scholarly journals A Critical Review of Computational Creativity in Built Environment Design

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Ning Gu ◽  
Peiman Amini Behbahani
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computational Creativity ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Supporting Tool ◽  
Definition Of

Computational creativity in built environment (BE) design has been a subject of research interest in the discipline. This paper presents a critical review of various ways computational creativity has been and can be defined and approached in BE design. The paper examines a comprehensive body of contemporary literature on the topics of creativity, computational creativity, and their assessment to identify levels of computational creativity. The paper then proceeds to a further review of the implications of these levels specifically in BE design. The paper identifies four areas in BE design where computational creativity is relevant. In two areas—synthesis (generation) and analysis—there is considerable literature on lower levels of computational creativity. However, in two other areas—interfacing and communication—even the definition of computational creativity is not as defined and clear for the discipline, and most works only consider the role of computers as a supporting tool or medium. These open up future research opportunities for the discipline.

scholarly journals Cognitive Assessments in Hydration Research Involving Children: Methods and Considerations

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (Suppl. 3) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Westfall ◽  
Nicole E. Logan ◽  
Naiman A. Khan ◽  
Charles H. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

The effects of optimal and insufficient hydration on human health have received increasing investigation in recent years. Specifically, water is an essential nutrient for human health, and the importance of hydration on cognition has continued to attract research interest over the last decade. Despite this focus, children remain a relatively understudied population relative to the effects of hydration on cognition. Of those studies investigating children, findings have been inconsistent, resulting from utilizing a wide variety of cognitive domains and cognitive assessments, as well as varied hydration protocols. Here, our aim is to create a primer for assessing cognition during hydration research in children. Specifically, we review the definition of cognition and the domains of which it is composed, how cognition has been measured in both field- and laboratory-based assessments, results from neuroimaging methods, and the relationship between hydration and academic achievement in children. Lastly, future research considerations are discussed.

Value co-destruction: Review and conceptualization of interactive value formation

2021 ◽  
pp. 147059312098339
Author(s):  
Per Echeverri ◽  
Per Skålén
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Service Systems ◽  
Future Research

The aim of this conceptual article is to both provide a critical review of research into value co-destruction (VCD) and outline a common conceptual framework in order to better understand and guide future research into VCD and value co-creation (VCC). This review finds that the VCD stream of research has followed two lines of enquiry: one that highlights the role of resources and service systems and another that focuses on practices. It further finds that some prior research has argued that a direct and reciprocal relationship exists between VCD and VCC, captured in the concept of interactive value formation (IVF). A synthesizing IVF framework is outlined which suggests that the alignment and misalignment both within practices and in-between different practices determines IVF, that is, VCD and VCC. The framework further suggests that IVF is both enabled and constrained by resources and service systems.

scholarly journals What Is Going on with Visual Attention in Reading and Dyslexia? A Critical Review of Recent Studies

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Conrad Perry ◽  
Heidi Long
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Span Task ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Visual Tasks

This critical review examined current issues to do with the role of visual attention in reading. To do this, we searched for and reviewed 18 recent articles, including all that were found after 2019 and used a Latin alphabet. Inspection of these articles showed that the Visual Attention Span task was run a number of times in well-controlled studies and was typically a small but significant predictor of reading ability, even after potential covariation with phonological effects were accounted for. A number of other types of tasks were used to examine different aspects of visual attention, with differences between dyslexic readers and controls typically found. However, most of these studies did not adequately control for phonological effects, and of those that did, only very weak and non-significant results were found. Furthermore, in the smaller studies, separate within-group correlations between the tasks and reading performance were generally not provided, making causal effects of the manipulations difficult to ascertain. Overall, it seems reasonable to suggest that understanding how and why different types of visual tasks affect particular aspects of reading performance is an important area for future research.

