at the acquisition stage. We tested six common algorithms to measure best performance in the context of spectral quality judgment. For adoption into future automation platforms, we developed an open-source python package tailored for rapid expert user annotation to train machine learning algorithms. We expect that this new approach to use machine learning to assist in data acquisition can serve as a useful building block for point-of-care SERS diagnostic platforms.

scholarly journals Comparison of DNAzyme activity for the development of an immobilized heme sensor

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (26) ◽  
pp. 1491-1496
Author(s):  
Natalie Hughes ◽  
Nancy Nguyen ◽  
Deanna-Kaye Daley ◽  
Justin Grennell ◽  
Amira Gee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Chemical Complexity ◽  
Detection Strategy ◽  
Detection Approach ◽  
Label Free Detection ◽  
G Quadruplex ◽  
Care Systems

ABSTRACTPoint-of-care systems require highly sensitive, quantitative and selective detection platforms for the real-time multiplexed monitoring of target analytes. To ensure facile development of a sensor, it is preferable for the detection assay to have minimal chemical complexity, contain no wash steps and provide a wide and easily adaptable detection range for multiple targets. Current studies involve label-free detection strategy for relevant clinical molecules such as heme using G-quadruplex based self-assembly. We have explored the measurement of binding and kinetic parameters of various G-quadruplex/heme complexes which are able to self-associate to form a DNAzyme with peroxidase mimicking capabilities and are critical to nucleic acid research. The detection strategy includes immobilizing the G-quadruplex sequences within a polymer matrix to provide a self-assembly based detection approach for heme that could be translated towards other clinically relevant targets.

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