The Role of Mitochondria in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia: A Critical Review of the Evidence Focusing on Mitochondrial Complex One

The article is devoted to various aspects of the use of intraluminal brachytherapy (IB) in treatment for esophageal cancer (EC). A critical review of the use of IB as a component of combined radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy in neoadjuvant treatment regimens, for definitive CRT, as well as in palliative treatment of non-operable tumors of this localization is given. The contradictory data on the effectiveness of brachytherapy with locally distributed, inoperable EC are summarized. A separate section relates to the prospects for incorporating brachytherapy into combined treatment of early esophageal cancer. Carried out analysis testifies to the necessity of standardization of summary and daily doses of irradiation depending on the indications to the IB.

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Therapeutic role of vegetables in Respiratory Diseases – A critical review from Ayurvedic classics.

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) ◽

10.21760/jaims.v1i3.4429 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Raghavendra Naik ◽

Shweta Vekariya ◽

R. N. Acharya ◽

Sneha D. Borkar

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Respiratory Disease ◽

Respiratory System ◽

Critical Review ◽

Critical Analysis ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Unique Contribution ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

The Family

The concept of Pathya (wholesome diet) is an unique contribution of Ayurveda, which plays an important role in prevention and management of many diseases. “Shakavarga”, a category under dietetics in classical texts of Ayurveda enlisted different vegetables with their properties and indications in different disease conditions. These vegetables can be prescribed as Pathya (wholesome diet) in clinical practice. In the present review, plants described under Shakavarga, indicated as Pathya in different diseases related to Pranavaha Srotas (Respiratory system) were compiled from 15 different Ayurvedic classical texts. Critical analysis of the compiled data reveals that out of 332 vegetables described under Shakavarga, 44 are indicated in respiratory disease like Shvasa (Dyspnoea/Asthma), Kasa (Cough), Peenasa (Chronic rhinitis) and Hikka (Hiccup). Among them, botanical identity of 42 classical plants has been established and maximum number of vegetables belongs to the family cucurbitaceae (10) followed by solanaceae (4). Some of these vegetables have been reported for their various pharmacological activities related to prevention and management of diseases related to Pranavaha Srotas (Respiratory system). These vegetables are reported for their anti-inflammatory (16), antioxidant (14), anti-allergic (6) and antitussive (3) activities. The observed result may be helpful in use of vegetables as Pathya (wholesome diet) and planning further scientific studies about the efficacy of these plants on prevention as well as management of respiratory diseases.

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Membrane-surfactant interactions. The role of surfactant in mitochondrial complex III-phospholipid-Triton X-100 mixed micelles.

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(19)84601-x ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 261 (14) ◽

pp. 6578-6584

Author(s):

J M Valpuesta ◽

J L Arrondo ◽

M C Barbero ◽

M Pons ◽

F M Goñi

Keyword(s):

Mixed Micelles ◽

Complex Iii ◽

Mitochondrial Complex ◽

Surfactant Interactions ◽

Triton X

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Ndufs4 ablation decreases synaptophysin expression in hippocampus

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-90127-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Subrata Kumar Shil ◽

Yoshiteru Kagawa ◽

Banlanjo Abdulaziz Umaru ◽

Fumika Nanto-Hara ◽

Hirofumi Miyazaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽

Leigh Syndrome ◽

Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain ◽

Mitochondrial Activity ◽

Mitochondrial Complex ◽

Neuronal Function ◽

Mouse Hippocampus ◽

Extracellular Regulated Kinase ◽

Presynaptic Protein

AbstractAltered function of mitochondrial respiratory chain in brain cells is related to many neurodegenerative diseases. NADH Dehydrogenase (Ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 4 (Ndufs4) is one of the subunits of mitochondrial complex I and its mutation in human is associated with Leigh syndrome. However, the molecular biological role of Ndufs4 in neuronal function is poorly understood. In this study, upon Ndufs4 expression confirmation in NeuN-positive neurons, and GFAP-positive astrocytes in WT mouse hippocampus, we found significant decrease of mitochondrial respiration in Ndufs4-KO mouse hippocampus. Although there was no change in the number of NeuN positive neurons in Ndufs4-KO hippocampus, the expression of synaptophysin, a presynaptic protein, was significantly decreased. To investigate the detailed mechanism, we silenced Ndufs4 in Neuro-2a cells and we observed shorter neurite lengths with decreased expression of synaptophysin. Furthermore, western blot analysis for phosphorylated extracellular regulated kinase (pERK) revealed that Ndufs4 silencing decreases the activity of ERK signalling. These results suggest that Ndufs4-modulated mitochondrial activity may be involved in neuroplasticity via regulating synaptophysin expression.

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A Critical Review of Computational Creativity in Built Environment Design

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings11010029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Ning Gu ◽

Peiman Amini Behbahani

Keyword(s):

Built Environment ◽

Critical Review ◽

Contemporary Literature ◽

Research Interest ◽

Future Research ◽

Computational Creativity ◽

Environment Design ◽

Supporting Tool ◽

Definition Of

Computational creativity in built environment (BE) design has been a subject of research interest in the discipline. This paper presents a critical review of various ways computational creativity has been and can be defined and approached in BE design. The paper examines a comprehensive body of contemporary literature on the topics of creativity, computational creativity, and their assessment to identify levels of computational creativity. The paper then proceeds to a further review of the implications of these levels specifically in BE design. The paper identifies four areas in BE design where computational creativity is relevant. In two areas—synthesis (generation) and analysis—there is considerable literature on lower levels of computational creativity. However, in two other areas—interfacing and communication—even the definition of computational creativity is not as defined and clear for the discipline, and most works only consider the role of computers as a supporting tool or medium. These open up future research opportunities for the discipline.

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