Diminished Parties

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Developing Democracies ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
Definition Of

Many contemporary party organizations are failing to fulfill their representational role in contemporary democracies. While political scientists tend to rely on a minimalist definition of political parties (groups of candidates that compete in elections), this volume argues that this misses how parties can differ not only in degree but also in kind. With a new typology of political parties, the authors provide a new analytical tool to address the role of political parties in democratic functioning and political representation. The empirical chapters apply the conceptual framework to analyze seventeen parties across Latin America. The authors are established scholars expert in comparative politics and in the cases included in the volume. The book sets an agenda for future research on parties and representation, and it will appeal to those concerned with the challenges of consolidating stable and programmatic party systems in developing democracies.

Cultivating Learning Agility Through Mindfulness

2021 ◽  
pp. 182-203
Author(s):  
R. Andrew Lee
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Learning Agility ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Definition Of

“Cultivating Learning Agility Through Mindfulness Training: A Framework and Recommendations” reviews the research related to the role of mindfulness in enhancing learning agility and presents a model to guide future research and applications. It begins by presenting a definition of mindfulness as characterized by three qualities: a focus on present moment experience, an attitude of receptiveness and curiosity, and an emergent capacity for metacognition. It then outlines a process model for learning agility; the model consists of five factors: mindset, awareness, action, integration, and application. This model is then used as a framework to summarize the research linking mindfulness and learning agility. Finally, recommendations are presented for implementing mindfulness training to enhance learning agility.

On the Road to Ephesus

2015 ◽  
pp. 102-125
Author(s):  
Suzanne Roff-Wexler
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Definition Of

Following a brief review of literature on big data as well as wisdom, this chapter provides a definition of data-based wisdom in the context of healthcare organizations and their visions. The author addresses barriers and ways to overcome barriers to data-based wisdom. Insights from interviews with leading healthcare professionals add practical meaning to the discussion. Finally, future research directions and questions are suggested, including the role of synchronicity and serendipity in data-based wisdom. In this chapter, developing data-based wisdom systems that flourish Wisdom, Virtue, Intellect, and Knowledge are encouraged.

scholarly journals Viruses in the Built Environment (VIBE) meeting report

Microbiome ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Prussin ◽  
Jessica A. Belser ◽  
Werner Bischoff ◽  
Scott T. Kelley ◽  
Kaisen Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Meeting Report ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Viral Communities ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Background During a period of rapid growth in our understanding of the microbiology of the built environment in recent years, the majority of research has focused on bacteria and fungi. Viruses, while probably as numerous, have received less attention. In response, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation supported a workshop entitled “Viruses in the Built Environment (VIBE),” at which experts in environmental engineering, environmental microbiology, epidemiology, infection prevention, fluid dynamics, occupational health, metagenomics, and virology convened to synthesize recent advances and identify key research questions and knowledge gaps regarding viruses in the built environment. Results Four primary research areas and funding priorities were identified. First, a better understanding of viral communities in the built environment is needed, specifically which viruses are present and their sources, spatial and temporal dynamics, and interactions with bacteria. Second, more information is needed about viruses and health, including viral transmission in the built environment, the relationship between virus detection and exposure, and the definition of a healthy virome. The third research priority is to identify and evaluate interventions for controlling viruses and the virome in the built environment. This encompasses interactions among viruses, buildings, and occupants. Finally, to overcome the challenge of working with viruses, workshop participants emphasized that improved sampling methods, laboratory techniques, and bioinformatics approaches are needed to advance understanding of viruses in the built environment. Conclusions We hope that identifying these key questions and knowledge gaps will engage other investigators and funding agencies to spur future research on the highly interdisciplinary topic of viruses in the built environment. There are numerous opportunities to advance knowledge, as many topics remain underexplored compared to our understanding of bacteria and fungi.

