Effect of pore size on bone ingrowth into porous titanium implants fabricated by additive manufacturing: An in vivo experiment

A porous structure comprises pores and pore throats with a complex three-dimensional network structure, and many investigators have described the relationship between average pore size and the amount of bone ingrowth. However, the influence of network structure or pore throats for tissue ingrowth has rarely been discussed. Bioactive porous titanium implants with 48% porosity were analyzed using specific algorithms for three-dimensional analysis of interconnectivity based on a micro focus X-ray computed tomography system. In vivo histological analysis was performed using the very same implants implanted into the femoral condyles of male rabbits for 6 weeks. This matching study revealed that more poorly differentiated pores tended to have narrow pore throats, especially in their shorter routes to the outside. Data obtained suggest that this sort of novel analysis is useful for evaluating bone and tissue ingrowth into porous biomaterials.

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Evaluation of Peri-Implant Bone Grafting Around Surface-Porous Dental Implants: An In Vivo Study in a Goat Model

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12213606 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (21) ◽

pp. 3606 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fahad Alshehri ◽

Mohammed Alshehri ◽

Terrence Sumague ◽

Abdurahman Niazy ◽

John Jansen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Implants ◽

Bone Grafting ◽

Bone Growth ◽

Bone Ingrowth ◽

Titanium Implant ◽

Porous Titanium ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Biomechanical Assessment ◽

Growth Area

Dental implants with surface-porous designs have been recently developed. Clinically, peri-implant bone grafting is expected to promote early osseointegration and bone ingrowth when applied with surface-porous dental implants in challenging conditions. The aim of this study was to comparatively analyze peri-implant bone healing around solid implants and surface-porous implants with and without peri-implant bone grafting, using biomechanical and histomorphometrical assessment in a goat iliac bone model. A total of 36 implants (4.1 mm wide, 11.5 mm long) divided into three groups, solid titanium implant (STI; n = 12), porous titanium implants (PTI; n = 12) and PTI with peri-implant bone grafting using biphasic calcium phosphate granules (PTI + BCP; n = 12), were placed bilaterally in the iliac crests of six goats. The goats were sacrificed seven weeks post-operatively and then subjected to biomechanical (n = 6 per group) and histomorphometrical (n = 6 per group) assessment. The biomechanical assessment revealed no significant differences between the three types of implants. Although the peri-implant bone-area (PIBA%) measured by histomorphometry (STI: 8.63 ± 3.93%, PTI: 9.89 ± 3.69%, PTI + BCP: 9.28 ± 2.61%) was similar for the three experimental groups, the percentage of new bone growth area (BGA%) inside the porous implant portion was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the PTI group (10.67 ± 4.61%) compared to the PTI + BCP group (6.50 ± 6.53%). These data demonstrate that peri-implant bone grafting around surface-porous dental implants does not significantly accelerate early osseointegration and bone ingrowth.

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Controlled implant/soft tissue interaction by nanoscale surface modifications of 3D porous titanium implants

Nanoscale ◽

10.1039/c5nr01237f ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (21) ◽

pp. 9908-9918 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Elisabeth Rieger ◽

Agnès Dupret-Bories ◽

Laetitia Salou ◽

Marie-Helene Metz-Boutigue ◽

Pierre Layrolle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Modification ◽

Soft Tissue ◽

Surface Modifications ◽

Porous Titanium ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Tissue Response ◽

Soft Tissue Response ◽

Modification Of Titanium

Nanoscale surface modification of titanium microbeads can control the soft tissue response in vitro and in vivo.

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In Vivo Evaluation of Porous Titanium Implants with Biomimetic Coating

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.396-398.179 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 396-398 ◽

pp. 179-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Cristina P. Machado ◽

Marize Varella de Oliveira ◽

Robson Pacheco Pereira ◽

Yasmin R. Carvalho ◽

Carlos Alberto Alves Cairo

Keyword(s):

Porous Titanium ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Powder Metallurgy Method ◽

Bone Implant ◽

X Ray ◽

Biomimetic Coating ◽

Left And Right ◽

The Mean

The osseointegration of porous titanium implants was evaluated in the present work. Implants were fabricated from ASTM grade 2 titanium by a powder metallurgy method. Part of these implants were submitted to chemical and thermal treatment in order to deposit a biomimetic coating, aiming to evaluate its influence on the osseointegration of the implants. The implants were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Electron Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Raman Spectroscopy. Three coated and three control (uncoated) implants were surgically inserted into thirty albino rabbits’ left and right tibiae, respectively. Tibiae samples were submitted to histological and histomorphometric analyses, utilizing SEM, optical microscopy and mechanical tests. EDS results indicated calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) at the surface and Raman spectra exhibited an intense peak, characteristic of hydroxyapatite (HA). Bone neoformation was detected at the bone-implant interface and inside the pores, including the central ones. The mean bone neoformation percentage in the coated implants was statistically higher at 15 days, compared to 30 and 45 days. The mechanical tests showed that coated implants presented higher resistance to displacement, especially after 30 and 45 days.

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Fabrication of bioactive 3D printed porous titanium implants with Sr ion-incorporated zeolite coatings for bone ingrowth

Journal of Materials Chemistry B ◽

10.1039/c8tb00328a ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (20) ◽

pp. 3254-3261 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Shuang Wang ◽

Ruiyan Li ◽

Dongdong Li ◽

Zhi-Yong Zhang ◽

Guancong Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Ingrowth ◽

Porous Titanium ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

3D Printed ◽

Strontium Ion ◽

Zeolite Coatings

Strontium ion incorporated zeolites are uniformly fabricated on a 3D printed porous titanium scaffold for bone ingrowth.

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Review of the Powder Metallurgical Production of Net-Shaped Titanium Implants

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.704.311 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 704 ◽

pp. 311-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexander Laptev ◽

Ana Paula Cysne Barbosa ◽

Natália Daudt ◽

Martin Bram

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

New Technologies ◽

Short Review ◽

Porous Titanium ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Replica Technique ◽

Metallurgical Production ◽

Powder Compacts ◽

Sintered State ◽

Highly Porous

The paper gives a short review of P/M routes which were developed or adapted by the authors for the net-shape manufacturing of titanium implants. Special attention is paid to the production of highly porous bone implants, where the porosity is achieved by the application of temporary space holder particles, which are removed before or during sintering by decomposition or dissolution. In this case, shaping was done either by machining of powder compacts in the green and sintered state or by metal injection moulding (MIM). The challenges of these shaping technologies and current solutions are discussed. To complete the review, two promising new technologies for the net-shape production of highly porous titanium implants, the replica technique and additive manufacturing are briefly introduced.

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