Respect for Autonomy: Seeking the Roles of Healthcare Design From the Principle of Biomedical Ethics

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-244
Author(s):  
Liwei Zhu ◽  
Shanshan Zhang ◽  
Zhipeng Lu
Keyword(s):  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Respect For Autonomy ◽  
Healthcare Environment ◽  
Patient’S Autonomy ◽  
Definition Of

Objective: This article aims to discuss the role of the healthcare environment on patient’s autonomy. Referring to biomedical ethics will provide a research logic and form a theoretical framework for healthcare designers to define patient autonomy, to master the conditions for promoting it, and to discover the potential of the environment. Background: In modern society, it becomes the responsibility of healthcare architects to realize the design of “benefit for patients.” The goal of healthcare environment design and research is also gradually from a basic level of ensuring the physiological safety of patients to achieving a higher level of respecting patients and helping realize their self-realization. However, how to express respect to patients in the healthcare environment is ambiguous. In order to break through the limitation of architectural specialty, we propose to introduce biomedical ethics. Under this major premise, this article will discuss from the perspective of respect for autonomy (RA). Method: This article combines the definition of autonomy and the discussion of the medical and nursing practice to summarize and propose the themes about RA. It draws on the top-down deductive logic of biomedical ethics from theory to application and applies the three-condition theory of Beauchamp and Childress to deduce the role of the healthcare environment on patient autonomy in each theme. Conclusion: Introducing biomedical ethics into the study of environmental design provides a more theoretical and systematic way of thinking about the role of the healthcare environment. Some autonomy-supportive design strategies are collected and proposed.

scholarly journals Effects of Global Climate on Infectious Disease: the Cholera Model

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin K. Lipp ◽  
Anwar Huq ◽  
Rita R. Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Definition Of

SUMMARY Recently, the role of the environment and climate in disease dynamics has become a subject of increasing interest to microbiologists, clinicians, epidemiologists, and ecologists. Much of the interest has been stimulated by the growing problems of antibiotic resistance among pathogens, emergence and/or reemergence of infectious diseases worldwide, the potential of bioterrorism, and the debate concerning climate change. Cholera, caused by Vibrio cholerae, lends itself to analyses of the role of climate in infectious disease, coupled to population dynamics of pathogenic microorganisms, for several reasons. First, the disease has a historical context linking it to specific seasons and biogeographical zones. In addition, the population dynamics of V. cholerae in the environment are strongly controlled by environmental factors, such as water temperature, salinity, and the presence of copepods, which are, in turn, controlled by larger-scale climate variability. In this review, the association between plankton and V. cholerae that has been documented over the last 20 years is discussed in support of the hypothesis that cholera shares properties of a vector-borne disease. In addition, a model for environmental transmission of cholera to humans in the context of climate variability is presented. The cholera model provides a template for future research on climate-sensitive diseases, allowing definition of critical parameters and offering a means of developing more sophisticated methods for prediction of disease outbreaks.

Parents’ Speech and Children’s Stuttering: A Critique of the Literature

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 978-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn A. Nippold ◽  
Mishelle Rudzinski
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Question Asking ◽  
Speech Behaviors ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
The Way

The role of parents in relation to their children’s stuttering has been of great interest to speech-language pathologists for more than 50 years. As part of treatment, speech-language pathologists frequently advise parents to modify their speech behaviors when talking with their children. For example, parents are often told to speak more slowly and to refrain from interrupting or questioning the child excessively. Given the commonness of this advice, it is important to examine the research upon which it is based. This article contains a critical review of the literature concerning the role of parents’ speech behaviors (e.g., rate, interruptions, question-asking) in relation to their children’s stuttering. Published studies are reported and analyzed in order to determine the extent to which parents may affect their children’s stuttering through their own speech behaviors. The review indicates that there is little convincing evidence to support the view that parents of children who stutter differ from parents of children who do not stutter in the way they talk with their children. Similarly, there is little objective support for the argument that parents’ speech behaviors contribute to children’s stuttering or that modifying parents’ speech behaviors facilitates children’s fluency. Implications for treatment and for future research are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document